Renaissance architecture is a style of architecture that emerged in Europe during the Renaissance period, which spanned roughly from the 14th to the 17th century. It originated in Italy in the early 15th century and gradually spread throughout Europe, influencing building designs in various countries.
Key characteristics of Renaissance architecture include:
Classical influence: Renaissance architects drew inspiration from the architecture of ancient Greece and Rome, seeking to emulate their classical forms, proportions, and decorative elements. This resulted in buildings with symmetrical façades, columns, pediments, and domes.
Proportion and harmony: Renaissance architects placed a strong emphasis on mathematical proportion and harmony in their designs, striving to achieve balance and symmetry in the arrangement of architectural elements.
Humanism: Humanist ideals, which emphasized the importance of human achievement, intellect, and individualism, influenced Renaissance architecture. Buildings were designed to reflect the human scale and to enhance the experience of the individual.
Use of perspective: Renaissance architects applied principles of linear perspective to create the illusion of depth and spatial relationships in their designs, both in architectural drawings and in the arrangement of architectural elements.
Ornamentation and decoration: Renaissance buildings often feature elaborate ornamentation and decorative elements, such as relief sculptures, friezes, pilasters, and decorative moldings. These elements were used to enhance the beauty and grandeur of the architecture.
Domed structures: Renaissance architects developed techniques for constructing large domes, which became a prominent feature of many Renaissance churches and public buildings. The dome symbolized divine perfection and often served as a focal point of the building's design.
Notable examples of Renaissance architecture include:
The Florence Cathedral (Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore) in Florence, Italy, designed by Filippo Brunelleschi.
St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, designed by various architects including Donato Bramante, Michelangelo, and Gian Lorenzo Bernini.
The Palazzo Rucellai in Florence, Italy, designed by Leon Battista Alberti.
The Palazzo Farnese in Rome, Italy, designed by Antonio da Sangallo the Younger and Michelangelo.
The Royal Palace of El Escorial in Spain, designed by Juan Bautista de Toledo and Juan de Herrera.
Renaissance architecture had a lasting impact on subsequent architectural styles, influencing the development of Baroque, Rococo, and Neoclassical architecture in the following centuries.
Basic overview of the political, cultural and social influences on 20th century Architecture based on Kenneth Frampton's "Modern Architecture: A Critical History', for teaching fifth semester B.Arch students of University of Calicut.
Renaissance architecture is a style of architecture that emerged in Europe during the Renaissance period, which spanned roughly from the 14th to the 17th century. It originated in Italy in the early 15th century and gradually spread throughout Europe, influencing building designs in various countries.
Key characteristics of Renaissance architecture include:
Classical influence: Renaissance architects drew inspiration from the architecture of ancient Greece and Rome, seeking to emulate their classical forms, proportions, and decorative elements. This resulted in buildings with symmetrical façades, columns, pediments, and domes.
Proportion and harmony: Renaissance architects placed a strong emphasis on mathematical proportion and harmony in their designs, striving to achieve balance and symmetry in the arrangement of architectural elements.
Humanism: Humanist ideals, which emphasized the importance of human achievement, intellect, and individualism, influenced Renaissance architecture. Buildings were designed to reflect the human scale and to enhance the experience of the individual.
Use of perspective: Renaissance architects applied principles of linear perspective to create the illusion of depth and spatial relationships in their designs, both in architectural drawings and in the arrangement of architectural elements.
Ornamentation and decoration: Renaissance buildings often feature elaborate ornamentation and decorative elements, such as relief sculptures, friezes, pilasters, and decorative moldings. These elements were used to enhance the beauty and grandeur of the architecture.
Domed structures: Renaissance architects developed techniques for constructing large domes, which became a prominent feature of many Renaissance churches and public buildings. The dome symbolized divine perfection and often served as a focal point of the building's design.
Notable examples of Renaissance architecture include:
The Florence Cathedral (Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore) in Florence, Italy, designed by Filippo Brunelleschi.
