The origin of replication is a sequence that initiates DNA replication. When replication starts, the replication fork separates the two strands at the origin site, forming a replication bubble with DNA connecting on opposite ends as it is copied.
DNA REPLICATION - Cell & molecular biologyAli Hassan
Replication of DNA in Cell & molecular biology. This slide is all about how a DNA is replicated. It also includes the DNA replication, its details and steps of this process. A video description completely shows the whole process in 3D.
DNA replication involves unwinding the DNA helix into two nucleotide chains which then serve as templates for free nucleotides to pair with the appropriate bases, forming two new DNA strands identical to the original single strand.
DNA origami uses DNA strands to create complex 3D structures and has applications in drug delivery, nanotechnology, microscopy, and computing. It was initially conceived in the 1980s and refined by Paul Rothemund at Caltech using the M13 phage genome, allowing a wider range of shapes. Structures can be engineered to deliver drugs like doxorubicin to cancer cells and edit genomes with CRISPR-Cas9, demonstrating uses in areas like healthcare, materials science, and molecular computing.
This document discusses connectomic deep brain stimulation and summarizes recent findings. It describes a tract commonly seen in STN-DBS and ALIC-DBS that traverses within the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC). While this tract was previously referred to as the medial forebrain bundle (MFB), the document argues it is not the MFB but is similar to the "sl-MFB." Connectivity to medial and lateral prefrontal cortices and a potential hyperdirect pathway from the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex are discussed as being important. The anterior thalamic radiation (ATR) is also potentially linked.
Genetic engineering involves the synthesis and manipulation of genes. Scientists can synthesize genes in the lab and create recombinant DNA by combining DNA fragments from different sources. This allows for the transfer of genes between organisms. Common techniques include using restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sites, inserting the DNA into vectors like plasmids, and cloning the chimeric molecules in host cells. Applications include producing recombinant proteins like vaccines, hormones, and antibodies.
Genetic engineering involves manipulating DNA for practical applications such as sequencing the human genome, creating transgenic organisms, and DNA fingerprinting. Key tools for genetic engineering include PCR to copy DNA, restriction enzymes to cut DNA into fragments, plasmids to replicate recombinant DNA, and gel electrophoresis to separate DNA fragments by size. Genetic engineering is used to produce insulin, growth hormones, and engineer pest-resistant plants through cloning genes into plasmids and bacteria. DNA fingerprinting analyzes gel electrophoresis patterns to identify individuals, solve crimes, and determine familial relationships.
Photographs have the ability to convey complex ideas and emotions through visual imagery alone. A single photograph can capture and communicate far more information than a lengthy written description. This idiom suggests that a single image provides a wealth of descriptive detail and implied meanings that would take many words of exposition to fully explain.
Illumina (sequencing by synthesis) methodFekaduKorsa
The document outlines the Illumina sequencing by synthesis method in 12 steps: 1) DNA sample preparation and attachment to a flow cell, 2) bridge amplification to clone the DNA fragments, 3) determination of the first base by addition of fluorescently labeled nucleotides and imaging, 4) repeating the process to determine the second and subsequent bases, 5) generating sequenced reads. The sequenced reads are then 6) aligned and analyzed by comparing to a reference sequence to identify differences.
DNA REPLICATION - Cell & molecular biologyAli Hassan
Replication of DNA in Cell & molecular biology. This slide is all about how a DNA is replicated. It also includes the DNA replication, its details and steps of this process. A video description completely shows the whole process in 3D.
DNA replication involves unwinding the DNA helix into two nucleotide chains which then serve as templates for free nucleotides to pair with the appropriate bases, forming two new DNA strands identical to the original single strand.
DNA origami uses DNA strands to create complex 3D structures and has applications in drug delivery, nanotechnology, microscopy, and computing. It was initially conceived in the 1980s and refined by Paul Rothemund at Caltech using the M13 phage genome, allowing a wider range of shapes. Structures can be engineered to deliver drugs like doxorubicin to cancer cells and edit genomes with CRISPR-Cas9, demonstrating uses in areas like healthcare, materials science, and molecular computing.
This document discusses connectomic deep brain stimulation and summarizes recent findings. It describes a tract commonly seen in STN-DBS and ALIC-DBS that traverses within the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC). While this tract was previously referred to as the medial forebrain bundle (MFB), the document argues it is not the MFB but is similar to the "sl-MFB." Connectivity to medial and lateral prefrontal cortices and a potential hyperdirect pathway from the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex are discussed as being important. The anterior thalamic radiation (ATR) is also potentially linked.
