Death penalty
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The document discusses capital punishment in the United States. It notes that as of 2008 there were over 3,100 individuals on death rows in the US. While the US is one of 58 nations that carries out the death penalty, support for it has declined in the US with only 55% of Americans now in favor compared to 78% in 1996. The document also outlines the different methods of execution allowed in various US states.
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Death penalty
The document discusses the death penalty and its use in the Philippines. It begins by stating that the death penalty violates fundamental human rights and is a cruel punishment. It then lists the crimes that can receive the death penalty in the Philippines, including aggravated murder, terrorism, and drug trafficking. The document also discusses how the death penalty was abolished in the Philippines in 1987 under the constitution but later reinstated in 1993 to address rising crime rates, before being abolished again in 2006. It concludes by stating there is little evidence the death penalty deters crime more than life imprisonment.
Capital punishment
Capital punishment is the legitimate causing of death as a result of breaking the law in accord to
criminal law. Several jurisdictions have go on to exercise this means of penalizing felonies and
in the other parts, questions emerge on the legitimacy of the exercise. The mostly used methods
of implementing capital punishment long ago incorporated skewering as well as beheading. The
current society, the generally applied techniques vary from lynching, shelling, and electrocution
to lethal injections.
See more at: http://www.customwritingservice.org/blog/capital-punishment
Should Death Penalty be Abolished
The execution of the innocent believed guilty is a miscarriage of justice that must be opposed whenever detected.
But such miscarriage of justice cannot warrant abolition at the death penalty. The advantages outweigh the disadvantages, human activities including the penal system with all its punishments are morally justified. It is necessary to protect the rights of a group of people, death penalty is vital to protect a person’s right to live. If not so, then is the arresting someone same as kidnapping someone?
Overview of Death Penalty
This document provides an in-depth overview of capital punishment in India and around the world, including:
- A brief history of capital punishment practices from ancient times to the present.
- An overview of the major religions' stances on capital punishment.
- Details on the implementation and controversies around capital punishment in countries like the US, China, India and others.
- International frameworks and treaties related to abolition of the death penalty.
Death penalty
The document discusses the history of the death penalty in the Philippines, including:
- The 1987 constitution abolished capital punishment and commuted over 500 death sentences from martial law.
- In 1992, President Ramos wanted to restore the death penalty but Congress did not take action.
- In 1996, lethal injection was mandated for death sentences and the first execution by this method occurred in 1999.
- In 2000, President Arroyo signed legislation again abolishing the death penalty.
Death penalty
The document discusses capital punishment and the death penalty. It provides information on how capital punishment is a legal process where a person is put to death by the state as punishment for a crime. It notes that currently 58 nations actively practice capital punishment, while 140 countries have abolished it. It discusses arguments for and against the death penalty, including retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, closure for victims' families, and the possibility of wrongful convictions. It also summarizes Islam's views on capital punishment and the crimes for which it can be administered under Islamic law.
Should Death penalty be Abolished in India?
This is the brief and to the point discussion on Death penalty and its need in India. So have a look at it...Enjoy!!!
Comment on capital punishment
By this presentation, people may get an idea as to what is the position of capital punishment in the world. what are the measures to abolish it or do we really need to abolish it? Happy learning.
Recommended
Death penalty
The document discusses the death penalty and its use in the Philippines. It begins by stating that the death penalty violates fundamental human rights and is a cruel punishment. It then lists the crimes that can receive the death penalty in the Philippines, including aggravated murder, terrorism, and drug trafficking. The document also discusses how the death penalty was abolished in the Philippines in 1987 under the constitution but later reinstated in 1993 to address rising crime rates, before being abolished again in 2006. It concludes by stating there is little evidence the death penalty deters crime more than life imprisonment.
Capital punishment
Capital punishment is the legitimate causing of death as a result of breaking the law in accord to
criminal law. Several jurisdictions have go on to exercise this means of penalizing felonies and
in the other parts, questions emerge on the legitimacy of the exercise. The mostly used methods
of implementing capital punishment long ago incorporated skewering as well as beheading. The
current society, the generally applied techniques vary from lynching, shelling, and electrocution
to lethal injections.