St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, designed by various architects including Donato Bramante, Michelangelo, and Gian Lorenzo Bernini.
The Palazzo Rucellai in Florence, Italy, designed by Leon Battista Alberti.
The Palazzo Farnese in Rome, Italy, designed by Antonio da Sangallo the Younger and Michelangelo.
The Royal Palace of El Escorial in Spain, designed by Juan Bautista de Toledo and Juan de Herrera.
Renaissance architecture had a lasting impact on subsequent architectural styles, influencing the development of Baroque, Rococo, and Neoclassical architecture in the following centuries.
Basic overview of the political, cultural and social influences on 20th century Architecture based on Kenneth Frampton's "Modern Architecture: A Critical History', for teaching fifth semester B.Arch students of University of Calicut.
Renaissance
“ Rebirth”
Revival of artistic achievements based on classical world.
‘Rebirth’ of classical Greek and Roman. The movement started in Italy.
During this era, people began to research the culture of the antique world.
The period was triggered by the increasing sophistication of the society, where economic growth, educational pursuits and political stability were key factors.
The limits of renaissance architecture was pushed by wealthy patrons such as Medic family of Florence, Pope Leo X and Pope Julius II
Characteristics
Building was looked upon as works of art. It followed traditions of middle ages that did not separate the structure from the decoration.
In situ construction hence harmony was given between the jointing and the architectural features.
Standardization of classic roman orders- Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian & Composite and its reintroduction both structurally and decoratively.
An art of free expression : Architecture became to a great extent a personal art due to the fancy of individual architects, many of whom founded schools of design.
A building was regarded rather as a picture with pleasing combinations of lines and masses
Symmetry and proportion
Appearance of building less in size than in reality due to the largeness and fewness of the parts used.
Towers used sparsely, if used occur symmetrically located.
Interiors planed on roman principles.
Ashlar masonry construction
Materials are large, and carry out the Classic idea of fewness of parts .
Gable end , formed as pediments either pitched or semicircular
Vaults are of simple Roman form
The Classic columns and orders were revived and used decoratively .
The principal cornice plays an important part in the style.
Mouldings produced an effect of horizontality.
Stained glass was little used
Sgraffito – coloured plaster was applied.
Efficiency in the crafts.
Italian Renaissance - Palazzo Ricardi, St. Peters Basilica, Rome, Villa Capra, Vicenza
⦁ Italian Renaissance is divided into three periods
Early Renaissance (Early 15th century)
Includes the works of Brunelleschi & Michelozzo. The concepts of architectural orders were explored, rules were formulated & classical detail & ornamentation was adopted. Space was organized by proportional logic & its form was subject to geometry. Ex. Basilica Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence by Brunelleschi.
II. High Renaissance (Late 15th to Early 16th century)
Renaissance became an individual style in its own right
Purist or Palladian, where Roman tradition was held in high respect (represented by Andrea Palladio)
Proto-Baroque, where there was more confidence in using the acquired vocabulary freely (represented by Michelangelo)
Mannerist, where practices which had no Roman precedent were interspersed with the usual buildings. Eg: Bramante
III. Baroque Period (17th century)
Architects worked with freedom and firmly-acquired knowledge.
The Scientific journal “Norwegian Journal of development of the International Science” is issued 24 times a year and is a scientific publication on topical problems of science.
Charles Willard Moore was an American architect, educator, writer, Fellow of the American Institute of Architects, and winner of the AIA Gold Medal in 1991. Wikipedia
THE CONTRIBUTION OF ENGINEERING TO SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS THRO...Faga1939
This article aims to demonstrate the great contribution of Engineering to the progress of science and technology throughout human history. Engineering and the Engineer have existed since the most remote times. It can be said that Engineering and Engineer have existed since the appearance of man on the face of the Earth. If we understand Engineering as the art of using technique to accomplish what the human imagination conceives, we will see that, as long as humanity exists, Engineering will be present. Engineering, understood as the art of making, consists of applying scientific and empirical knowledge to the creation of structures, processes and devices, which are used to convert natural resources into adequate forms to meet human needs.
