The document discusses important stakeholders for promoting competition and consumer protection reforms. It identifies key stakeholders such as the competition agency, policymakers, consumer protection authority, civil society organizations, academia, sector regulators, media, business associations, the legal fraternity, and the judiciary. It outlines the expected roles of each stakeholder and essentials for their success in supporting competition reforms. The competition agency is tasked with enforcing competition law, promoting a competition culture, and undertaking advocacy. Policymakers are responsible for policy frameworks, resources, and oversight. Getting government and political support is important for an agency's effectiveness.
This presentation by Ms. Jyoti Jindgar Bhanot was made at the workshop on Competition in Publicly Funded Markets (28 February 2019). Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/workshop-on-competition-in-publicly-funded-markets.htm
This presentation by the OECD Competition Division was made at the workshop on Competition in Publicly Funded Markets (28 February 2019). Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/workshop-on-competition-in-publicly-funded-markets.htm
This presentation by Russell Damtoft (US FTC) was made during a roundtable discussion on Advocacy and Mainstreaming competition policy held at the 12th meeting of the OECD-IDB Latin American Competition Forum on 16-17 September 2014, Uruguay. Find out more at www.oecd.org/competition/latinamerica/
This presentation by Allan FELS AO (Professor, University of Melbourne, Monash & Oxford and former Chair of the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission) was made during the session on Competition in public markets held at the 16th meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 8 December 2017. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/28n
This presentation by Ramsis Croes and Misja Mikkers was made at the workshop on Competition in Publicly Funded Markets (28 February 2019). Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/workshop-on-competition-in-publicly-funded-markets.htm
This presentation by Mats A Bergman was made at the workshop on Competition in Publicly Funded Markets (28 February 2019). Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/workshop-on-competition-in-publicly-funded-markets.htm
This presentation by Miguel de la Mano, Executive Vice President at Compass Lexicon, was made during the Workshop on market studies selection and prioritisation of sectors and industries held on 9 March 2017 at the OECD Headquarters. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/market-studies-workshop-on-selection-prioritisation-of-sectors-industries.htm
This presentation by Kurt R. Brekke was made at the workshop on Competition in Publicly Funded Markets (28 February 2019). Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/workshop-on-competition-in-publicly-funded-markets.htm
This presentation by Ms. Jyoti Jindgar Bhanot was made at the workshop on Competition in Publicly Funded Markets (28 February 2019). Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/workshop-on-competition-in-publicly-funded-markets.htm
This presentation by the OECD Competition Division was made at the workshop on Competition in Publicly Funded Markets (28 February 2019). Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/workshop-on-competition-in-publicly-funded-markets.htm
This presentation by Russell Damtoft (US FTC) was made during a roundtable discussion on Advocacy and Mainstreaming competition policy held at the 12th meeting of the OECD-IDB Latin American Competition Forum on 16-17 September 2014, Uruguay. Find out more at www.oecd.org/competition/latinamerica/
This presentation by Allan FELS AO (Professor, University of Melbourne, Monash & Oxford and former Chair of the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission) was made during the session on Competition in public markets held at the 16th meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 8 December 2017. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/28n
This presentation by Ramsis Croes and Misja Mikkers was made at the workshop on Competition in Publicly Funded Markets (28 February 2019). Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/workshop-on-competition-in-publicly-funded-markets.htm
This presentation by Mats A Bergman was made at the workshop on Competition in Publicly Funded Markets (28 February 2019). Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/workshop-on-competition-in-publicly-funded-markets.htm
This presentation by Miguel de la Mano, Executive Vice President at Compass Lexicon, was made during the Workshop on market studies selection and prioritisation of sectors and industries held on 9 March 2017 at the OECD Headquarters. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/market-studies-workshop-on-selection-prioritisation-of-sectors-industries.htm
This presentation by Kurt R. Brekke was made at the workshop on Competition in Publicly Funded Markets (28 February 2019). Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/workshop-on-competition-in-publicly-funded-markets.htm
This newsletter includes brief reports about the initiatives taking place within the OECD-Korea Policy Centre Competition Programme. It includes overviews of meetings held by the OECD in Paris and provides an opportunity for participating economies from the Asia-Pacific region to exchange their latest experiences on competition law and policy issues.