See more at: http://www.customwritingservice.org/blog/capital-punishment
Should Death Penalty be Abolished
The execution of the innocent believed guilty is a miscarriage of justice that must be opposed whenever detected.
But such miscarriage of justice cannot warrant abolition at the death penalty. The advantages outweigh the disadvantages, human activities including the penal system with all its punishments are morally justified. It is necessary to protect the rights of a group of people, death penalty is vital to protect a person’s right to live. If not so, then is the arresting someone same as kidnapping someone?
Overview of Death Penalty
This document provides an in-depth overview of capital punishment in India and around the world, including:
- A brief history of capital punishment practices from ancient times to the present.
- An overview of the major religions' stances on capital punishment.
- Details on the implementation and controversies around capital punishment in countries like the US, China, India and others.
- International frameworks and treaties related to abolition of the death penalty.
Death penalty
The document discusses the history of the death penalty in the Philippines, including:
- The 1987 constitution abolished capital punishment and commuted over 500 death sentences from martial law.
- In 1992, President Ramos wanted to restore the death penalty but Congress did not take action.
- In 1996, lethal injection was mandated for death sentences and the first execution by this method occurred in 1999.
- In 2000, President Arroyo signed legislation again abolishing the death penalty.
Death penalty
The document discusses capital punishment and the death penalty. It provides information on how capital punishment is a legal process where a person is put to death by the state as punishment for a crime. It notes that currently 58 nations actively practice capital punishment, while 140 countries have abolished it. It discusses arguments for and against the death penalty, including retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, closure for victims' families, and the possibility of wrongful convictions. It also summarizes Islam's views on capital punishment and the crimes for which it can be administered under Islamic law.
Should Death penalty be Abolished in India?
This is the brief and to the point discussion on Death penalty and its need in India. So have a look at it...Enjoy!!!
Comment on capital punishment
By this presentation, people may get an idea as to what is the position of capital punishment in the world. what are the measures to abolish it or do we really need to abolish it? Happy learning.
Death Penalty
The document discusses the history and legal status of the death penalty in the United States. It notes that the U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that capital punishment is constitutional if the method is not cruel and the punishment is proportionate to the crime. Two landmark cases, Furman v. Georgia and Gregg v. Georgia, established that the death penalty cannot be imposed arbitrarily but is constitutional if applied fairly. Statistics on the global use of the death penalty are also presented.
Capital punishment
The document discusses capital punishment in India. It outlines several common execution methods such as gas chamber, electric chair, and lethal injection. It notes that between 1975-1991 around 40 people were executed in India, though the exact number is disputed. The document also discusses the Indian Penal Code provisions for which capital punishment is allowed and some controversial Supreme Court cases related to the death penalty. More than two-thirds of countries have abolished the death penalty in law or practice, with 140 countries total being abolitionist. The document concludes by arguing that the death penalty is a cruel punishment and that India should review its stance on capital punishment.
Social Stratification
The document discusses the history of racial segregation and discrimination in the United States, from the Jim Crow era to the Civil Rights era. It analyzes the criminal justice system and argues that it serves to maintain inequality and control the poor rather than prevent crime. Incarceration rates in the US are the highest in the world and criminalization of minor offenses disproportionately impacts poor and minority communities. The failure to address the root causes of crime and provide support for rehabilitation means the system sets people up for reoffending.
Assignment 4
The document discusses arguments for and against the death penalty. It notes that while some argue the death penalty deters crime, others argue it is an inhumane punishment that risks executing innocent people. It also discusses the high financial costs of pursuing capital punishment cases, with some counties forced to cut other services to pay for expensive death penalty prosecutions and trials. Fifteen states have abolished the death penalty and have lower murder rates compared to states that retain capital punishment.
Should the Capital Punishment be removed or not?
Should Capital Punishment be removed from the existing Indian Law or not?
The topic itself is quite 'debatable'.
However, I managed to substantiate it a bit with some information collected from the Internet, still was not satisfied with the outcome. So, I made a survey on the common people of Bhubaneswar to know what they want.
I took down the datas collected from their yes/no response and compiled them into a graph which gave me a much clearer overview.
I hope that my presentation might be helpful to you all and know the current scenario of people's mindset to some extent.
Thank you.