Integration of the Vernacular Passive Cooling Systems with Contemporary Archi...paperpublications3
Abstract: Vernacular architecture has always served the people of a certain climatic condition with the required answers to their immediate environmental problems. The architecture without architects has been a major focus of late as architects tend to reflect back to how their ancestors tackled the problem of the environment when it came to buildings and design. Human need, cultural identity as well as the surrounding context has been a pivotal focus for vernacular architecture. The Middle East as a region is a land with diverse cultures that have been united by the climatic conditions of their land which is hot and dry for the most part of it. To tackle the heat and the direct harsh sun of the Middle east, certain techniques and elements were devised to combat them. Such devices like the Mashrabiyas, Wind Catchers and Courtyards were used, among others. The 21st Century urbanization and rapid universality of contemporary architecture combined with the oil and gas industry wealth of the Middle East has made this region join the in the mad rush to compete in the frontlines of rapid urbanization and somehow neglect their vernacular architecture and cultural identities in place of the more lucrative contemporary architecture. This study focuses on finding a common ground for vernacular architecture and the 21st-century contemporary architecture without compromising each other. The study will look at Mashrabiyas and Windcatchers, elements of the Middle Eastern vernacular architecture and a case study which is a pioneer in the use of vernacular elements in the 21st-century contemporary architecture. The study seeks to find better options when designing a building in the Middle East with consideration of the vernacular aspect of the region achieved by literature reviews of journals, articles, and theses.
the article on the tomb of Nefertari ALYA AL HADDABI.docxrtodd17
the article on the tomb of Nefertari
ALYA AL HADDABI
introduction
The article selected is “The stability of the tomb of Nefertari 1904-1987”.
Authors of the article are Wilson-Yand and George Burns.
The article aimed at explaining the importance of the tomb of Nefertari as well as factors that led to deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari .
introduction
The digging of the tomb of Nefertari began after Ramesses II become the pharaoh of Egypt
Nefertari was the favorite queen of ramesses ii.
The tomb was discovered in 1904 in Egypt.
Currently is among the most elegant and most preserved tombS (Habicht et al., 2016).
The tomb of queen Nefertari is of concern to most people because of the valued artistic treasures found in the tomb.
Review of the article
There has been an international concern about the preservation of the tomb of Nefertari because of the artistic value found in the tomb.
The tomb has some of the best examples of the nineteenth-dynasty wall
paintings.
Degradation and deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari happened between the year 1904- 1987.
Most of the article did not cover the effects of the damages caused on the tomb adequately.
However the article covered some of the causes attributed to influence the degradation and deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari.
Review of the article
The Article addresses the paint loss and some of the minor losses that happened to the tomb before 1904.
Little has been covered about the massive damage that occurred between 1904- 1971.
The aim of the Authors is to provide an in-depth understanding of the damages that have occurred to the tomb of Nefertari.
History of the destruction
Destruction on the tomb occurred prior to its discovery in 1904 all the way up to 1971.
The information found through the study is useful to the international objective of conserving the tomb of Nefertari as an archeological site (Wilson-Yang, & Burns, 1989).
When preserved the tomb acted as the main source of tourist attraction to the country
Causes of the destruction
The main issue responsible for the deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari is loss of paint and plaster strata.
The article identifies the two factors as the main reason for the damages and deterioration of the value of the tomb of Nefertari.
Causes of deterioration
One of the causes of deterioration of the tomb according to the article is flood water.
It is thought that flood water entered the tomb through the underground walls.
Absorption of water by the walls caused the paintings to fade.
The tomb is a major tourist attraction. Therefore, if the government does not protect the tomb, it is risking collection of revenue from the tomb.
