Day one presentation of the Building Internet of things with Arduino training held at the University of Dodoma Tanzania.

1. BUILDING INTERNET OF THINGSNWITH THE ARDUINO AND ATMEL AVR MICROCONTROLLER
Anthony FaustineSambaiga(AL, UDOM)
Bsc. ECS (UDSM), Msc. TE (UDOM)
Research Interest: WSAN, M2M, Smart grid Communications and ICT4D.
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2. Training Introduction
TheevolutionofcommunicationtechnologiesbringInternetconnectiontodevicesatlowercost,lesspowerconsumptionandsmallersizes.
•AstheresultsdevicesareabletobepartsofthesocalledInternetofThings(IoT).
Arduino:flexiblemicro-controlleranddevelopmentenvironment.
•Usedtocontroldevices,andtoreaddatafromallkindsofsensors.
ArduinoisthebestwaytobeintroducedtotheIoT
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3. Aim
•IntroductiontoIoTandCloudComputing.
•IntroductiontotheworldofArduino.
•SeehowtodevelopIoTapplicationusingAtmelAVRmicrocontrollerwithArduinobootloader.
•SeehowtoconnectArduinototheCloud.
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4. Coverage
•IntroductiontotheInternetofThings(IoT)
•ArduinoMicrocontrollerPlatform
•ArduinoDevelopmentEnvironment
•Digital&AnalogInputs/Output
•ReadingDataFromSensors
•IntroductiontoAtmelAtmega328
•ConnectingArduinototheInternet
•CloudComputingandIoT
•Wheretobuyequipment
•TakingyourprototypetocommercialProduct
•Projectworks
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5. Internet of Things
Imaginehavingsmalldeviceconnectedthatcansensetemperature,smoke,humidity,andlightconditionofyourroomandreportthemtoawebservices:
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6. Internet of Things
TheInternetofThings,alsocalledTheInternetofObjects:
•Aglobalnetworkofsmartdevicesthatcansenseandinteractwiththeirenvironmentusinginternetfortheircommunicationandinteraction.
•AnetworkofPhysicalObjectsthatcaninteractwitheachothertoshareinformationandtakeAction.
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7. Internet of Things Concept
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8. IoT Device
RequirementscommontoallofIoTDeviceinclude
•Sensinganddatacollectioncapability(sensingnodes)
•Layersoflocalembeddedprocessingcapability(localembeddedprocessingnodes)
•Wiredand/orwirelesscommunicationcapability(connectivitynodes)
•Softwaretoautomatetasksandenablenewclassesofservices
•Remotenetwork/cloud-basedembeddedprocessingcapability(remoteembeddedprocessingnodes)
•Fullsecurityacrossthesignalpath
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9. Functional View of IoT Technologies
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10. Feature of IoT device
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11. Interaction with The Internet
TheabilitytocommunicatedirectlyorindirectlywiththeinternetmakeIoTdevicedifferentfromotherdevices.
•Whyneedtocommunicatewithinternet??
Sensorsgeneratelotofdatathatneedtobemanaged.
Embeddedmemoryislimited
Internetprovidewebapplicationfordatastoragewhichcanbeaccessedanywhereoranytime.
Providedataexchangesbetweenotherapplications.
•TheIoTisaninteractionbetweentheinternet,things… anddata
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12. Interaction with The Internet
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13. Building Blocks of the IoT
•ControlUnits
•Sensors
•CommunicationModules
•Powersources
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14. Control Units
IoTdeviceutilizemicrocontrollerasthemaincontrolunit
•Amicrocontroller:Isasmallcomputerinasingleintegratedcircuit.
Itcontainaprocessorcore,amemory,andprogrammableI/Operipheral.
•MCU
The‘brain’controlseverything
Readsinputfromsensors
Drivesoutputs
LED,Switch,Motor,…
Communicates!
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15. Sensors
DevicethatcansensethephysicalquantitiesandconvertintosignalwhichcanbeinterpretedbytheMCU.
•Fallintotwotypes
AnalogandDigitalSensor
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16. Communication Modules
ProvideconnectivitytotheIoTdevicesandtheInternet
CommunicationbetweenIoTandtheInternetcanbeperformedintwoways.
•Thereisaninternedenabledintermediatenodecalledgateway
•TheIoTdevicehasdirectconnectiontotheInternet
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17. Communication Modules
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18. Power Sources
Thiscanpower
•Battery
•Energyharvesting
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19. IoT Examples
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19http://postscapes.com/internet-of-things-examples/

