The document provides guidance on optimizing key performance indicators (KPIs) such as call setup success rate (CSSR). It discusses analyzing CSSR by examining its components like SDCCH drop rate. A high SDCCH drop rate can be caused by hardware issues, interference, or transmission problems. The document recommends checking specific counters and alarms to determine the root cause, and describes potential fixes like moving SDCCH channels or adjusting parameters. Overall, the document outlines a process for identifying underperforming cells, analyzing relevant KPIs and counters, and addressing issues to improve network optimization.
Training material for vms nsn project rev 0.2 20110906Hieu Tran
This document provides training materials for the VMS-NSN power system project. It includes sections on system introduction, quick installation and parameter setting, controller introduction, NRMS software introduction, troubleshooting and maintenance, and Q&A. Diagrams and specifications are provided for indoor and outdoor power system configurations. Key components like rectifiers, controllers, distribution units, and alarms are described.
This document provides step-by-step instructions for performing Rel-5 transmitter and receiver characteristic tests and performance tests according to 3GPP TS 34.121 using the R&S CMU200 instrument. It describes the generic call setup for the transmitter characteristic tests using a 12.2 kbps reference measurement channel. Test cases that require additional instruments like a fading simulator are also discussed. Example measurement configurations and test parameters for each test are provided.
DATA RATE ANALYSIS AND COMPARING THE EFFECT OF FOG AND SNOW FOR FREE SPACE OP...IJEEE
In this paper the combined effect of specific attenuation due to Fog and Snow on FSO and RF links is considered. Optical wave attenuation due to low atmospheric visibility conditions causes a performance degradation of free space optical (FSO) communication systems.
Performance Evaluation of Free Space Optical link under various weather condi...Saloni Bhatia
This document analyzes the performance of a free space optical (FSO) communication link under various weather conditions through numerical simulation and software simulation. It finds that fog, snow, and rain cause attenuation that degrades the bit error rate and link margin of the FSO system. Specifically:
- Attenuation increases significantly for heavy fog and snow compared to light fog and rain.
- The achievable data rate and transmission distance decrease for heavier weather conditions like fog and clouds compared to lighter conditions like haze.
- Link margin, which is the difference between received and required power levels, is lower for higher data rates and worse weather.
- The bit error rate performance worsens with increasing data rate
This document discusses the growing importance of data centers in supporting the digital economy. It notes that global investment in data centers grew 8% to $151.3 billion in 2012-2013, with Asia Pacific growing 6.8%. Data centers are crucial hubs where large amounts of data are collected, stored, and analyzed. However, challenges for data centers include coping with higher data volumes and workloads, ensuring high availability and reliability, and securely handling growing amounts of sensitive business data and information. Looking ahead, issues involve building flexible storage infrastructure and aligning data center operations with business needs.
Disruptive Technologies: International Economic Development Council (IEDC) 20...amberguitrau
As part of the 2014 IEDC Leadership Summit, Jon Roberts, TIP's Principal & Managing Director of TIP Strategies, presented an analysis of disruptive technologies and how economic developers might benefit from considering the affect that such technologies have on the labor pool, the supply chain, and social norms.
Digital technology is evolving rapidly, leading to the
emergence of new services and applications that
are transforming the way people live, work, play and
communicate. Beyond basic web browsing, which
revolutionised the way people accessed and shared
information in the 1990s, the emerging digital
era is based on the interconnection of multiple
devices over intelligent networks, enabling users to
seamlessly interact with a variety of interoperable
services. The large-scale societal adoption and
utilisation of digital technologies is a key driver
of measurable economic, social and cultural
value, including increased productivity, a rise in
employment rates, improved security, and greater
capacity to tackle social and environmental issues.
The document provides guidance on optimizing key performance indicators (KPIs) such as call setup success rate (CSSR). It discusses analyzing CSSR by examining its components like SDCCH drop rate. A high SDCCH drop rate can be caused by hardware issues, interference, or transmission problems. The document recommends checking specific counters and alarms to determine the root cause, and describes potential fixes like moving SDCCH channels or adjusting parameters. Overall, the document outlines a process for identifying underperforming cells, analyzing relevant KPIs and counters, and addressing issues to improve network optimization.