Genetic engineering involves the synthesis and manipulation of genes. Scientists can synthesize genes in the lab and create recombinant DNA by combining DNA fragments from different sources. This allows for the transfer of genes between organisms. Common techniques include using restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sites, inserting the DNA into vectors like plasmids, and cloning the chimeric molecules in host cells. Applications include producing recombinant proteins like vaccines, hormones, and antibodies.
Genetic engineering involves manipulating DNA for practical applications such as sequencing the human genome, creating transgenic organisms, and DNA fingerprinting. Key tools for genetic engineering include PCR to copy DNA, restriction enzymes to cut DNA into fragments, plasmids to replicate recombinant DNA, and gel electrophoresis to separate DNA fragments by size. Genetic engineering is used to produce insulin, growth hormones, and engineer pest-resistant plants through cloning genes into plasmids and bacteria. DNA fingerprinting analyzes gel electrophoresis patterns to identify individuals, solve crimes, and determine familial relationships.
Photographs have the ability to convey complex ideas and emotions through visual imagery alone. A single photograph can capture and communicate far more information than a lengthy written description. This idiom suggests that a single image provides a wealth of descriptive detail and implied meanings that would take many words of exposition to fully explain.
Illumina (sequencing by synthesis) methodFekaduKorsa
The document outlines the Illumina sequencing by synthesis method in 12 steps: 1) DNA sample preparation and attachment to a flow cell, 2) bridge amplification to clone the DNA fragments, 3) determination of the first base by addition of fluorescently labeled nucleotides and imaging, 4) repeating the process to determine the second and subsequent bases, 5) generating sequenced reads. The sequenced reads are then 6) aligned and analyzed by comparing to a reference sequence to identify differences.
This document discusses DNA repair in cancer development and therapy. It outlines research being done at both the basic and translational levels on DNA repair mechanisms, DNA damage response, and DNA repair proteins. It also describes several clinical trials and projects examining DNA repair responses to radiation and chemotherapy, as well as dedicated clinics for patients with DNA repair deficiencies.
This document provides definitions and explanations of key terms related to biotechnology techniques including recombinant DNA technology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing, DNA fingerprinting, gene cloning using vectors, transgenesis, and plant tissue culture. It defines processes like restriction enzymes, ligation, reverse transcription, amplification, and transformation. Key terms defined include plasmids, primers, probes, vectors, cosmids, explants, callus, and protoplasts. The glossary provides concise explanations of essential concepts, molecules, techniques and processes in biotechnology.
This document discusses dealing with personal genomes. It notes that the human genome project from 1989-2001 mapped the human genome and found that people share 99.9% of their DNA. The remaining 1% contains differences that influence traits and disease susceptibility. Technologies now allow analyzing one's entire genome or just the protein-coding exome for around $1,000. While this opens opportunities to predict disease risks and tailor medical treatment, it also raises challenges around handling incidental findings and privacy of genomic data. The document advocates combining genome data with other "omic" profiles and sensors to gain more insights but also calls for growing patient awareness and participation in research.
DNA fingerprinting was developed in 1984 by Alec J. Jeffrey at the University of Leicester. It involves analyzing variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) in DNA to generate a unique profile for identifying individuals. DNA fingerprinting has six main steps: isolating DNA, cutting it with restriction enzymes, transferring fragments to nylon, probing with radioactive markers, and comparing the final fingerprint to other samples. This technique can solve crimes by matching DNA from a crime scene to suspects, determine paternity in inheritance cases, and has been used in famous cases like those involving Elizabeth Hurley and OJ Simpson.
Sexual reproduction involves the combination of genetic material from two individuals to produce offspring and generate genetic variation between generations more slowly than if DNA copying was completely accurate. It avoids the problem of exponential growth of DNA levels over generations that would occur if each offspring received doubled DNA from a single parent. Sexual reproduction requires a male and female to contribute genetic material, while asexual reproduction can occur through a single individual.
Ivan Garcia from UNC gave a three-day seminar on DNA and proteins. The first day involved a simple DNA extraction experiment using common household items to break open cells and isolate DNA strands. The second day, participants extracted DNA and used PCR to amplify samples for analysis. They ran the DNA samples through agarose gel electrophoresis to view different strand sizes. The third day focused on working with GFP-tagged bacteria and macrophages under UV microscopy to observe fluorescence. Overall, the seminar provided hands-on experience with techniques and increased understanding of topics in microbiology and molecular biology.