News, case studies and articles from Asian-Pacific competition authorities are welcome. If you have material that you wish to be considered for publication in this newsletter, please contact ajahn@oecdkorea.org.
This presentation by Kurt R. Brekke was made at the workshop on Competition in Publicly Funded Markets (28 February 2019). Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/workshop-on-competition-in-publicly-funded-markets.htm
This presentation by John Davies Freshfields was made during a roundtable discussion on Public interest considerations in merger control held at the 123rd meeting of the Working Party No. 3 on Co-operation and Enforcement on 14 June 2014. More papers, presentations and contributions from delegations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/daf/competition/public-interest-considerations-in-merger-control.htm
This presentation by Johan Hedelin was made at the workshop on Competition in Publicly Funded Markets (28 February 2019). Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/workshop-on-competition-in-publicly-funded-markets.htm
This presentation by CUTS’ SG Pradeep S Mehta was made during Break-out Session 2: Enforcement in the framework of the discussion on “Overcoming adversity and attaining success: Small and developing competition agencies” held at the 16th meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 8 December 2017. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/sda.
Sangyun Lee, ‘Abuse of Economic Dependence in Competition Law From a Comparat...Sangyun Lee
Presentation slides prepared for the 2021 ASOCLA Asia regional session. I sincerely thank the seminar participants for their comments on my research. Special thanks go to Prof. Thomas K. Cheng and Prof. Masako Wakui, for organizing this seminar and giving me an invaluable opportunity to share my research findings and further develop and elaborate ideas. Please note that this research, as part of my Ph.D. research, is still in progress and has yet reached any definitive conclusion. When you want to use any contents included in this document, please reference this document with citation as follows: Sangyun Lee, ‘Abuse of Economic Dependence in Competition Law From a Comparative Perspective’ (ASCOLA Asia Regional Workshop 2022, Jan 5, 2022). Any comments, of course, are more than welcome and much appreciated. sangyunl@korea.ac.kr
This presentation by Carol Propper was made at the workshop on Competition in Publicly Funded Markets (28 February 2019). Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/workshop-on-competition-in-publicly-funded-markets.htm
This presentation by Fiji was made during the break-out Session 3, “Techniques and evidence for assessing predatory pricing, margin squeeze and exploitative abuses” in the discussion “Economic analysis and evidence in abuse cases” held at the 20th meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 7 December 2021. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/eac.
Smart Regulation and Competition Policy in Electric and Telecommunications Ma...Mercatus Center
Jerry Ellig participates in a panel discussion before Texas policy makers in Austin, Texas at the Texas Public Policy Foundation's Policy Orientation on the future of the Texas Public Utility Commission and competition policy in electric and telecommunications markets.
This document includes a selection of quotes from all speakers of the 2020 OECD Competition Open Day held in Paris on 26 February 2020. For more on the event please access oe.cd/comp-open-day-20
This presentation by Competition Commission South Africa was made during Break-out Session 3: Creating Legitimacy in the framework of the discussion on “Overcoming adversity and attaining success: Small and developing competition agencies” held at the 16th meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 8 December 2017. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/sda.
These slides by the OECD Competition Division introduce the OECD background note presented during the discussion on "Price discrimination" held during the 126th meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 30 November 2016. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/daf/competition/price-discrimination.htm
This presentation by the OECD Secretariat was made during the discussion “Vertical mergers in the technology, media and telecom sector” held at the 131st meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 7 June 2019. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/vmtm
This presentation by Chile Fiscalía Nacional Económica was made during the discussion on “Market study methodologies for competition authorities” held at the 125th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 3 on Co-operation and Enforcement on 20 June 2017. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/1ZX.
This presentation by Toh HAN LI, Chief Executive, Competition Commission of Singapore was made during the discussion on "Promoting competition, protecting human rights" held at the 15th Global Forum on Competition on 1 December 2016. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/competition/globalforum/promoting-competition-protecting-human-rights.htm
This newsletter includes brief reports about the initiatives taking place within the OECD-Korea Policy Centre Competition Programme. It includes overviews of meetings held by the OECD in Paris and provides an opportunity for participating economies from the Asia-Pacific region to exchange their latest experiences on competition law and policy issues.