Training material for vms nsn project rev 0.2 20110906Hieu Tran
This document provides training materials for the VMS-NSN power system project. It includes sections on system introduction, quick installation and parameter setting, controller introduction, NRMS software introduction, troubleshooting and maintenance, and Q&A. Diagrams and specifications are provided for indoor and outdoor power system configurations. Key components like rectifiers, controllers, distribution units, and alarms are described.
This document provides step-by-step instructions for performing Rel-5 transmitter and receiver characteristic tests and performance tests according to 3GPP TS 34.121 using the R&S CMU200 instrument. It describes the generic call setup for the transmitter characteristic tests using a 12.2 kbps reference measurement channel. Test cases that require additional instruments like a fading simulator are also discussed. Example measurement configurations and test parameters for each test are provided.
DATA RATE ANALYSIS AND COMPARING THE EFFECT OF FOG AND SNOW FOR FREE SPACE OP...IJEEE
In this paper the combined effect of specific attenuation due to Fog and Snow on FSO and RF links is considered. Optical wave attenuation due to low atmospheric visibility conditions causes a performance degradation of free space optical (FSO) communication systems.
Performance Evaluation of Free Space Optical link under various weather condi...Saloni Bhatia
This document analyzes the performance of a free space optical (FSO) communication link under various weather conditions through numerical simulation and software simulation. It finds that fog, snow, and rain cause attenuation that degrades the bit error rate and link margin of the FSO system. Specifically:
- Attenuation increases significantly for heavy fog and snow compared to light fog and rain.
- The achievable data rate and transmission distance decrease for heavier weather conditions like fog and clouds compared to lighter conditions like haze.
- Link margin, which is the difference between received and required power levels, is lower for higher data rates and worse weather.
- The bit error rate performance worsens with increasing data rate
This document discusses the growing importance of data centers in supporting the digital economy. It notes that global investment in data centers grew 8% to $151.3 billion in 2012-2013, with Asia Pacific growing 6.8%. Data centers are crucial hubs where large amounts of data are collected, stored, and analyzed. However, challenges for data centers include coping with higher data volumes and workloads, ensuring high availability and reliability, and securely handling growing amounts of sensitive business data and information. Looking ahead, issues involve building flexible storage infrastructure and aligning data center operations with business needs.
Disruptive Technologies: International Economic Development Council (IEDC) 20...amberguitrau
As part of the 2014 IEDC Leadership Summit, Jon Roberts, TIP's Principal & Managing Director of TIP Strategies, presented an analysis of disruptive technologies and how economic developers might benefit from considering the affect that such technologies have on the labor pool, the supply chain, and social norms.
Digital technology is evolving rapidly, leading to the
emergence of new services and applications that
are transforming the way people live, work, play and
communicate. Beyond basic web browsing, which
revolutionised the way people accessed and shared
information in the 1990s, the emerging digital
era is based on the interconnection of multiple
devices over intelligent networks, enabling users to
seamlessly interact with a variety of interoperable
services. The large-scale societal adoption and
utilisation of digital technologies is a key driver
of measurable economic, social and cultural
value, including increased productivity, a rise in
employment rates, improved security, and greater
capacity to tackle social and environmental issues.
This document provides information on establishing and managing a restaurant as a career option for Nigerian youth. It discusses preliminary considerations such as conducting a feasibility study and self-analysis. Location, facilities, equipment, and methods of cooking for the restaurant are also addressed. The document outlines the key components of a food service operation and different food service systems that can be adopted, such as conventional, commissary, and ready-prepared food systems.
Reformasi regulasi di sektor telekomunikasi Indonesia telah menciptakan persaingan yang lebih besar di industri tersebut dengan menghapus monopoli dan memfasilitasi masuknya operator baru, walaupun beberapa operator masih mendominasi pasar. Regulasi terus dikembangkan untuk mendukung pertumbuhan dan konvergensi teknologi di industri ini."