The document describes a man wearing an ill-fitting suit who was carrying a large envelope labeled as containing a doctor's note, but provides no other context about the people or events described.
Lab 5 dna extraction from strawberries and liver fall 2014Amy Hollingsworth
This document provides instructions and background information for a lab on extracting DNA from cells. The objectives are to observe DNA's physical properties, extract DNA from strawberry and chicken liver, demonstrate that DNA can be extracted from any cell, and recognize DNA as the common link between all living things. It describes DNA's structure as a double helix composed of nitrogenous bases and a sugar-phosphate backbone. The lab will involve purifying visible amounts of DNA from samples through precipitation to demonstrate its physical properties and presence in organisms.
The document outlines specifications for different classes of concrete mixtures, including the amounts of cement, sand, gravel, and water per unit volume and the compressive strength and typical uses for each class. Class AAA concrete has the highest strength at 4,500 PSI and is used for pre-stressed and post-tensioned applications, while Class D has the lowest strength at 2,000 PSI and is used for non-structural elements like footpaths.
O documento apresenta quatro pacotes de spa para o Natal, variando de 45 a 180 minutos de duração e preços de €35 a €100, incluindo tratamentos como massagens, esfoliações, faciais e banhos turcos.
Sistema de informacion grupo nº1 profesora xiomarajaglys
La teoría general de sistemas surgió en la década de 1940 y fue fundada por Ludwig von Bertalanffy. Define que las propiedades de los sistemas no pueden describirse significativamente en términos de sus elementos separados, sino como un conjunto complejo de elementos o componentes directa o indirectamente relacionados en una red causal. La teoría señala cinco consideraciones básicas sobre el significado de sistema: sus objetivos, el medio ambiente, los recursos del sistema, sus componentes y la administración del mismo.
Este documento describe los conceptos clave de un proyecto. Explica que un proyecto es una planificación de actividades interrelacionadas y coordinadas para alcanzar objetivos específicos dentro de un presupuesto. Detalla dos tipos de proyectos - productivos que buscan ganancias y públicos/sociales que mejoran la calidad de vida. Además, explica las cuatro etapas clave de un proyecto: diagnóstico, diseño, ejecución y evaluación.
Transcription involves processing pre-mRNA into mature mRNA. Translation is the process of converting mRNA into protein with the help of ribosomes, amino acids, and tRNA and mRNA molecules. Pre-mRNA is processed into mature mRNA before it can be translated into protein.
The document advertises SafetyWedge products which are wedges designed to be non-flying, restrained, and shock-resistant. It provides information on different wedge models made of brass, steel, or shaped like a banana with varying heights, widths, and lengths. Replacement lanyards are also available. Contact information is given for American Maintenance Systems, the producer of SafetyWedge products.
Reuben osborn lax a2 pre production tasks feedback sheetOsbornelaxr
This document provides feedback on a student's pre-production tasks for a music video project. The feedback comments that the student has provided evidence for research on similar products, genre analysis, target audience, annotated lyrics, drafts, storyboards, shotlist, layouts, locations, costumes, props, actors, and equipment. However, the teacher requests more detail in the genre analysis and application of Goodwin's six aspects of music videos. The student is asked to relabel some posts for clarity and rotate an image for readability. Additional feedback praises the target audience research, storyboards, and shotlist. The initial mark is 5/20 with notes for improvement. The student action plan addresses the feedback and the final mark
This document discusses DNA repair in cancer development and therapy. It outlines research being done at both the basic and translational levels on DNA repair mechanisms, DNA damage response, and DNA repair proteins. It also describes several clinical trials and projects examining DNA repair responses to radiation and chemotherapy, as well as dedicated clinics for patients with DNA repair deficiencies.
This document provides definitions and explanations of key terms related to biotechnology techniques including recombinant DNA technology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing, DNA fingerprinting, gene cloning using vectors, transgenesis, and plant tissue culture. It defines processes like restriction enzymes, ligation, reverse transcription, amplification, and transformation. Key terms defined include plasmids, primers, probes, vectors, cosmids, explants, callus, and protoplasts. The glossary provides concise explanations of essential concepts, molecules, techniques and processes in biotechnology.