Importance of the tomb
The tomb has some of the most valuable nineteenth-dynasty wall paintings, An artistic treasure of Egypt
The walls are painted with attractive and vibrant colors
THE Attractiveness attracts tourist FROM across the world
It is One of the major indicators for economic .
the article on the tomb of Nefertari ALYA AL HADDABI.docxfelicitytaft14745
the article on the tomb of Nefertari
ALYA AL HADDABI
introduction
The article selected is “The stability of the tomb of Nefertari 1904-1987”.
Authors of the article are Wilson-Yand and George Burns.
The article aimed at explaining the importance of the tomb of Nefertari as well as factors that led to deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari .
introduction
The digging of the tomb of Nefertari began after Ramesses II become the pharaoh of Egypt
Nefertari was the favorite queen of ramesses ii.
The tomb was discovered in 1904 in Egypt.
Currently is among the most elegant and most preserved tombS (Habicht et al., 2016).
The tomb of queen Nefertari is of concern to most people because of the valued artistic treasures found in the tomb.
Review of the article
There has been an international concern about the preservation of the tomb of Nefertari because of the artistic value found in the tomb.
The tomb has some of the best examples of the nineteenth-dynasty wall
paintings.
Degradation and deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari happened between the year 1904- 1987.
Most of the article did not cover the effects of the damages caused on the tomb adequately.
However the article covered some of the causes attributed to influence the degradation and deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari.
Review of the article
The Article addresses the paint loss and some of the minor losses that happened to the tomb before 1904.
Little has been covered about the massive damage that occurred between 1904- 1971.
The aim of the Authors is to provide an in-depth understanding of the damages that have occurred to the tomb of Nefertari.
History of the destruction
Destruction on the tomb occurred prior to its discovery in 1904 all the way up to 1971.
The information found through the study is useful to the international objective of conserving the tomb of Nefertari as an archeological site (Wilson-Yang, & Burns, 1989).
When preserved the tomb acted as the main source of tourist attraction to the country
Causes of the destruction
The main issue responsible for the deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari is loss of paint and plaster strata.
The article identifies the two factors as the main reason for the damages and deterioration of the value of the tomb of Nefertari.
Causes of deterioration
One of the causes of deterioration of the tomb according to the article is flood water.
It is thought that flood water entered the tomb through the underground walls.
Absorption of water by the walls caused the paintings to fade.
The tomb is a major tourist attraction. Therefore, if the government does not protect the tomb, it is risking collection of revenue from the tomb.
Importance of the tomb
The tomb has some of the most valuable nineteenth-dynasty wall paintings, An artistic treasure of Egypt
The walls are painted with attractive and vibrant colors
THE Attractiveness attracts tourist FROM across the world
It is One of the major indicators for economic .
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Renaissance
“ Rebirth”
Revival of artistic achievements based on classical world.
‘Rebirth’ of classical Greek and Roman. The movement started in Italy.
During this era, people began to research the culture of the antique world.
The period was triggered by the increasing sophistication of the society, where economic growth, educational pursuits and political stability were key factors.
The limits of renaissance architecture was pushed by wealthy patrons such as Medic family of Florence, Pope Leo X and Pope Julius II
Characteristics
Building was looked upon as works of art. It followed traditions of middle ages that did not separate the structure from the decoration.
In situ construction hence harmony was given between the jointing and the architectural features.
Standardization of classic roman orders- Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian & Composite and its reintroduction both structurally and decoratively.
An art of free expression : Architecture became to a great extent a personal art due to the fancy of individual architects, many of whom founded schools of design.
A building was regarded rather as a picture with pleasing combinations of lines and masses
Symmetry and proportion
Appearance of building less in size than in reality due to the largeness and fewness of the parts used.
Towers used sparsely, if used occur symmetrically located.
Interiors planed on roman principles.
Ashlar masonry construction
Materials are large, and carry out the Classic idea of fewness of parts .
Gable end , formed as pediments either pitched or semicircular
Vaults are of simple Roman form
The Classic columns and orders were revived and used decoratively .
The principal cornice plays an important part in the style.
Mouldings produced an effect of horizontality.
Stained glass was little used
Sgraffito – coloured plaster was applied.