The Cisco Firepower Management Center provides centralized management of Cisco network security solutions such as firewalls, intrusion prevention, and advanced malware protection. It collects extensive network intelligence, analyzes vulnerabilities, and provides policy recommendations. The Management Center offers unified policy management, superior threat intelligence, application visibility and control, and reporting/dashboards. It is available as a physical or virtual appliance and supports various Cisco security products.
This document summarizes Cisco's Visual Networking Index (VNI) Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast for 2012-2017. Some key points:
1) Global mobile data traffic will increase 13-fold from 2012 to 2017, reaching 11.2 exabytes per month by 2017.
2) Factors driving this growth include more mobile users, faster mobile speeds, more mobile connections, and increased mobile video usage.
3) By 2017, smartphones will account for 67.5% of global mobile data traffic, up from 50.3% in 2012. 4G connections will generate 45% of traffic while only representing 10% of total connections.
Feature adaptive configuration of traffic channel power offset for hsupa perf...Ketut Widya
This document discusses a feature called Adaptive Configuration of Traffic Channel Power offset for HSUPA that was activated on September 16, 2014. The feature dynamically configures power control parameters for the uplink data channel to increase HSUPA capacity. After activation, PS payload decreased by 7.1-11.5% but HSPA payload increased by 14.6-16.9%. Average RTWP and throughput also improved. However, accessibility was slightly degraded due to existing transmission packet loss.
Og 103 test and analysis of gsm electromagnetic background issue1.0Ketut Widya
In the GSM system, to extend the capacity, perform frequency reuse. If the frequency reuse is more aggressive, the network capacity becomes more large. If the reuse distance is shorter, the interference becomes stronger.
The interference has obvious impacts on call quality, call drop rate, handover, and congestion. If there is a strong interference in the band, clear frequency or apply for new frequency.
Mobile broadband services are undergoing a period of dramatic growth causing a tremendous increase in data traffic. This rising tide of traffic is being driven by the growing number of mobile subscribers, particularly smartphone users, who are connecting to faster networks and consuming bandwidth-hungry video content.
This document discusses a Free Space Optical (FSO) communication system and proposes addressing atmospheric attenuation for the LaserFire FSO system. It begins with an abstract and table of contents. It then provides background on FSO communication, advantages over other systems, and how FSO works. The document proposes using wavelength selection and good light sources to minimize scattering and absorption effects to compensate for atmospheric challenges over long ranges.
The OptiX OSN 8800 is an intelligent transport platform that integrates optical transport network (OTN), wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), and synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) technologies. It provides high bandwidth connectivity and services for network operators. The platform offers flexibility, scalability, and efficiency to support 5G, cloud, and internet traffic growth.
Adaptive configuration of traffic channel power offset for hsupaKetut Widya
The offset of E-DPDCH power relative to DPCCH RX power is one of the major factors that determine the DPCCH RX power. A UE in low-rate little retransmission state requires less DPCCH RX power than it does in high-rate little retransmission state.
Og 002 service flow of radio network planning issue1.1Ketut Widya
Know the flow of radio network planning
Grasp the key parts of the stages of radio network planning
Make the radio network planning be more standard and controllable
Dokumen tersebut membahas arahan kebijakan dan strategi pemerintah untuk mempercepat pembangunan kawasan timur Indonesia dari tahun 2015-2019. Strateginya meliputi pengembangan pusat-pusat pertumbuhan ekonomi di setiap koridor ekonomi, percepatan pembangunan infrastruktur untuk menghubungkan wilayah-wilayah tersebut, serta pengembangan sumber daya manusia dan teknologi di kawasan timur.
Free Space Optical communication - FSO IEEE paper Ahmed OM
This document discusses free space optics (FSO) communication systems. FSO systems transmit data via light beams in free space, without the need for fiber optic cables. They offer high bandwidth but the transmission is affected by atmospheric factors like rain, fog, and haze. The document examines using multiple beams in an FSO system to improve link performance during heavy rain or fog. It analyzes the performance of a hybrid wavelength division multiplexing and multibeam FSO system with 16 wavelengths and 4 spatially diverse beams to overcome atmospheric attenuation issues in tropical regions.