News, case studies and articles from Asian-Pacific competition authorities are welcome. If you have material that you wish to be considered for publication in this newsletter, please contact ajahn@oecdkorea.org.
This presentation by Kurt R. Brekke was made at the workshop on Competition in Publicly Funded Markets (28 February 2019). Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/workshop-on-competition-in-publicly-funded-markets.htm
This presentation by John Davies Freshfields was made during a roundtable discussion on Public interest considerations in merger control held at the 123rd meeting of the Working Party No. 3 on Co-operation and Enforcement on 14 June 2014. More papers, presentations and contributions from delegations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/daf/competition/public-interest-considerations-in-merger-control.htm
This presentation by Johan Hedelin was made at the workshop on Competition in Publicly Funded Markets (28 February 2019). Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/workshop-on-competition-in-publicly-funded-markets.htm
This presentation by CUTS’ SG Pradeep S Mehta was made during Break-out Session 2: Enforcement in the framework of the discussion on “Overcoming adversity and attaining success: Small and developing competition agencies” held at the 16th meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 8 December 2017. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/sda.
Sangyun Lee, ‘Abuse of Economic Dependence in Competition Law From a Comparat...Sangyun Lee
Presentation slides prepared for the 2021 ASOCLA Asia regional session. I sincerely thank the seminar participants for their comments on my research. Special thanks go to Prof. Thomas K. Cheng and Prof. Masako Wakui, for organizing this seminar and giving me an invaluable opportunity to share my research findings and further develop and elaborate ideas. Please note that this research, as part of my Ph.D. research, is still in progress and has yet reached any definitive conclusion. When you want to use any contents included in this document, please reference this document with citation as follows: Sangyun Lee, ‘Abuse of Economic Dependence in Competition Law From a Comparative Perspective’ (ASCOLA Asia Regional Workshop 2022, Jan 5, 2022). Any comments, of course, are more than welcome and much appreciated. sangyunl@korea.ac.kr
This presentation by Carol Propper was made at the workshop on Competition in Publicly Funded Markets (28 February 2019). Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/workshop-on-competition-in-publicly-funded-markets.htm
This presentation by Fiji was made during the break-out Session 3, “Techniques and evidence for assessing predatory pricing, margin squeeze and exploitative abuses” in the discussion “Economic analysis and evidence in abuse cases” held at the 20th meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 7 December 2021. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/eac.
Smart Regulation and Competition Policy in Electric and Telecommunications Ma...Mercatus Center
Jerry Ellig participates in a panel discussion before Texas policy makers in Austin, Texas at the Texas Public Policy Foundation's Policy Orientation on the future of the Texas Public Utility Commission and competition policy in electric and telecommunications markets.
This document includes a selection of quotes from all speakers of the 2020 OECD Competition Open Day held in Paris on 26 February 2020. For more on the event please access oe.cd/comp-open-day-20
This presentation by Competition Commission South Africa was made during Break-out Session 3: Creating Legitimacy in the framework of the discussion on “Overcoming adversity and attaining success: Small and developing competition agencies” held at the 16th meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 8 December 2017. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/sda.
These slides by the OECD Competition Division introduce the OECD background note presented during the discussion on "Price discrimination" held during the 126th meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 30 November 2016. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/daf/competition/price-discrimination.htm
This presentation by the OECD Secretariat was made during the discussion “Vertical mergers in the technology, media and telecom sector” held at the 131st meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 7 June 2019. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/vmtm
This presentation by Chile Fiscalía Nacional Económica was made during the discussion on “Market study methodologies for competition authorities” held at the 125th meeting of the OECD Working Party No. 3 on Co-operation and Enforcement on 20 June 2017. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/1ZX.