This document discusses dealing with personal genomes. It notes that the human genome project from 1989-2001 mapped the human genome and found that people share 99.9% of their DNA. The remaining 1% contains differences that influence traits and disease susceptibility. Technologies now allow analyzing one's entire genome or just the protein-coding exome for around $1,000. While this opens opportunities to predict disease risks and tailor medical treatment, it also raises challenges around handling incidental findings and privacy of genomic data. The document advocates combining genome data with other "omic" profiles and sensors to gain more insights but also calls for growing patient awareness and participation in research.
DNA fingerprinting was developed in 1984 by Alec J. Jeffrey at the University of Leicester. It involves analyzing variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) in DNA to generate a unique profile for identifying individuals. DNA fingerprinting has six main steps: isolating DNA, cutting it with restriction enzymes, transferring fragments to nylon, probing with radioactive markers, and comparing the final fingerprint to other samples. This technique can solve crimes by matching DNA from a crime scene to suspects, determine paternity in inheritance cases, and has been used in famous cases like those involving Elizabeth Hurley and OJ Simpson.
Sexual reproduction involves the combination of genetic material from two individuals to produce offspring and generate genetic variation between generations more slowly than if DNA copying was completely accurate. It avoids the problem of exponential growth of DNA levels over generations that would occur if each offspring received doubled DNA from a single parent. Sexual reproduction requires a male and female to contribute genetic material, while asexual reproduction can occur through a single individual.
Ivan Garcia from UNC gave a three-day seminar on DNA and proteins. The first day involved a simple DNA extraction experiment using common household items to break open cells and isolate DNA strands. The second day, participants extracted DNA and used PCR to amplify samples for analysis. They ran the DNA samples through agarose gel electrophoresis to view different strand sizes. The third day focused on working with GFP-tagged bacteria and macrophages under UV microscopy to observe fluorescence. Overall, the seminar provided hands-on experience with techniques and increased understanding of topics in microbiology and molecular biology.
The document describes a man wearing an ill-fitting suit who was carrying a large envelope labeled as containing a doctor's note, but provides no other context about the people or events described.
Lab 5 dna extraction from strawberries and liver fall 2014Amy Hollingsworth
This document provides instructions and background information for a lab on extracting DNA from cells. The objectives are to observe DNA's physical properties, extract DNA from strawberry and chicken liver, demonstrate that DNA can be extracted from any cell, and recognize DNA as the common link between all living things. It describes DNA's structure as a double helix composed of nitrogenous bases and a sugar-phosphate backbone. The lab will involve purifying visible amounts of DNA from samples through precipitation to demonstrate its physical properties and presence in organisms.
The document outlines specifications for different classes of concrete mixtures, including the amounts of cement, sand, gravel, and water per unit volume and the compressive strength and typical uses for each class. Class AAA concrete has the highest strength at 4,500 PSI and is used for pre-stressed and post-tensioned applications, while Class D has the lowest strength at 2,000 PSI and is used for non-structural elements like footpaths.
O documento apresenta quatro pacotes de spa para o Natal, variando de 45 a 180 minutos de duração e preços de €35 a €100, incluindo tratamentos como massagens, esfoliações, faciais e banhos turcos.
Sistema de informacion grupo nº1 profesora xiomarajaglys
La teoría general de sistemas surgió en la década de 1940 y fue fundada por Ludwig von Bertalanffy. Define que las propiedades de los sistemas no pueden describirse significativamente en términos de sus elementos separados, sino como un conjunto complejo de elementos o componentes directa o indirectamente relacionados en una red causal. La teoría señala cinco consideraciones básicas sobre el significado de sistema: sus objetivos, el medio ambiente, los recursos del sistema, sus componentes y la administración del mismo.
Este documento describe los conceptos clave de un proyecto. Explica que un proyecto es una planificación de actividades interrelacionadas y coordinadas para alcanzar objetivos específicos dentro de un presupuesto. Detalla dos tipos de proyectos - productivos que buscan ganancias y públicos/sociales que mejoran la calidad de vida. Además, explica las cuatro etapas clave de un proyecto: diagnóstico, diseño, ejecución y evaluación.
Transcription involves processing pre-mRNA into mature mRNA. Translation is the process of converting mRNA into protein with the help of ribosomes, amino acids, and tRNA and mRNA molecules. Pre-mRNA is processed into mature mRNA before it can be translated into protein.
The document advertises SafetyWedge products which are wedges designed to be non-flying, restrained, and shock-resistant. It provides information on different wedge models made of brass, steel, or shaped like a banana with varying heights, widths, and lengths. Replacement lanyards are also available. Contact information is given for American Maintenance Systems, the producer of SafetyWedge products.