Six in ten people in Asia Pacific subscribed
to mobile services in 2015
At the end of 2015, 62% of the population in Asia
Pacific (2.5 billion individuals) subscribed to mobile
services. The region’s four dominant markets
– China, India, Indonesia and Japan – together
accounted for more than three-quarters of the
region’s total subscriber base. Growth rates in the
region are set to remain above the global average,
with Asia Pacific adding more than 600 million new
subscribers by 2020. The focus of growth will shift
to South and South-East Asia; India alone is set to
add just under 250 million new subscribers by the
end of the decade.
Og for sdh ason network management (v100 r002c01-02)Nicat Mikayilov
This document provides an overview and instructions for configuring and managing SDH ASON networks using the iManager U2000 network management system. It describes ASON concepts and protocols, how to create an ASON topology and domains, manage link resources and services, and configure the migration of services between traditional and ASON networks. The document also covers UNI, OVPN, and data import/export functions.
Free space optics (FSO) uses lasers to transmit data through the air instead of through fiber optic cables. It can carry full duplex data at gigabit per second rates over distances of a few city blocks or kilometers. FSO overcomes the "last mile" access bottleneck by sending high-bitrate signals through the air. Data rates comparable to fiber transmission can be achieved with very low error rates using narrow laser beams. While FSO links between buildings have been established, applications for mobile and long-range use face challenges from factors like fog, physical obstructions, and need for precise pointing and tracking.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
This document provides information on establishing and managing a restaurant as a career option for Nigerian youth. It discusses preliminary considerations such as conducting a feasibility study and self-analysis. Location, facilities, equipment, and methods of cooking for the restaurant are also addressed. The document outlines the key components of a food service operation and different food service systems that can be adopted, such as conventional, commissary, and ready-prepared food systems.
Reformasi regulasi di sektor telekomunikasi Indonesia telah menciptakan persaingan yang lebih besar di industri tersebut dengan menghapus monopoli dan memfasilitasi masuknya operator baru, walaupun beberapa operator masih mendominasi pasar. Regulasi terus dikembangkan untuk mendukung pertumbuhan dan konvergensi teknologi di industri ini."
The Cisco Firepower Management Center provides centralized management of Cisco network security solutions such as firewalls, intrusion prevention, and advanced malware protection. It collects extensive network intelligence, analyzes vulnerabilities, and provides policy recommendations. The Management Center offers unified policy management, superior threat intelligence, application visibility and control, and reporting/dashboards. It is available as a physical or virtual appliance and supports various Cisco security products.
This document summarizes Cisco's Visual Networking Index (VNI) Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast for 2012-2017. Some key points:
1) Global mobile data traffic will increase 13-fold from 2012 to 2017, reaching 11.2 exabytes per month by 2017.
2) Factors driving this growth include more mobile users, faster mobile speeds, more mobile connections, and increased mobile video usage.
3) By 2017, smartphones will account for 67.5% of global mobile data traffic, up from 50.3% in 2012. 4G connections will generate 45% of traffic while only representing 10% of total connections.
Feature adaptive configuration of traffic channel power offset for hsupa perf...Ketut Widya
This document discusses a feature called Adaptive Configuration of Traffic Channel Power offset for HSUPA that was activated on September 16, 2014. The feature dynamically configures power control parameters for the uplink data channel to increase HSUPA capacity. After activation, PS payload decreased by 7.1-11.5% but HSPA payload increased by 14.6-16.9%. Average RTWP and throughput also improved. However, accessibility was slightly degraded due to existing transmission packet loss.
Og 103 test and analysis of gsm electromagnetic background issue1.0Ketut Widya
In the GSM system, to extend the capacity, perform frequency reuse. If the frequency reuse is more aggressive, the network capacity becomes more large. If the reuse distance is shorter, the interference becomes stronger.