By Rajdeep Banerjee
Capital punishment
This document discusses capital punishment and provides arguments for and against it. It begins by defining capital punishment and how it is carried out in India and other countries. It then summarizes two recent high-profile executions in India. The document outlines several offenses that are punishable by death under the Indian Penal Code and provides opinions both in support of and against capital punishment. It also gives statistics on global usage of the death penalty. The conclusion discusses the debate around capital punishment and the view that it is a barbaric practice that has failed to deter crime.
Ppt chapter 15
This document provides a brief history and overview of capital punishment. It discusses how the death penalty has been used throughout history and how views on it have changed over time, especially in the 18th century Enlightenment. It also summarizes several important Supreme Court cases that have shaped the application of the death penalty in the US. Finally, it covers current death row practices and procedures, as well as topics like public opinion, juveniles receiving the death penalty, and executing the mentally disabled.
Death penalty
The document discusses the history and use of the death penalty. It notes that the earliest references to the death penalty come from the Code of Hammurabi from the 18th century BC, which listed 25 crimes punishable by death such as boiling, burning, hanging, and drawing. By the 10th century, hanging became the predominant method of execution in Britain. Some countries still use the death penalty for acts of terrorism and murder. However, critics argue that the death penalty is discriminatory as poor people and racial/religious minorities are more likely to receive it due to unfair treatment in legal systems. It is also used politically by some governments to punish opponents. The document concludes that only God can judge people and that the death penalty
DEATH PENALTY
The document discusses constitutional guarantees against excessive fines, cruel, degrading, and inhuman punishment under Philippine law. It prohibits imposing death penalty unless authorized by Congress for compelling reasons involving heinous crimes. It outlines arguments for and against death penalty, including whether it is a deterrent or deprives chance of rehabilitation.
Capital punishment
Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the execution of criminals convicted of capital crimes by the state. It has been used throughout history as punishment for serious offenses like murder. While many nations have abolished it, some still practice capital punishment for certain crimes. There are moral, practical, and legal arguments both for and against its use. Supporters argue it deters serious crimes and ensures justice, while opponents argue it is an unreliable and inhumane violation of a basic right to life. The morality of the practice is widely debated around issues of fairness, error, and the sanctity of human life.
Capital punishment
The document discusses capital punishment and its history. It provides details on forms of execution such as lethal injection, electrocution, and hanging. The document examines theories for why governments punish criminals, such as vengeance, retribution, deterrence, and incapacitation. It argues that the death penalty deters crime and prevents recidivism. Examples of political figures who received capital punishment are given.
Jury nullification cja 344
The document discusses jury nullification and whether ethnicity influences courtroom proceedings. It provides background on two issues regarding race and the criminal justice system: that minorities receive harsher sentences than whites, and dissatisfaction with public defender services and plea bargaining. The document also discusses a case where three teens were acquitted of serious charges in the beating death of a Mexican immigrant, which elicited cheers. Scholars are discussed who view ethnicity-based jury nullification as either a way to vote against injustice or as a danger to society.
Capital punishment
Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the process by which a person is executed by the state as punishment for a crime. Historically, capital punishment was practiced by most societies and accompanied by torture and public executions. Currently, 58 nations actively practice capital punishment, while 140 countries have abolished it either in law or practice. The use of the death penalty remains highly controversial and debated in various countries and regions.
Race-Based Jury Nullification
The document discusses race-based jury nullification, where jurors vote to acquit a defendant based on their race rather than the facts of the case. Both arguments for and against race-based jury nullification are presented. Examples of cases where race-based nullification may have occurred include the 1931 Scottsboro trial and the 1992 Rodney King beating trial. While race-based nullification could allow guilty offenders to go free or innocent people to be convicted based on biases, others argue it provides flexibility for community standards and has occurred historically.
Capital punishment
This document provides a historical overview of capital punishment practices around the world from ancient times to present day. It describes some of the earliest death penalty laws and methods of execution, including beheading and stoning referenced in Hammurabi's Code and ancient Egypt. Various cultures are discussed such as the Greeks, Romans, Mongols, during the Dark Ages and Colonial Era. Famous execution methods like the guillotine, electric chair, gas chamber, firing squad, and lethal injection are summarized. It also mentions the UN's resolution calling for a moratorium on the death penalty and debates around reforming penal systems.
