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Capital
What is a Capital
•   crime that is particularly vile, atrocious,
    or cruel

•   with multiple victims

•   occurred during the commission of
    another felony

•   victim was a police or correctional officer
    in the line of duty

•   offender was previously convicted of a
    capital offense or violent crime

•   offender directed an accomplice to
    commit murder or committed murder at
    the direction of another
Aggravating vs.
     • Aggravating Factor-
       something that makes a
       murder more serious, allows
       prosecutor to ask for DP


     • Mitigating Factor-
       something the jury can
       consider in favor of the
       defendant, can lessen
       sentence
Aggravating- TYPE
• arson
• battery (serious   • hijacking
  injury)
                     • kidnapping
• burglary           • robbery
• carjacking         • sexual offenses
• drug trafficking    • train wrecking
• escape
Aggravating-
• elected official
• law enforcement-         • informant
  police, parole officer,
  firefighter, etc           • pregnant woman
• court officials-          • youth/child
  judge, lawyer, juror,    • handicapped
  witness                    person
• hate crime
Aggravating-
•   assault weapon
                               •   multiple homicides
•   release from custody
                               •   ordered killing
•   disrupting govt function
                               •   parole/probation
•   drive-by shooting
                               •   monetary gain
•   explosives
                               •   prior felony or
•   great risk to others           homicide

•   in custody                 •   terrorism

•   lying-in-wait              •   torture
Mitigating
•   age (under 18, over 75)   •   mentally retarded
•   another cause for death   •   minor participation
•   co-defendant spared DP    •   moral justification
•   cooperation with          •   no future threat
    authorities
                              •   no significant prior
•   extreme duress                criminal history
•   extreme mental/           •   traumatic stress
    emotional disturbance         syndrome
•   impaired capacity         •   victim’s consent
• Decapitation
• Electrocution
                     Methods of
• Firing Squad       Execution
• Gas Chamber
• Hanging
• Lethal injection
• Shooting
• Stoning
Pros and Cons
• Deterrence           • Use of DNA
• Protecting Society   • Public Opinion
• Retribution          • Executing the Innocent?
• Proportionality      • Eyewitness / testimony
• Barbarity            • Fairness between races
                         and classes
• Expense              • Religious Arguments
Can It Be
  Fair?     • Criminal Justice System
            • Variety of Capital Offenses
            • Role of the Jury
            • 8th Amendment / “Cruel
              and Unusual”

            • Appropriate Application
            • Procedural Issues
Why So
• more pre-trial preparation   • jurors sequestered during
                                 trial
• more pre-trial motions to
  file/answer                   • two trials instead of one,
                                 one for guilt and second
• more experts to hire           for sentencing

• probably 2 attorneys         • trial takes longer
  appointed to defense           (estimated 3-5 times
  (comparable team for           longer in length)
  prosecution)
                               • series of required appeals
• jurors pre-screened
LEGAL RULINGS
• Furman v Georgia 1972- DP is “arbitrary and
  capricious”, violated ban on “cruel and unusual
  punishment”... DP suspended in US
• Gregg v Georgia 1976- revisions in state laws
  resumed DP
• Estelle v Smith 1981- mental incompetence/
  retardation
• Ring v Arizona 2005- only sentenced by jury
• Roper v Simmons 2005- min. age of 18

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Death Penalty Overview

  • 2. What is a Capital • crime that is particularly vile, atrocious, or cruel • with multiple victims • occurred during the commission of another felony • victim was a police or correctional officer in the line of duty • offender was previously convicted of a capital offense or violent crime • offender directed an accomplice to commit murder or committed murder at the direction of another
  • 3. Aggravating vs. • Aggravating Factor- something that makes a murder more serious, allows prosecutor to ask for DP • Mitigating Factor- something the jury can consider in favor of the defendant, can lessen sentence
  • 4. Aggravating- TYPE • arson • battery (serious • hijacking injury) • kidnapping • burglary • robbery • carjacking • sexual offenses • drug trafficking • train wrecking • escape
  • 5. Aggravating- • elected official • law enforcement- • informant police, parole officer, firefighter, etc • pregnant woman • court officials- • youth/child judge, lawyer, juror, • handicapped witness person • hate crime
  • 6. Aggravating- • assault weapon • multiple homicides • release from custody • ordered killing • disrupting govt function • parole/probation • drive-by shooting • monetary gain • explosives • prior felony or • great risk to others homicide • in custody • terrorism • lying-in-wait • torture
  • 7. Mitigating • age (under 18, over 75) • mentally retarded • another cause for death • minor participation • co-defendant spared DP • moral justification • cooperation with • no future threat authorities • no significant prior • extreme duress criminal history • extreme mental/ • traumatic stress emotional disturbance syndrome • impaired capacity • victim’s consent
  • 8. • Decapitation • Electrocution Methods of • Firing Squad Execution • Gas Chamber • Hanging • Lethal injection • Shooting • Stoning
  • 9. Pros and Cons • Deterrence • Use of DNA • Protecting Society • Public Opinion • Retribution • Executing the Innocent? • Proportionality • Eyewitness / testimony • Barbarity • Fairness between races and classes • Expense • Religious Arguments
  • 10. Can It Be Fair? • Criminal Justice System • Variety of Capital Offenses • Role of the Jury • 8th Amendment / “Cruel and Unusual” • Appropriate Application • Procedural Issues
  • 11. Why So • more pre-trial preparation • jurors sequestered during trial • more pre-trial motions to file/answer • two trials instead of one, one for guilt and second • more experts to hire for sentencing • probably 2 attorneys • trial takes longer appointed to defense (estimated 3-5 times (comparable team for longer in length) prosecution) • series of required appeals • jurors pre-screened
  • 12. LEGAL RULINGS • Furman v Georgia 1972- DP is “arbitrary and capricious”, violated ban on “cruel and unusual punishment”... DP suspended in US • Gregg v Georgia 1976- revisions in state laws resumed DP • Estelle v Smith 1981- mental incompetence/ retardation • Ring v Arizona 2005- only sentenced by jury • Roper v Simmons 2005- min. age of 18

Editor's Notes