Reuben osborn lax a2 pre production tasks feedback sheetOsbornelaxr
This document provides feedback on a student's pre-production tasks for a music video project. The feedback comments that the student has provided evidence for research on similar products, genre analysis, target audience, annotated lyrics, drafts, storyboards, shotlist, layouts, locations, costumes, props, actors, and equipment. However, the teacher requests more detail in the genre analysis and application of Goodwin's six aspects of music videos. The student is asked to relabel some posts for clarity and rotate an image for readability. Additional feedback praises the target audience research, storyboards, and shotlist. The initial mark is 5/20 with notes for improvement. The student action plan addresses the feedback and the final mark
Week 14 a – past, present, progressive tenseMargaRenedo
The document provides instructions for a class assignment on verb tenses. Students are asked to identify verbs in different tenses in a song lyric and sentences. For the song, verbs are to be highlighted in present tense, circled in past tense, and underlined in present progressive tense. Sample sentences are then provided for students to rewrite in the present tense using given words. The document gives direction on a grammar activity analyzing verb tenses in a song and sentences.
This document provides a review for a Physical Science final exam, outlining 9 competencies covered on the exam. It includes 75 multiple choice and short answer questions testing understanding of concepts in motion, waves, electricity, thermodynamics, atomic structure, nuclear processes, bonding, and acids/bases. Sample questions assess knowledge of the scientific method, graphing, Newton's laws, energy transformations, electromagnetic radiation, the periodic table, nuclear reactions, and chemical equations.
This document provides 42 multi-part physics problems involving Newton's laws of motion. The problems cover concepts such as force, mass, acceleration, weight, and their relationships. Some sample answers are provided. The problems involve calculating unknown values like force, mass, or acceleration given information about real-world scenarios involving objects in motion or at rest under the influence of various forces.
1. This document discusses different types of waves including transverse, longitudinal, and electromagnetic waves. It defines key wave properties such as amplitude, wavelength, frequency, period, and wave speed.
2. Frequency is defined as the number of vibrations per second, measured in Hertz (Hz). Period is the time for one full vibration. Frequency and period are inversely related.
3. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating wave properties like frequency, period, wavelength, and wave speed from information given about the wave.
This document discusses electrical power and energy. It explains that power is calculated as current multiplied by voltage, and is measured in watts. It asks the reader to calculate the power needed to operate a clock radio drawing 0.05 amps from a household circuit. The document also explains that electrical energy is provided by power companies and sold to homeowners in units of kilowatt-hours, which is 1000 watts delivered for one hour. It provides an example of calculating the electrical energy used and cost for a 1200W toaster oven used for 15 minutes.
This document explains the differences between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC). It defines AC as an electric current that periodically reverses direction and changes its magnitude continuously with time in contrast to DC, which flows in one direction. The document also outlines the key characteristics of series and parallel electric circuits. Series circuits have the same current flowing through all elements and the total voltage is divided among the elements. Parallel circuits have the same voltage across each element and the total current is the sum of the currents in the individual branches. The document concludes by noting that fuses are used to prevent circuit overloading by melting and breaking the circuit if too much current passes through.
This document provides an Ohm's Law worksheet with 6 practice problems calculating voltage, current, and resistance using the equations: I = V/R, R = V/I, and V = IR. Students are asked to use these equations to find the missing value in each circuit scenario, such as calculating the voltage applied to a light bulb with a known current and resistance.
This document contains a worksheet on Ohm's Law with 14 problems. The worksheet provides the three forms of Ohm's Law and asks students to calculate values like voltage, current, and resistance using circuits with resistors and batteries. Students are asked to determine unknown values, total resistances, and currents in various circuit diagrams applying the relationships defined by Ohm's Law.
This document provides an Ohm's Law worksheet with 6 practice problems calculating voltage, current, and resistance using the equations: I = V/R, R = V/I, and V = IR. Students are asked to use these equations to find the missing value in each circuit scenario, such as calculating the voltage applied to a light bulb with a known current and resistance.
This document discusses resistance and Ohm's Law. It describes the key parts of Ohm's Law including volts, amps, and resistance. It also explains how to calculate an unknown value using two known values and Ohm's Law. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating current and resistance using Ohm's Law. The document also discusses how resistance affects current and electric shock, and provides examples of calculating current through the body at different resistances and voltages.