Courts
This document provides an overview of the US legal system and Supreme Court. It discusses how laws are created and categorized, the roles and jurisdictions of different courts, factors considered in Supreme Court nominations, models of Supreme Court decision making, and types of opinions issued. The key points are that laws aim to provide security and order in society, the Supreme Court has both original and appellate jurisdiction, and the President considers ideology and competence in nominations.
The Judiciary
This document provides an overview of the key concepts in political science and constitutional law. It discusses the purposes of law in providing security, predictability, and enforcing societal values. It also summarizes different types of laws and legal systems in the US, including substantive and procedural law. Key concepts in criminal and civil law are defined. The structure and jurisdiction of the US court system, from trial courts to the Supreme Court, are outlined. Factors in the Supreme Court nomination process and models of judicial decision-making are also summarized.
Courts
This document outlines key concepts about the US legal system and Supreme Court. It discusses the purposes of law in providing security, predictability, and enforcing societal values. It also defines different types of laws and crimes, the structure and jurisdiction of courts, and factors that influence Supreme Court nominations and decision-making. The Supreme Court has the power of judicial review to determine if laws are constitutional, establishing it as a check on the other branches of government.
Crime
Violent crime in the US decreased 3% in 2003 and has been declining for over a decade, though the murder rate increased slightly from 2004 to 2005. Overall crime has dropped 50% in the last 10 years. The US imprisons more of its population than any other country, with over 2 million incarcerated, and the recidivism rate within 3 years of release is 57%. Racial disparities exist in the criminal justice system, with African Americans making up a disproportionate percentage of the prison population compared to the general population.
The Crime of Criminal Justice
The document analyzes racial disparities at various stages of the criminal justice system from drug use and police stops to sentencing, incarceration, and life after prison. It argues that the explosion of the criminal justice system over the last few decades and its disproportionate impact on black and brown communities shows that the system is working as intended as a tool of social control and racial domination rather than being mistakes within an otherwise just system. It calls for adopting a long-term perspective and dismantling the system through social movement and grassroots organizing rather than small reforms.
Capital punishment (1)
The document provides a lengthy history of capital punishment in the United States from its earliest use by European settlers through its modern application. It details how the death penalty was applied for various crimes over time, public and legal debates around its use and constitutionality, and methods of execution that have been utilized. The document also includes statistics on death row populations and executions in recent decades by state.
Gun violence
- Guns are legally owned by civilians in the US, though licenses are required. The right to bear arms is protected by the Second Amendment.
- An average of 20 Americans die daily from gun violence. Gun deaths far exceed those from terrorism in the US.
- While federal laws regulate gun ownership, state laws vary in their permissiveness around open and concealed carry. The powerful NRA lobby works against increased gun control.
- Proposals to curb the high rate of gun deaths in the US take a multifaceted approach, like those suggested by former President Obama, but face strong political opposition.
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Death Penalty
The document discusses the history and legal status of the death penalty in the United States. It notes that the U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that capital punishment is constitutional if the method is not cruel and the punishment is proportionate to the crime. Two landmark cases, Furman v. Georgia and Gregg v. Georgia, established that the death penalty cannot be imposed arbitrarily but is constitutional if applied fairly. Statistics on the global use of the death penalty are also presented.
Capital punishment
The document discusses capital punishment in India. It outlines several common execution methods such as gas chamber, electric chair, and lethal injection. It notes that between 1975-1991 around 40 people were executed in India, though the exact number is disputed. The document also discusses the Indian Penal Code provisions for which capital punishment is allowed and some controversial Supreme Court cases related to the death penalty. More than two-thirds of countries have abolished the death penalty in law or practice, with 140 countries total being abolitionist. The document concludes by arguing that the death penalty is a cruel punishment and that India should review its stance on capital punishment.
Social Stratification
The document discusses the history of racial segregation and discrimination in the United States, from the Jim Crow era to the Civil Rights era. It analyzes the criminal justice system and argues that it serves to maintain inequality and control the poor rather than prevent crime. Incarceration rates in the US are the highest in the world and criminalization of minor offenses disproportionately impacts poor and minority communities. The failure to address the root causes of crime and provide support for rehabilitation means the system sets people up for reoffending.