Efficiency in the crafts.
Italian Renaissance - Palazzo Ricardi, St. Peters Basilica, Rome, Villa Capra, Vicenza
⦁ Italian Renaissance is divided into three periods
Early Renaissance (Early 15th century)
Includes the works of Brunelleschi & Michelozzo. The concepts of architectural orders were explored, rules were formulated & classical detail & ornamentation was adopted. Space was organized by proportional logic & its form was subject to geometry. Ex. Basilica Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence by Brunelleschi.
II. High Renaissance (Late 15th to Early 16th century)
Renaissance became an individual style in its own right
Purist or Palladian, where Roman tradition was held in high respect (represented by Andrea Palladio)
Proto-Baroque, where there was more confidence in using the acquired vocabulary freely (represented by Michelangelo)
Mannerist, where practices which had no Roman precedent were interspersed with the usual buildings. Eg: Bramante
III. Baroque Period (17th century)
Architects worked with freedom and firmly-acquired knowledge.
The Scientific journal “Norwegian Journal of development of the International Science” is issued 24 times a year and is a scientific publication on topical problems of science.
Charles Willard Moore was an American architect, educator, writer, Fellow of the American Institute of Architects, and winner of the AIA Gold Medal in 1991. Wikipedia
THE CONTRIBUTION OF ENGINEERING TO SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS THRO...Faga1939
This article aims to demonstrate the great contribution of Engineering to the progress of science and technology throughout human history. Engineering and the Engineer have existed since the most remote times. It can be said that Engineering and Engineer have existed since the appearance of man on the face of the Earth. If we understand Engineering as the art of using technique to accomplish what the human imagination conceives, we will see that, as long as humanity exists, Engineering will be present. Engineering, understood as the art of making, consists of applying scientific and empirical knowledge to the creation of structures, processes and devices, which are used to convert natural resources into adequate forms to meet human needs.
Integration of the Vernacular Passive Cooling Systems with Contemporary Archi...paperpublications3
Abstract: Vernacular architecture has always served the people of a certain climatic condition with the required answers to their immediate environmental problems. The architecture without architects has been a major focus of late as architects tend to reflect back to how their ancestors tackled the problem of the environment when it came to buildings and design. Human need, cultural identity as well as the surrounding context has been a pivotal focus for vernacular architecture. The Middle East as a region is a land with diverse cultures that have been united by the climatic conditions of their land which is hot and dry for the most part of it. To tackle the heat and the direct harsh sun of the Middle east, certain techniques and elements were devised to combat them. Such devices like the Mashrabiyas, Wind Catchers and Courtyards were used, among others. The 21st Century urbanization and rapid universality of contemporary architecture combined with the oil and gas industry wealth of the Middle East has made this region join the in the mad rush to compete in the frontlines of rapid urbanization and somehow neglect their vernacular architecture and cultural identities in place of the more lucrative contemporary architecture. This study focuses on finding a common ground for vernacular architecture and the 21st-century contemporary architecture without compromising each other. The study will look at Mashrabiyas and Windcatchers, elements of the Middle Eastern vernacular architecture and a case study which is a pioneer in the use of vernacular elements in the 21st-century contemporary architecture. The study seeks to find better options when designing a building in the Middle East with consideration of the vernacular aspect of the region achieved by literature reviews of journals, articles, and theses.
the article on the tomb of Nefertari ALYA AL HADDABI.docxrtodd17
the article on the tomb of Nefertari
ALYA AL HADDABI
introduction
The article selected is “The stability of the tomb of Nefertari 1904-1987”.
Authors of the article are Wilson-Yand and George Burns.
The article aimed at explaining the importance of the tomb of Nefertari as well as factors that led to deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari .
introduction
The digging of the tomb of Nefertari began after Ramesses II become the pharaoh of Egypt
Nefertari was the favorite queen of ramesses ii.
The tomb was discovered in 1904 in Egypt.
Currently is among the most elegant and most preserved tombS (Habicht et al., 2016).