The interference has obvious impacts on call quality, call drop rate, handover, and congestion. If there is a strong interference in the band, clear frequency or apply for new frequency.
Mobile broadband services are undergoing a period of dramatic growth causing a tremendous increase in data traffic. This rising tide of traffic is being driven by the growing number of mobile subscribers, particularly smartphone users, who are connecting to faster networks and consuming bandwidth-hungry video content.
This document discusses a Free Space Optical (FSO) communication system and proposes addressing atmospheric attenuation for the LaserFire FSO system. It begins with an abstract and table of contents. It then provides background on FSO communication, advantages over other systems, and how FSO works. The document proposes using wavelength selection and good light sources to minimize scattering and absorption effects to compensate for atmospheric challenges over long ranges.
The OptiX OSN 8800 is an intelligent transport platform that integrates optical transport network (OTN), wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), and synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) technologies. It provides high bandwidth connectivity and services for network operators. The platform offers flexibility, scalability, and efficiency to support 5G, cloud, and internet traffic growth.
Adaptive configuration of traffic channel power offset for hsupaKetut Widya
The offset of E-DPDCH power relative to DPCCH RX power is one of the major factors that determine the DPCCH RX power. A UE in low-rate little retransmission state requires less DPCCH RX power than it does in high-rate little retransmission state.
Og 002 service flow of radio network planning issue1.1Ketut Widya
Know the flow of radio network planning
Grasp the key parts of the stages of radio network planning
Make the radio network planning be more standard and controllable
Dokumen tersebut membahas arahan kebijakan dan strategi pemerintah untuk mempercepat pembangunan kawasan timur Indonesia dari tahun 2015-2019. Strateginya meliputi pengembangan pusat-pusat pertumbuhan ekonomi di setiap koridor ekonomi, percepatan pembangunan infrastruktur untuk menghubungkan wilayah-wilayah tersebut, serta pengembangan sumber daya manusia dan teknologi di kawasan timur.
Free Space Optical communication - FSO IEEE paper Ahmed OM
This document discusses free space optics (FSO) communication systems. FSO systems transmit data via light beams in free space, without the need for fiber optic cables. They offer high bandwidth but the transmission is affected by atmospheric factors like rain, fog, and haze. The document examines using multiple beams in an FSO system to improve link performance during heavy rain or fog. It analyzes the performance of a hybrid wavelength division multiplexing and multibeam FSO system with 16 wavelengths and 4 spatially diverse beams to overcome atmospheric attenuation issues in tropical regions.
Six in ten people in Asia Pacific subscribed
to mobile services in 2015
At the end of 2015, 62% of the population in Asia
Pacific (2.5 billion individuals) subscribed to mobile
services. The region’s four dominant markets
– China, India, Indonesia and Japan – together
accounted for more than three-quarters of the
region’s total subscriber base. Growth rates in the
region are set to remain above the global average,
with Asia Pacific adding more than 600 million new
subscribers by 2020. The focus of growth will shift
to South and South-East Asia; India alone is set to
add just under 250 million new subscribers by the
end of the decade.
Og for sdh ason network management (v100 r002c01-02)Nicat Mikayilov
This document provides an overview and instructions for configuring and managing SDH ASON networks using the iManager U2000 network management system. It describes ASON concepts and protocols, how to create an ASON topology and domains, manage link resources and services, and configure the migration of services between traditional and ASON networks. The document also covers UNI, OVPN, and data import/export functions.
Free space optics (FSO) uses lasers to transmit data through the air instead of through fiber optic cables. It can carry full duplex data at gigabit per second rates over distances of a few city blocks or kilometers. FSO overcomes the "last mile" access bottleneck by sending high-bitrate signals through the air. Data rates comparable to fiber transmission can be achieved with very low error rates using narrow laser beams. While FSO links between buildings have been established, applications for mobile and long-range use face challenges from factors like fog, physical obstructions, and need for precise pointing and tracking.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.