Assignment 4
The document discusses arguments for and against the death penalty. It notes that while some argue the death penalty deters crime, others argue it is an inhumane punishment that risks executing innocent people. It also discusses the high financial costs of pursuing capital punishment cases, with some counties forced to cut other services to pay for expensive death penalty prosecutions and trials. Fifteen states have abolished the death penalty and have lower murder rates compared to states that retain capital punishment.
Should the Capital Punishment be removed or not?
Should Capital Punishment be removed from the existing Indian Law or not?
The topic itself is quite 'debatable'.
However, I managed to substantiate it a bit with some information collected from the Internet, still was not satisfied with the outcome. So, I made a survey on the common people of Bhubaneswar to know what they want.
I took down the datas collected from their yes/no response and compiled them into a graph which gave me a much clearer overview.
I hope that my presentation might be helpful to you all and know the current scenario of people's mindset to some extent.
Thank you.
By Rajdeep Banerjee
Capital punishment
This document discusses capital punishment and provides arguments for and against it. It begins by defining capital punishment and how it is carried out in India and other countries. It then summarizes two recent high-profile executions in India. The document outlines several offenses that are punishable by death under the Indian Penal Code and provides opinions both in support of and against capital punishment. It also gives statistics on global usage of the death penalty. The conclusion discusses the debate around capital punishment and the view that it is a barbaric practice that has failed to deter crime.
Ppt chapter 15
This document provides a brief history and overview of capital punishment. It discusses how the death penalty has been used throughout history and how views on it have changed over time, especially in the 18th century Enlightenment. It also summarizes several important Supreme Court cases that have shaped the application of the death penalty in the US. Finally, it covers current death row practices and procedures, as well as topics like public opinion, juveniles receiving the death penalty, and executing the mentally disabled.
Death penalty
The document discusses the history and use of the death penalty. It notes that the earliest references to the death penalty come from the Code of Hammurabi from the 18th century BC, which listed 25 crimes punishable by death such as boiling, burning, hanging, and drawing. By the 10th century, hanging became the predominant method of execution in Britain. Some countries still use the death penalty for acts of terrorism and murder. However, critics argue that the death penalty is discriminatory as poor people and racial/religious minorities are more likely to receive it due to unfair treatment in legal systems. It is also used politically by some governments to punish opponents. The document concludes that only God can judge people and that the death penalty
DEATH PENALTY
The document discusses constitutional guarantees against excessive fines, cruel, degrading, and inhuman punishment under Philippine law. It prohibits imposing death penalty unless authorized by Congress for compelling reasons involving heinous crimes. It outlines arguments for and against death penalty, including whether it is a deterrent or deprives chance of rehabilitation.
Capital punishment
Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the execution of criminals convicted of capital crimes by the state. It has been used throughout history as punishment for serious offenses like murder. While many nations have abolished it, some still practice capital punishment for certain crimes. There are moral, practical, and legal arguments both for and against its use. Supporters argue it deters serious crimes and ensures justice, while opponents argue it is an unreliable and inhumane violation of a basic right to life. The morality of the practice is widely debated around issues of fairness, error, and the sanctity of human life.
Capital punishment
The document discusses capital punishment and its history. It provides details on forms of execution such as lethal injection, electrocution, and hanging. The document examines theories for why governments punish criminals, such as vengeance, retribution, deterrence, and incapacitation. It argues that the death penalty deters crime and prevents recidivism. Examples of political figures who received capital punishment are given.
Jury nullification cja 344
The document discusses jury nullification and whether ethnicity influences courtroom proceedings. It provides background on two issues regarding race and the criminal justice system: that minorities receive harsher sentences than whites, and dissatisfaction with public defender services and plea bargaining. The document also discusses a case where three teens were acquitted of serious charges in the beating death of a Mexican immigrant, which elicited cheers. Scholars are discussed who view ethnicity-based jury nullification as either a way to vote against injustice or as a danger to society.
Capital punishment
Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the process by which a person is executed by the state as punishment for a crime. Historically, capital punishment was practiced by most societies and accompanied by torture and public executions. Currently, 58 nations actively practice capital punishment, while 140 countries have abolished it either in law or practice. The use of the death penalty remains highly controversial and debated in various countries and regions.