The tomb of queen Nefertari is of concern to most people because of the valued artistic treasures found in the tomb.
Review of the article
There has been an international concern about the preservation of the tomb of Nefertari because of the artistic value found in the tomb.
The tomb has some of the best examples of the nineteenth-dynasty wall
paintings.
Degradation and deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari happened between the year 1904- 1987.
Most of the article did not cover the effects of the damages caused on the tomb adequately.
However the article covered some of the causes attributed to influence the degradation and deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari.
Review of the article
The Article addresses the paint loss and some of the minor losses that happened to the tomb before 1904.
Little has been covered about the massive damage that occurred between 1904- 1971.
The aim of the Authors is to provide an in-depth understanding of the damages that have occurred to the tomb of Nefertari.
History of the destruction
Destruction on the tomb occurred prior to its discovery in 1904 all the way up to 1971.
The information found through the study is useful to the international objective of conserving the tomb of Nefertari as an archeological site (Wilson-Yang, & Burns, 1989).
When preserved the tomb acted as the main source of tourist attraction to the country
Causes of the destruction
The main issue responsible for the deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari is loss of paint and plaster strata.
The article identifies the two factors as the main reason for the damages and deterioration of the value of the tomb of Nefertari.
Causes of deterioration
One of the causes of deterioration of the tomb according to the article is flood water.
It is thought that flood water entered the tomb through the underground walls.
Absorption of water by the walls caused the paintings to fade.
The tomb is a major tourist attraction. Therefore, if the government does not protect the tomb, it is risking collection of revenue from the tomb.
Importance of the tomb
The tomb has some of the most valuable nineteenth-dynasty wall paintings, An artistic treasure of Egypt
The walls are painted with attractive and vibrant colors
THE Attractiveness attracts tourist FROM across the world
It is One of the major indicators for economic .
the article on the tomb of Nefertari ALYA AL HADDABI.docxfelicitytaft14745
the article on the tomb of Nefertari
ALYA AL HADDABI
introduction
The article selected is “The stability of the tomb of Nefertari 1904-1987”.
Authors of the article are Wilson-Yand and George Burns.
The article aimed at explaining the importance of the tomb of Nefertari as well as factors that led to deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari .
introduction
The digging of the tomb of Nefertari began after Ramesses II become the pharaoh of Egypt
Nefertari was the favorite queen of ramesses ii.
The tomb was discovered in 1904 in Egypt.
Currently is among the most elegant and most preserved tombS (Habicht et al., 2016).
The tomb of queen Nefertari is of concern to most people because of the valued artistic treasures found in the tomb.
Review of the article
There has been an international concern about the preservation of the tomb of Nefertari because of the artistic value found in the tomb.
The tomb has some of the best examples of the nineteenth-dynasty wall
paintings.
Degradation and deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari happened between the year 1904- 1987.
Most of the article did not cover the effects of the damages caused on the tomb adequately.
However the article covered some of the causes attributed to influence the degradation and deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari.
Review of the article
The Article addresses the paint loss and some of the minor losses that happened to the tomb before 1904.
Little has been covered about the massive damage that occurred between 1904- 1971.
The aim of the Authors is to provide an in-depth understanding of the damages that have occurred to the tomb of Nefertari.
History of the destruction
Destruction on the tomb occurred prior to its discovery in 1904 all the way up to 1971.
The information found through the study is useful to the international objective of conserving the tomb of Nefertari as an archeological site (Wilson-Yang, & Burns, 1989).
When preserved the tomb acted as the main source of tourist attraction to the country
Causes of the destruction
The main issue responsible for the deterioration of the tomb of Nefertari is loss of paint and plaster strata.
The article identifies the two factors as the main reason for the damages and deterioration of the value of the tomb of Nefertari.
Causes of deterioration
One of the causes of deterioration of the tomb according to the article is flood water.
It is thought that flood water entered the tomb through the underground walls.
Absorption of water by the walls caused the paintings to fade.