Static electricity and electrical currantssbarkanic
This document defines static electricity and current electricity. It explains that static electricity is caused by an imbalance of electric charges, usually through rubbing materials together, while current electricity involves the controlled flow of electrons. It distinguishes conductors that allow electron flow from insulators that do not, and describes how static charges build up and arc in lightning.
This document covers acids and bases, including definitions, properties, examples and the pH scale. It also discusses acid rain, its effects and causes. For radioactivity, it defines different types and compares the strong force to the electric force in alpha and beta equations. It explains transmutation, half-life, fission and chain reactions. Additionally, it outlines nuclear power plants, how they create electricity from fission, reasons for past meltdowns and pros and cons of nuclear power. Finally, it addresses the big bang theory, evidence supporting it, the potential end of the universe, star formation, star types and life cycles.
This document discusses chemical equations and reactions. It explains that chemical equations are used to represent chemical reactions, and that they consist of reactants on the left side of the arrow yielding products on the right. It also describes how to balance chemical equations by adjusting coefficients so that the same number of each type of atom is on both sides of the equation. Balancing chemical equations ensures conservation of mass during chemical reactions.
Naming and writing compounds and moleculessbarkanic
This document provides instructions for writing formulas and naming ionic compounds, covalent molecules, and polyatomic ions. It explains that for ionic compounds, you write the symbols of the ions and use the crossover method to determine subscripts before naming the compound by writing the cation name followed by the anion name with "ide." For covalent molecules, Greek prefixes indicate subscripts and the name is written by specifying each element followed by the number of atoms. Polyatomic ions are also named and included in ionic compounds by looking up their formula and charge. Examples and practice problems are provided to demonstrate the process.
1) The document provides instructions for drawing Lewis structures to show ionic and covalent bonding between various elements. Students are asked to draw Lewis structures for pairs of elements, and indicate electron transfers or sharing to write chemical formulas. 2) For ionic bonds, students should draw Lewis structures, arrows to show electron transfer, charges for each ion, and chemical formulas. 3) For covalent bonds, the instructions are to draw Lewis structures, circles around shared electrons, bond structures, and chemical formulas.
The document discusses atomic spectra and the Bohr model. It explains that atoms can absorb and emit light at specific frequencies, and this atomic spectrum acts as a fingerprint that can be used to identify elements. The Bohr model describes electrons occupying different energy shells around the nucleus, and electrons absorbing and emitting energy by jumping between shells and releasing light. The document also briefly mentions flame tests and spectroscopes as methods to observe atomic spectra.
Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937) was a notable British physicist and chemist who made seminal contributions to the development of the modern atomic model. Through his gold foil experiment in 1911, Rutherford was able to formulate the Rutherford model of the atom, which established that atoms have a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by low-mass electrons. For this breakthrough discovery, Rutherford received numerous honors including the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908. His work fundamentally changed scientific understanding of atomic structure.
Lise Meitner was an Austrian/German physicist born in 1878 who made significant contributions to nuclear physics. She received her doctorate in 1905 as the second woman to earn a PhD from the University of Vienna. In 1938, Meitner, Otto Hahn, and Fritz Strassmann discovered nuclear fission when bombarding uranium with neutrons. This splitting of uranium atoms led to additional neutrons and the potential for an explosive chain reaction. Sadly, her discovery was later used in 1945 for the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima. Meitner received several honors for her work, including the Max Planck medal in 1949.
Murray Gell-Mann was born in 1929 and is still living. He graduated valedictorian from Columbia Grammar School and attended Yale University at age 15. Gell-Mann won the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physics. In 1964, he discovered the quark, which makes up protons and neutrons in the nucleus. Quarks have never been isolated due to their small size of 10-15 mm. Gell-Mann is also interested in activities like bird watching and collecting antiques.
Democritus was a Greek philosopher born around 460-457 BC in Abdera, Thrace. He developed the first atomic theory, proposing that all matter is made up of indivisible atoms moving through empty space. Democritus believed that atoms were the fundamental building blocks of the natural world and that their behavior determined natural phenomena. He and his mentor Leucippus are considered the founders of atomic theory. Democritus was highly respected in his lifetime for making discoveries and predictions that were later proven true.
1. Bio Opener December 11, 2012
How are these three terms related ---
origin of replication, replication fork, and
replication bubble?
2. Short
stretches of DNA with sequences of
nucleotides that initiate replication
Separation of the two strands of DNA at
the origin site
Connection of DNA on opposite ends of
the bubble