This presentation by Toh HAN LI, Chief Executive, Competition Commission of Singapore was made during the discussion on "Promoting competition, protecting human rights" held at the 15th Global Forum on Competition on 1 December 2016. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/competition/globalforum/promoting-competition-protecting-human-rights.htm
An Introduction to Managerial Finance prepared for the Graduate School of Business at the University of New England. Slides prepared by Dr Subba Reddy Yarram.
This Presentation is about the Financial Market in India.
Aim is to provide basic information regarding Stock market, Bombay Stock Exchange(BSE) and National Stock Exchange of India (NSEI).
This presentation by the OECD Secretariat was prepared for the discussion on “Using market studies to tackle emerging competition issues” held at the 19th OECD Global Forum on Competition on 10 December 2020. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at http://oe.cd/mstei.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
News, case studies and articles from Asian-Pacific competition authorities are welcome. If you have material that you wish to be considered for publication in this newsletter, please contact ajahn@oecdkorea.org.
Effects of Government Procurement on Prompt Tendering and Supply of Goods: A...inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Chris Coxon - Evidence informed policy making - 26 June 2017OECD Governance
Presentation by Cris Coxon, Head of Civil and Administrative Justice Research, Ministry of Justice, United Kingdom, at the event on Governing better through evidence-informed policy making, 26-27 June 2017. The event was organised by the OECD Directorate for Public Governance in cooperation with the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC), the Campbell Collaboration and the International Network for Government Science Advice (INGSA). For further information please see http://www.oecd.org/gov/evidence-informed-policy-making.htm
Day 1 Intro to CCP and Competition Law in Pakistan
Day 2 Presentation 2 Role of stakeholders in promoting competition and consumer protection reforms
1. Important stakeholders for
promoting competition and
consumer protection
reforms
Ahmed Qadir, Office of InternationalAffairs
Competition Commission of Pakistan
Competition
and
Consumer
Protection
Consultations
10-14 August
2015, Istanbul
2. Competition
Agency
The institution, established by the competition law,
tasked with enforcement
The decisive factor in establishment of competition culture
Expected roles
Effective enforcement of competition law;
communication with consumers/other stakeholders
Activities aimed at promoting competition culture and
awareness
undertake competition advocacy
Essentials for success
Subject knowledge and skills,
human and financial resources
functional autonomy
Good interface with complementary institutions
4. Policymakers
Policies generally made at cabinet level and
endorsed by parliament
Policy makers- government officials (ministers)
who make policies together with the MPs
Expected Roles
Lay out conducive policy and legal frameworks
Release resources for functioning of institutions
Monitoring and accountability
Essentials for success
Appreciation of benefits from competition and
consumer protection reforms
Capacity to implement policies
5. Getting the
government
and
politicians
involved
Why government?
They make important decisions so
necessary to ensure that CA’s views are
duly considered
CA has a very important role to counter
“vested interests” lobbying for their
benefits
Why politicians?
They make important decisions about CA
resources
6. Engaging
with
government
bodies
A CA must be able to show that
competition provides significant
benefits through greater choice, lower
prices, better quality of goods and
services.
Competition provides the incentive for
firms to be more efficient and
innovative (raise productivity across the
economy)
7. Engaging
with
government
bodies
CA must be able to show it is not a
threat…
…it is on the same side…
…that’s its advice is based on sound
analysis, clearly presented, with the
focus on the consumer
Diplomacy, inter-personal skills, EQ, and
persuasion help immensely
8.
9. What’s the
message to
government
bodies?
Some competitive effects to consider…
Does the (proposed) intervention affect the
possibility of entry and exit in a market? e.g.,
granting exclusive rights to supply, limiting the
number of suppliers, or significantly raising the
costs for new firms entering the market
Does it affect the nature of competition between
firms, either through direct restrictions or by
reducing the incentives to compete?
Does it affect consumers? Can they exercise
choice?
11. Engaging
with
Parliament
Parliamentary committees need to be
treated with utmost care. Do not
appear superior or condescending!
Not all committee members will share
your views
Don’t make promises that are difficult
to keep
Don’t make any statement people will
remember forever!