The tomb is a major tourist attraction. Therefore, if the government does not protect the tomb, it is risking collection of revenue from the tomb.
Importance of the tomb
The tomb has some of the most valuable nineteenth-dynasty wall paintings, An artistic treasure of Egypt
The walls are painted with attractive and vibrant colors
THE Attractiveness attracts tourist FROM across the world
It is One of the major indicators for economic .
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
Day I Building Materials
1. Enhancing the STEM Curriculum with Conservation Science:
a Case Study of the Italian Renaissance and Frescos
Day 1
Building Materials (I):
Chemistry: Energy
Rachel S. White
Virginia Beach City Public Schools
Landstown High School Governor’s STEM Academy Coordinator
Senior Research Associate, VCU College of Engineering
James K. Ferri
Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering
College of Engineering
Virginia Commonwealth University
1
2. Overview.
The Middle (or Dark) Ages stretched from the end of the Roman Empire 476 AD to the late
1300s. The Italian Renaissance (or “rebirth”) which spanned from 1400 – 1700 AD, marked the
beginning of a new, modern way of thinking about the world. (Giorgio Vasari). Many consider
Firenze (or Florence) the birthplace and most important city in the Italian Renaissance.
2
3. Overview.
The famous thinkers (Michelangelo, Leonardo, Galileo, and Vasari) and thinking that characterized
the Renaissance period represent one of the most unique combinations of the arts, social
sciences, natural sciences, and technology.
Michelangelo
Sculptor
Painter
Architect
Poet
Leonardo
Engineer
Scientist
Theorist
Sculptor
Architect
Painter
Galileo
Astronomer
Physicist
Engineer
Vasari
Painter
Architect
Engineer
Writer
Historian
3
4. Mural painting and the Italian Renaissance.
The main Cathedral of Firenze is the Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore.
One the most remarkable structures of the Renaissance, completed in 1436, it features
the largest masonry dome standing today.
Great Thinker
Filippo Brunelleschi
Born in 1377 from Florence, Italy
Architecture
Sculpture
Mechanical engineering
● Four million bricks
● Weighs more than 25,000 tons
4
5. Mural painting and the Italian Renaissance.
The main Cathedral of Firenze is the Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore. One the most
remarkable structures of the Renaissance, completed in 1436, it features the largest masonry
dome standing today.
Giorgio Vasari
“The Last Judgement”
45.5 meters in diameter
116 meters in height
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6. Mural painting and the Italian Renaissance.
The main Cathedral of Firenze is the Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore. One the most
remarkable structures of the Renaissance, completed in 1436, it features the largest masonry
dome standing today.
You can still buy the pigments
used to paint the interior of the
dome in the city of Firenze –
just a few blocks away from
the Dome.
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7. Six-Day Lesson Plan.
We will study the materials, design process, environmental degradation, and conservation of Italian
Renaissance fresco paintings to connect the concepts of chemistry, engineering, and understanding
conservation of our own cultural heritage in the next two weeks.
Day 1.
Today, you will define a fresco and explore the fresco making process through the chemical
composition of the building material. Experientially, you will prepare arriccio.
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6
Building Materials (I) Sinopia Building Materials (II) Fresco Painting Fresco Degradation Fresco Conservation
Chemistry: Energy Design Chemistry: Reactions
Chemistry: Solutions and
Dispersions
Environmental
Chemistry
Nanochemistry
Great Thinkers: Brunelleschi Great Thinkers: Leonardo Great Thinkers: Vasari Great Thinkers: Michaelangelo Great Thinkers: Ferroni Great Thinkers: Baglioni
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8. What is a fresco?
Fresco is a painting technique in which a dispersion of aqueous pigments are applied to a
thin layer of fresh, lime plaster.
Over time, the plaster reacts with atmospheric carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate,
fixing the pigment in a thin crystalline surface phase, the lime crust.
Sistine Chapel, Rome
“Creation of Adam”, Michelangelo
Rome
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