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Debate 07 08
- 3. Debate is defined as a formal, direct, oral contest in argumentation between two or more teams on a definite issue on a definite time.
- 4. VALUES: Leadership Skills, Analysis, Critical Thinking, Open- mindedness, Thinking on One’s Feet, Organization, Listening, Self-confidence, Teamwork and Cooperation
- 5. The winner in a debate is the better speaker of English.
- 6. A good debater must, to a certain extent, be arrogant.
- 7. In a debate, one should speak as loudly and as quickly as he or she can.
- 8. The more content is delivered, the stronger the argument.
- 9. VARIOUS NAMES: Oregon-Oxford Debate Format Cross-Examination Debate Forensic Debate ALL THE SAME TYPE OF DEBATE
- 10. IMPORTANT FEATURES: •Use of Proof and Evidence •Cross-Examination Part
- 11. Members per Team: 4 Role of Members: 4 speakers Length of Constructives: 3 mins Number of Constructives: 3 Length of Cross-Ex: 1 min Rebuttals: 1 per side Length of Rebuttals: 3 mins Last Speech: Negative Rebuttal
- 12. Prep 3 minutes 1st Aff 3 minutes Cross Ex of 1st Aff 1 minute 1st Neg 3 minutes Cross Ex of 1st Neg 1 minute 2nd Aff and 2nd Neg 16 minutes 3rd Aff and 3rd Neg Rebut by Aff 3 minutes Rebut by Neg 3 minutes Adj Prep 3 minutes Adj 3 minutes
- 13. Propositions must go against the status quo or what is the prevailing circumstance.
- 14. That students should be allowed to bring cellphones to school
- 15. Speaker Roles
- 16. Speaker Responsibilities 1 st Affirmative Speaker •define the terms of the proposition Example: “cellphones are electronic devices used for communication”
- 17. Speaker Responsibilities 1 st Affirmative Speaker •Lays out the policy created by the team/values to be debated on •give an outline of the team structure/team split (signposting)
- 18. Speaker Responsibilities 1 st Affirmative Speaker Example: I as the first speaker will talk about the feasibility of cellphone proposal, while the second speaker will talk about the benefits of having this policy. No rehash!
- 19. Speaker Responsibilities 1 st Affirmative Speaker •begin to present the affirmative’s case THE FIRST SPEAKER SHOULD TAKE THE MOST DIFFICULT PART OF THE TEAM SPLIT.
- 20. Speaker Responsibilities 1 st Negative Speaker •cross-examine 1st Affirmative •accept or reject the definition •reasons: definition is against the spirit of the proposition or altruistic •States the clash •rebut 1st Affirmative (0ffense)
- 21. Speaker Responsibilities 1 st Negative Speaker •Clash: We do not want students to bring cellphones to school. We want to maintain status quo.
- 22. Speaker Responsibilities CROSS-EXAMINATION •to clarify points On ECA being required Mr. Speaker, you conceded that clubs promote holistic development, didn’t you?
- 23. Speaker Responsibilities CROSS-EXAMINATION •directing questions On ECA being required Mr. Speaker, isn’t holistic development a goal of Xavier School? Shouldn’t students be required to do things that contribute to their holistic development?
- 24. Speaker Responsibilities CROSS-EXAMINATION •concluding questions On ECA being required Mr. Speaker, shouldn’t ECA, contributing to holistic development, then be required of students?
- 25. Speaker Responsibilities CROSS-EXAMINATION •Don’t make statements, do ask questions. •Don’t ask irrelevant questions. •Try to ask yes-or-no questions. •Do be courteous.
- 26. Speaker Responsibilities 2nd and 3rd Speakers •defend 1st speaker from attack (defense) •rebut previous speaker (offense) •present portion of case
- 27. Speaker Responsibilities Rebuttal Speakers •summarize his side THE REBUTTAL SPEAKER CAN PRESENT NEW ARGUMENTS.
- 28. Speaker Responsibilities Rebuttal Speakers •summarize his side THE REBUTTAL SPEAKER CAN PRESENT NEW EXAMPLES.
- 29. Speaker Responsibilities Rebuttal Speakers •select his side’s strongest issues and explain why these are sufficient for a win •refute key issues of other side •explain why other issues should result in a loss for other side
- 30. Speaker Responsibilities Rebuttal Speakers •Issues: important contentions/clashes in the debate
- 31. That capital punishment should be implemented
- 32. Speaker Responsibilities Rebuttal Speakers: I’m going to answer two crucial questions in my speech. First, does the death penalty really deter crime? Second, is justice really served by an eye-for-an- eye punishment?
- 33. Speaker Responsibilities AUDIENCE •objectively express agreement or disagreement •HEAR! •SHAME!
- 34. DIVISION INTO TEAMS 4 people / team other people to be adjudicators
- 35. Preparing Notes for the Debate Motion: Definition of Terms: Affirmative Negative Split: (three parts) Split: (three parts) 1st Speaker: (name) 1st Speaker: (name) - points within split - points within split 2nd Speaker: (name) 2nd Speaker: (name) - points within split - points within split 3rd Speaker: (name) 3rd Speaker: (name) - points within split - points within split
- 36. WHY???
- 37. ARGUMENTATION
- 38. Argumentation is the art of giving reasons in order to justify acts, beliefs, attitudes, and values
- 39. Argument a reason to justify a stand on a particular issue
- 40. How do we argue? Handle/Label of the Argument
- 41. That capital punishment should be implemented Capital punishment protects society by deterring heinous crimes.
- 42. How do we argue? deductively and inductively
- 43. Arguing Deductively • Start with the conclusion • Explanation of the conclusion through the providing evidence/support
- 44. Capital punishment protects society by deterring heinous crimes. Conclusion: The death penalty deters crime by threatening would-be criminals with the heaviest and most dreaded punishment possible during their period of calculation. Support: That is because heinous crimes are usually deliberate and pre-meditated. This means that before people commit these crimes, they plan the act and therefore, have the benefit of rational thought.
- 45. Arguing Inductively • Start with specific pieces of evidence or support • Ends with a conclusion
- 46. Capital punishment protects society by deterring heinous crimes. Support: That is because heinous crimes are usually deliberate and pre-meditated. This means that before people commit these crimes, they plan the act and therefore, have the benefit of rational thought. Conclusion: Thus death penalty deters crime by threatening would-be criminals with the heaviest and most dreaded punishment possible during their period of calculation.
- 47. You may add examples like: Statistics, news items, case studies, etc.
- 48. Feasibility • Will the policy work? • How will it work? • Is it the best policy to solve the problem?
- 49. Beneficiality • Will the policy be beneficial? • How big of a benefit will it be? • Who will benefit from the policy?
- 50. HOW???
- 51. WHY???
- 52. EVERY ARGUMENT SHOULD BE BACKED UP BY SUPPORTS. Banner statements are NOT arguments.
- 53. With a partner, construct your own argument given this motion: That Xavier School should abolish its haircut policy You may choose to argue deductively or inductively.