20. Arduino Microcontroller Platform
Microcontroller:
•Asmallcomputerinasingleintegratedcircuit
•Consistofprocessorcore,memoryandprogrammableI/Operipherals.
•Verycommoncomponentinmodernelectronicssystems
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21. Arduino Microcontroller Platform
ThemaincomponentsofMCU
•CPU
Mainprocessingunit
•Memory
Includetheprogramthatisbeingexecutedandisalsoavailableforstoring.
•I/Operipheral
Pinsthatcollectandgeneratedigitalsignalstoothercircuit
•Serialline(TX/RX)
AllowserialdatatobetransmittedtoorfromtheMCU
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22. Arduino Microcontroller Platform
MostMCUalsoincludes
•A/Dconverters
ToallowMCUreceiveanalogdataforprocessing
•Timers
ToallowMCUtoperformtaskforcertaintimeperiod.
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23. Arduino Microcontroller Platform
PIC
•ThisistheclassicmicrofromMicrochip.
•Verysimple,veryproven,
•Itlacksmanyofthefeaturesthatothermfg’sarebuildingintotheirchips.
AVR
•ThisisbasicallyadirectcompetitorofPICs.
•TheydoeverythingaPICdoes,
•Itisbetter,faster,cheaper,andsimpler.
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24. Arduino Microcontroller Platform
MSP
•TheseareverygoodmicrosbyTexasInstruments(TI),
•Excelatlow-powerapplications.
ARM
•Verypowerful,verylow-cost
•Itiscomplex
8051
•DevelopedbyIntelinthe1980s,
•seemstobetheinstructionsettheylovetoteachyouincollege.
•Veryoldtech
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25. Programming MCU
ThemainfunctionoftheMCUistocontrolthingsthroughI/Ointerfaces.
•ToinstructMCUwhatandhowtocontrolyouneedtoprogramit.
•MCUwasordinaryprogrammedonlyinassemblylanguages.
•ButnowadaysMCUcanbeprogrammedinhigh-levelprogramminglanguagelikeC.
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26. Programming MCU
ToprogrammeMCUyouneedaparticularhardwareknowsMCUprogrammer.
•Challengeofusingprogrammer
Theneedforspecialhardwarethatissomehowcostly
Itisdifficulttoprogram
•ThesechallengescanbeaddressedbyaBootloader
Bootloader:AsmallprogramthathasbeenloadedontotheMCU.
•ThisprogramisprogrammedjustonceintheprogrammemoryoftheMCUusingprogrammer.
•AfterthistheMCUcanbeprogrammedwithoutaprogrammer
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27. Arduino Platform
WhatisArduino?
•Anopen-sourcephysicalcomputingplatformbasedon
Asimplemicrocontrollerboardand
Adevelopmentenvironmentforwritingsoftwarefortheboard.
•Usedtodevelopstand-aloneinteractiveobjects
•ItcanbeconnectedtoacomputertoretrieveorsenddatatotheArduino.
Theboardcanbeassembledbyhandorpurchasedpreassembled.
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28. Arduino Platform
ArduinoplatformoffermainthreethingswhichmadeprogrammingoftheMCUeasy.
•AnopensourceBootloader
•OpenSchematicboards
•Adevelopmentenvironment
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29. Arduino Platform
WhyArduinousedmostly
•Itisinexpensive
•cross-platform(theArduinosoftwarerunsonWindows, MacOSX,andLinux),and
•easytoprogram.
•BothArduinohardwareandsoftwareareopensourceandextensible.
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30. Arduino Hardware
UsesAtmelMicrocontroller(AVRAtmega8andAtmega168microcontrollerchip)
•designedtobeusedwithClanguage
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31. Arduino Board
Arduinoexistinseveraldifferentboardvariants.
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32. Arduino Hardware
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33. Arduino Hardware