12. Consumer
Protection
Authority
Institution with legal backing for consumer welfare
interest
Expected Roles
Effective enforcement of consumer law;
Establish linkages with other consumer movements
Promotion general awareness about consumer issues
Advocacy with relevant Ministries
Essentials for success
Subject knowledge and skills,
human and financial resources
functional autonomy
Good interface with complementary institutions
13. CivilSociety-
Consumer
Organisations
Refers to voluntary social organisations and institutions
that advocate for rights of consumers
Expected Roles
Watchdogs (eyes and ears) for competition and consumer
authorities
Awareness generation on competition and consumer issues
Mobilising consumers voice on need for protection
Advocacy and pressure on competition and consumer
protection reforms
Essentials for success
understanding on competition and consumer issues;
Structures and capacity for interaction with various
stakeholders
Support from development partners
Recognition by the relevant authorities
14. Academia
University and other research institutions
Expected Roles
Policy research on competition and consumer
policy issues
Training courses on competition and
consumer issues for human resource
improvement
Capacity building programmes for officials
Essentials for success
Acceptance of competition and consumer
issues into the curriculum
Knowledge of competition and consumer
issues by researchers
15. Sector
regulators
Regulatory authorities established by other
sector specific legislation
Expected Roles
Tell their respective sectors what to do
Work with CA to promote competition in their
respective sectors
Make decisions that have a bearing on competition
Protect consumer interests in their sectors
Conditions Precedent
Resources to carry the tasks
Good legal framework
Good interface with competition and consumer
authority
16. Sector
regulators
There could, eventually, be quite a few
of these in existence.
The important ones: banking &
securities, telecom, energy, services
such as hospitals and waste
management.
What works well are regular meetings
for liaison purposes and memoranda of
agreement.
17. Business
Regulated entity hence has big role to play
Expected Roles
Competing fairly and avoid consumer violations
Being sources of information for competition and
consumer authority
Business associations promoting understanding on
competition among members (firms)
Associations are not conduits for anti-competitive
behaviour
Conditions precedent
No regulatory capture
Competitive neutrality
Acceptance of competition reforms by (big)
businesses
18. Media
All avenues of communication with general public
(print, electronic, social etc.)
Expected Roles
Promote greater public awareness of issues
Awareness on institutions and legal framework
Hint on possible anticompetitive areas and consumer
violations
Constructive criticism
Conditions precedent
Availability of trained reporters
Capacity building courses for media
Willing contributors (articles, reports, etc.)
Good interaction with institutions (press releases etc.)
19. Legal
Fraternity
Legal practitioners (for business and competition
agency) also carry a heavy burden
Expected Roles
educate clients on compliance mechanisms
Help judiciary establish case laws
Ensure careful enforcement of laws by guarding
against carelessness
Help identify loopholes in the administration system
Conditions precedent
proper understanding of the provisions of the law, and
its overall goal
Training programmes for the lawyers
Quick justice delivery system
20. Judiciary
The buck stops at the judiciary, hence
determines efficiency of system
Speed of judicial review, however, is a
matter of concern in many countries
Expected roles
Efficient disposal of related trials/cases
Establish case laws
Essentials for success
knowledge on the subjects
Conducive platform for presiding cases (e.g.
different from common criminal cases)
21. Conclusions
– what the
CA can do
Stakeholders need to understand and adequately
perform their specific roles.
Stakeholder needs training.
Programmes on awareness of competition and
consumer issues and their benefits critical for
success.
Stakeholders need to complement each other
rather than step on each other’s toes.
Resource constraints major challenge; hence
development partners are necessary.
Advocacy key to buy-in; important to establish a
cadre of advocates through training programmes
22. Confidence,
credibility,
resources
The more the CA inspires the
confidence of Ministers, MPs,
government bodies, parliamentary
committees, etc., the more credibility it
creates.
Credibility can be leveraged for more
resources to carry on with its important
work.
23. Final
Thoughts
An authority will ultimately be judged
on its perceived VALUE to the
economy
Important to demonstrate this value
quickly
keeping focused on the ’main game’, i.e., key
priority issues and avoiding easy but low[er]
priority issues is essential.
Communicating about what one does is also
important helps get support