Race-Based Jury Nullification
The document discusses race-based jury nullification, where jurors vote to acquit a defendant based on their race rather than the facts of the case. Both arguments for and against race-based jury nullification are presented. Examples of cases where race-based nullification may have occurred include the 1931 Scottsboro trial and the 1992 Rodney King beating trial. While race-based nullification could allow guilty offenders to go free or innocent people to be convicted based on biases, others argue it provides flexibility for community standards and has occurred historically.
Capital punishment
This document provides a historical overview of capital punishment practices around the world from ancient times to present day. It describes some of the earliest death penalty laws and methods of execution, including beheading and stoning referenced in Hammurabi's Code and ancient Egypt. Various cultures are discussed such as the Greeks, Romans, Mongols, during the Dark Ages and Colonial Era. Famous execution methods like the guillotine, electric chair, gas chamber, firing squad, and lethal injection are summarized. It also mentions the UN's resolution calling for a moratorium on the death penalty and debates around reforming penal systems.
Courts
This document provides an overview of the US legal system and Supreme Court. It discusses how laws are created and categorized, the roles and jurisdictions of different courts, factors considered in Supreme Court nominations, models of Supreme Court decision making, and types of opinions issued. The key points are that laws aim to provide security and order in society, the Supreme Court has both original and appellate jurisdiction, and the President considers ideology and competence in nominations.
The Judiciary
This document provides an overview of the key concepts in political science and constitutional law. It discusses the purposes of law in providing security, predictability, and enforcing societal values. It also summarizes different types of laws and legal systems in the US, including substantive and procedural law. Key concepts in criminal and civil law are defined. The structure and jurisdiction of the US court system, from trial courts to the Supreme Court, are outlined. Factors in the Supreme Court nomination process and models of judicial decision-making are also summarized.
Courts
This document outlines key concepts about the US legal system and Supreme Court. It discusses the purposes of law in providing security, predictability, and enforcing societal values. It also defines different types of laws and crimes, the structure and jurisdiction of courts, and factors that influence Supreme Court nominations and decision-making. The Supreme Court has the power of judicial review to determine if laws are constitutional, establishing it as a check on the other branches of government.
Crime
Violent crime in the US decreased 3% in 2003 and has been declining for over a decade, though the murder rate increased slightly from 2004 to 2005. Overall crime has dropped 50% in the last 10 years. The US imprisons more of its population than any other country, with over 2 million incarcerated, and the recidivism rate within 3 years of release is 57%. Racial disparities exist in the criminal justice system, with African Americans making up a disproportionate percentage of the prison population compared to the general population.
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Capital punishment (1)
The document provides a lengthy history of capital punishment in the United States from its earliest use by European settlers through its modern application. It details how the death penalty was applied for various crimes over time, public and legal debates around its use and constitutionality, and methods of execution that have been utilized. The document also includes statistics on death row populations and executions in recent decades by state.
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- An average of 20 Americans die daily from gun violence. Gun deaths far exceed those from terrorism in the US.
- While federal laws regulate gun ownership, state laws vary in their permissiveness around open and concealed carry. The powerful NRA lobby works against increased gun control.
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AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTYStephen B. BrightAttorney Stephen B. Br.pdf
AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY
Stephen B. Bright
Attorney Stephen B. Bright is a visiting lecturer at Yale Law School, and President of the
Southern Center for Human Rights. In the essay below, he argues that the death penalty today is
still as arbitrary as it was decades ago, and it should be abolished. Pursuing the death penalty is
based on the decision of individual prosecutors, and juries in white communities hand down
death penalty verdicts more than those in mixed communities. He argues that wrongful
convictions frequently occur and result from poor legal representation, mistaken identifications,
the unreliable testimony of informants who swap their testimony for lenient treatment, and police
and prosecutorial misconduct.” Further, according to Bright, the death penalty does not deter
since murderers are not the kind of people who rationally assess risks, and, even if they were,
they don’t have the right information about the death penalty to make a reasoned judgment.