34. Prototyping Circuits
SolderlessBreadboard:Themostusefultoolsinanengineeror
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35. Prototyping Circuits
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36. Anatomy of a Breadboard
oDipsupport
oTerminalstrips
oPowerrails

37. Anatomy of a Breadboard
Terminalstrips
•Conductivemetalrowsthatallowcurrenttoflowfromanypointinthatstrip.
•Eachsideofagivenrowisdisconnectedfromtheother

38. Anatomy of a Breadboard
PowerRails
•Metalstripsthatareidenticaltotheonesthatrunhorizontally,excepttheyare,typically*,allconnected
•labeledwitha‘+’anda‘-
•Powerrailsoneithersidearenotconnected

39. Anatomy of a Breadboard
DIPSupport
•Thisistheravinethatisolatesthetwosidesofabreadboard
•Usefulforconnectingintegratedcircuits(ICs)

40. Hello World for a Circuit
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41. Arduino IDE
AgraphicalcrossplatformapplicationwritteninJava.
•DerivedfromtheIDEfortheprocessingprogramminglanguageandthewiringproject.
•Verysimpletouse
•RuninWindows,MacandLinux
ItconnectstotheArduinohardwaretouploadprogramsandcommunicatewiththem.

42. Arduino IDE
Installation

43. Arduino IDE

44. Arduino IDE
TouseArduinoIDE
•Writeyoursketch
•PressVerifybutton(tocheckforerrors)
•PressUploadbuttontoprogramArduinoboardwithyoursketch

45. Writing Arduino program
SoftwarewrittenusingArduinoarecalledsketches.
•LanguageisstandardC(butmadeeasy)withlotsofusefulfunctions.
•Thesesketchesarewritteninthetexteditor(IDE)andsavedwiththefileextension.ino
Atypicalsketchconsistsoftwopartsorroutines:
Theinitializationfunctioncalledsetupand
Theloopfunction
setup() –run once at beginning, set pins
loop() –run repeatedly, after setup()

46. Sketch structure
oThesetupfunction:
•Identifiedinthesketchas
•Itisthemaininitiationfunction
•Itrunonce
Example

47. Sketch structure
Theloopfunction:
•Identifiedinthesketchas
•Itisautomaticallyexecuted.
•Anythingcontainedinthisfunctionwillexecutedrepeatedly.
Example

48. Writing Arduino program

49. “hello world” of ArduinoActivity 2: Setup the Circuit as Shown Below, Open Arduino IDE and Write the sketch below. Observe what happens

50. “hello world” of Arduino
OpenArduinoIDEandwritethefollowingcode
ConnecttheArduinoboardtotheIDE

51. “hello world” of Arduino
ConnecttheArduinoboardtotheIDEbyselectingtheappropriateserialport.

52. “hello world” of Arduino
Next,double-checkthattheproperboardisselectedundertheTools=>Boardmenu.

53. “hello world” of Arduino
Uploadyourcodeandobservewhatwillhappen
•NowopenyourcodeandAdd
digitalWrite(ledPin,LOW);
delay(1000);
•Uploadyourcodeandobservewhathappen

54. “hello world” of Arduino
Uploadyourcodeandobservewhatwillhappen
•NowopenyourcodeandAdd
digitalWrite(ledPin,LOW);
delay(1000);
•Uploadyourcodeandobservewhathappen

55. Lab Session
TryaddingotherLEDs
•Canyoubrinktwo,threeorfourLED(EachLEDwillneeditsownResistor)
•GenerateyourownLEDflashing
•Youmaytry
Policelight
Discolight
Trafficlight
etcc

56. sambaiga@gmail.com
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