. . . This is a most appropriate time to assess the costs and benefits of the death penalty. Thirty
years ago, in 1976, the Supreme Court allowed the resumption of capital punishment after
declaring it unconstitutional four years earlier in Furman v. Georgia. Laws passed in response to
Furman were supposed to correct the constitutional defects identified in 1972. However, 30 years
of experience has demonstrated that those laws have failed to do so.
The death penalty is still arbitrary. It\'s still discriminatory. It is still imposed almost
exclusively upon poor people represented by court-appointed lawyers. In many cases the
capabilities of the lawyer have more to do with whether the death penalty is imposed than the
crime. The system is still fallible in deciding both guilt and punishment. In addition, the death
penalty is costly and is not accomplishing anything. And it is beneath a society that has a
reverence for life and recognizes that no human being is beyond redemption.
Many supporters of capital punishment, after years of struggling to make the system
work, have had sober second thoughts about it. Justice Sandra Day O\'Connor, who leaves the
Supreme Court after 25 years of distinguished service, has observed that \"serious questions are
being raised about whether the death penalty is being fairly administered in this country\" and
that \"the system may well be allowing some innocent defendants to be executed.\" Justices
Lewis Powell and Harry Blackmun also voted to uphold death sentences as members of the
court, but eventually came to the conclusion, as Justice Blackmun put it, that \"the death penalty
experiment has failed.\'\"
The Birmingham News announced in November that after years of supporting the death penalty
it could no longer do so \"[b]ecause we have come to believe Alabama\'s capital punishment
system is broken. And because, first and foremost, this newspaper\'s editorial board is committed
to a culture of life.\" . . .
The death penalty is not imposed to .
Capital punishment
1) The document discusses the debate around capital punishment in the U.S., outlining arguments from both proponents and opponents.
2) Proponents argue that capital punishment deters crimes, is a just punishment for severe crimes like murder, and prevents criminals from committing additional crimes. Opponents argue it risks executing innocent people and is unfairly applied, often in a racially discriminatory manner.
3) The document also notes the high financial costs of the death penalty system compared to life imprisonment without parole as an argument against capital punishment.
Democratic Party Platform
The current Platform of the Democratic Party. 49% of Americans say the Democratic Party is “too liberal”; current trends point to a polarization of the Democratic Party that began with "Reagan Democrats" in the 1980s. This polarization indicates the possibility of a future split within the party of "Democrats" and "Socialists". Many policies in the party today mirror the far left policies of European socialist parties.
RACE, ETHNICITY, AND THE DEATH PENALTYConstitutionality.docx
RACE, ETHNICITY, AND THE DEATH
PENALTY
Constitutionality
Public Opinion
Empirical Evidence
OVERVIEW
• Current statistics
• Who’s on death row?
• Constitutionality of capital punishment
• Supreme Court case law
• Public attitudes towards capital punishment
• Racialized support
• Empirical evidence of racial bias?
• Race of defendant
• Race of victim
• Contemporary issues
Virginia abolished the death
penalty in 2021.
Current state status:
• Death penalty = 24
• No death penalty = 23
• Governor imposed
moratorium = 3
Death Penalty Information Center, 2021
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT STATISTICS
• 1890-1984
• 5,726 executions – 54% (2,915) non-White
• Between 1976 and 2021 (post-Furman)
• 1,538 people executed
• 55.6% White, 34.3% Black, 8.4% Hispanic
• Five states have accounted for nearly two-thirds of all executions since 1977
• Texas, Virginia, Oklahoma, Florida, and Missouri
• 2,508 inmates under a death sentence as of April 1, 2021
• 98% male
• 42.37% White, 41.29% Black, 13.5% Latinx
• 51 females under a sentence of death in 2021
• 58.8% White, 23.5% Black; 11.7% Latina
BJS, 2021; Death Penalty Information Center, 2021
CONSTITUTIONALITY
• The Eighth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution prohibits “cruel and unusual punishments”
• Interpretations of cruel and unusual left up to the Supreme Court
• The Fourteenth Amendment provides equal protection of the law
• Legal challenges cite racial disparities in capital cases
• Furman v. Georgia (1972)
• Ruled the death penalty unconstitutional under existing administration practices
• Violation of Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments
• 5 to 4 decision; all 9 judges wrote separate opinions
• The death penalty was being applied in an arbitrary and capricious manner
• Little uniformity across states
• Lack of appropriate guidance for jurors informing when the sentence was appropriate
• The degree of discretion available opened the door for discrimination
• 3 of 5 judges in the majority cited racial discrimination in the application of the penalty
Walker et al., 2018
CONSTITUTIONALITY (CONT’D)
• Capital punishment was essentially illegal between 1972 and 1976
• Furman invalidated death penalty statutes in 39 states, DC, and the federal government
• Vacated 765 cases involving death row inmates
• Gregg v. Georgia (1976)
• Guided discretion statutes addressed the arbitrary and capricious concerns
• Requiring jurors to consider specific aggravating and mitigating circumstances sufficiently narrowed
the pool of death eligible cases
• Narrowed death-eligible offenses with mandatory death penalty ruled unconstitutional
• Coker v. Georgia (1977)
• Capital punishment for rape is unconstitutional
• Although not cited by the majority, between 1930 and the 1970s, 405 Black men were
executed in the South for rape, compared to 48 Whites
Walker et al., 2018
PUBLIC SUPPORT FOR CAPITAL PUNISHMENT
• Public opinion matters
• CJ actors weigh public opi.
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Death penalty
- 2. • As of September 2008, there were over 3,100 individuals on state and federal death rows. Source 1
- 3. • The United States is one of 58 nations that still practices capital punishment, along with Ethiopia, Afghanistan and North Korea. Japan and India are the only other major democratic nations that carry out this form of punishment. • Seven of those countries allow it only in the case of "exceptional crimes," such as one committed under military law. Thirty-five others allow it for "ordinary" crimes such as murder, but have not carried out an execution in at least 10 years and "are believed to have a policy or established practice of not carrying out executions”.
- 4. • Capital punishment is still legal in 32 states. Maryland was the latest to outlaw the death penalty in 2013, though the ruling was not retroactive; the five inmates on death row there are still due to be executed. • The same is true for Connecticut and New Mexico, which outlawed the death penalty in 2012 and 2009, respectively. Connecticut's 11 death row prisoners and New Mexico's two are still up for execution by the state.
- 5. • Texas has carried out the most executions in the U.S. since 1976, when the U.S. Supreme Court reinstated the death penalty, executing 515 people. • Virginia and Oklahoma have executed 110 people each over the same time frame, with Florida executing 86 inmates and Missouri executing 74. • Texas, it should be noted, has executed more people than all those states combined.
- 6. • More than half of all Americans support the death penalty (55%), marking a significant decline from 1996, when 78% of the U.S. favoured capital punishment. • Today, 37% of Americans oppose it. • Though the population as a whole is slightly in favour of capital punishment , some prominent minority groups are not. • Just 40% of Hispanics support the death penalty, as opposed to 50% who oppose it. For African Americans, those numbers are an even greater contrast to the general population. Only 36% favour it, compared with 55% who oppose it.
- 7. • Florida, South Carolina and Virginia allow inmates to choose between lethal injection and electrocution. • Missouri allows death by lethal gas — although the law doesn't specify who gets to choose the method. • Inmates on death row in Alabama can request the electric chair. • In California and Wyoming, they can ask for lethal gas. • If there's nobody to administer a lethal injection in New Hampshire, prisoners can be hanged. • Death row inmates in Washington can ask for the gallows, too. • Oklahoma allows electrocution if lethal injection should ever become unconstitutional. • Utah has a similar clause, but favours a firing squad instead of the chair.
- 9. Resources • http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/ACT50/010/2007/en/f14c87db-d3a2-11dd-a329- 2f46302a8cc6/act500102007en.pdf • https://www.aclu.org/capital-punishment/death-penalty-questions-and-answers • http://napavalleyregister.com/news/opinion/mailbag/six-questions-and-answers-ahead- of-death-penalty-vote/article_662c3de2-8201-11e1-9713-001a4bcf887a.html • http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2257579/Sir-Trevor-McDonalds-chilling-encounter- Death-Row-killer-Ronald-L-Sanford-Indiana-State-Prison.html • http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2013-01-17/trevor-mcdonald-recalls-his-haunting-experience- visiting-murderers-on-death-row