This document contrasts naturalistic and humanistic views on approaches to health promotion. The naturalistic view sees human behavior as determined by independent factors and aims to identify these factors to design interventions using scientific methods. However, this risks reducing human beings to objects that can be controlled. An alternative is a humanistic approach that sees people as having free will and focuses on justifying the best course of action through moral consensus rather than behavior change alone. The document argues for considering both approaches.
This document discusses the quantitative-qualitative debate regarding mixed methods research. It argues that quantitative and qualitative methods are based on different paradigms with differing views of reality. Specifically, quantitative methods assume an objective reality while qualitative methods see multiple subjective realities. Because of these differing views, the methods do not actually study the same phenomena. The document reviews arguments for combining methods but finds them inadequate as they do not address the underlying paradigmatic differences. It concludes that while methods cannot be combined for validation, they can be used complementarily to gain different perspectives.
Oom not doom a novel method for improving psychological science, Bradley WoodsNZ Psychological Society
The document summarizes a novel method called Observation Oriented Modeling (OOM) for improving psychological science. OOM aims to address issues with traditional research methods like overreliance on group-level analyses and improper use of null hypothesis significance testing. It uses binary coding of observations and matrix algebra operations to model causal relationships between deep structures in data. Statistics like the Classification Strength Index and Percent Correct Classification evaluate how well a target matrix is conformed by a rotated conforming matrix, indicating causal relationships.
This document provides an introduction to research, covering key areas such as the meaning of research, purpose of research, types of research, and the scientific method of inquiry. Research is defined as a systematic process of asking questions and answering them through objective and organized methods such as surveys and experiments. The main purposes of research are to describe phenomena, explain relationships, make predictions, and gain control over events. Educational research specifically aims to better understand and improve teaching and learning. The scientific method emphasizes objective, empirical, and systematic procedures to minimize bias.
This document discusses pragmatism and scientific freedom. It argues that pragmatism is a flexible approach that allows researchers to use what works best for their particular study. Pragmatism advocates using theories and approaches if they prove useful, without worrying about philosophical concepts like objective reality. Adopting pragmatism could help fight against rigid scientific structures and allow for more independent, free science. The document also discusses how science has been dominated by institutions and biased by money and politics. It argues that science should be free from such influences and restrictions on knowledge production and sharing.
Beyond four forces_the_evolution_of_psychotherapy (1)jayapratha9
This document discusses the evolution of psychotherapy theory through different "forces" or paradigms that have shaped the field over time. It describes how the first three forces were commonly identified as psychoanalytic, behavioral, and humanistic-existential approaches. The document then examines various theoretical models that have been described as the "fourth force" in the field, including transpersonal psychology, family systems theory, feminist psychology, multiculturalism, ecopsychology, and social constructivism. Recently, social justice and advocacy have been identified as the "fifth force." The document argues that integrative approaches represent an emerging "sixth force" and that the field is evolving toward a more comprehensive and holistic approach to address diverse individual and
This document analyzes five contemporary articles that apply the theory of groupthink to different contexts. The articles discuss groupthink in relation to foreign policy decision-making, jury dynamics, academia, and other areas. The document reviews each article's application of groupthink concepts like closed-mindedness and pressure for conformity. While groupthink lacks strong empirical support, the articles suggest it could provide insights if used to prevent faulty decision-making. However, more research is needed to understand how to effectively study and prevent the complex factors involved in groupthink.
Berlin Summer School Presentation Olsen Data Epistemology and Methods Paradig...Wendy Olsen
Berlin Summer School in Social Science. Presentation by Wendy Olsen on Epistemology (Aspects of Knowing) in Methodological Paradigms (Schools of Thought)
Realism, Constructivism, Positivism, Empiricism
Data, Epistemology, Methodology, and Methods Paradigms. Data Collection [book] London: Sage 2012 Date of presentation, July 23, 2014.
This document discusses concepts in philosophy. It begins by defining a concept as a constituent of thought. It then outlines key aspects of a metaphysical account of concepts, including their identity conditions and distinction between simple and complex concepts. It also discusses epistemological accounts of concept possession, acquisition, and categorization. The document then discusses the concept of educational philosophy and theory, noting the philosophical underpinnings of educational research. It argues that philosophical reflection is central to educational research methodology. Finally, it discusses different approaches philosophers can take to conceptual or linguistic analysis in educational thought and practice.
This document discusses the quantitative-qualitative debate regarding mixed methods research. It argues that quantitative and qualitative methods are based on different paradigms with differing views of reality. Specifically, quantitative methods assume an objective reality while qualitative methods see multiple subjective realities. Because of these differing views, the methods do not actually study the same phenomena. The document reviews arguments for combining methods but finds them inadequate as they do not address the underlying paradigmatic differences. It concludes that while methods cannot be combined for validation, they can be used complementarily to gain different perspectives.
Oom not doom a novel method for improving psychological science, Bradley WoodsNZ Psychological Society
The document summarizes a novel method called Observation Oriented Modeling (OOM) for improving psychological science. OOM aims to address issues with traditional research methods like overreliance on group-level analyses and improper use of null hypothesis significance testing. It uses binary coding of observations and matrix algebra operations to model causal relationships between deep structures in data. Statistics like the Classification Strength Index and Percent Correct Classification evaluate how well a target matrix is conformed by a rotated conforming matrix, indicating causal relationships.
This document provides an introduction to research, covering key areas such as the meaning of research, purpose of research, types of research, and the scientific method of inquiry. Research is defined as a systematic process of asking questions and answering them through objective and organized methods such as surveys and experiments. The main purposes of research are to describe phenomena, explain relationships, make predictions, and gain control over events. Educational research specifically aims to better understand and improve teaching and learning. The scientific method emphasizes objective, empirical, and systematic procedures to minimize bias.
This document discusses pragmatism and scientific freedom. It argues that pragmatism is a flexible approach that allows researchers to use what works best for their particular study. Pragmatism advocates using theories and approaches if they prove useful, without worrying about philosophical concepts like objective reality. Adopting pragmatism could help fight against rigid scientific structures and allow for more independent, free science. The document also discusses how science has been dominated by institutions and biased by money and politics. It argues that science should be free from such influences and restrictions on knowledge production and sharing.
Beyond four forces_the_evolution_of_psychotherapy (1)jayapratha9
This document discusses the evolution of psychotherapy theory through different "forces" or paradigms that have shaped the field over time. It describes how the first three forces were commonly identified as psychoanalytic, behavioral, and humanistic-existential approaches. The document then examines various theoretical models that have been described as the "fourth force" in the field, including transpersonal psychology, family systems theory, feminist psychology, multiculturalism, ecopsychology, and social constructivism. Recently, social justice and advocacy have been identified as the "fifth force." The document argues that integrative approaches represent an emerging "sixth force" and that the field is evolving toward a more comprehensive and holistic approach to address diverse individual and
This document analyzes five contemporary articles that apply the theory of groupthink to different contexts. The articles discuss groupthink in relation to foreign policy decision-making, jury dynamics, academia, and other areas. The document reviews each article's application of groupthink concepts like closed-mindedness and pressure for conformity. While groupthink lacks strong empirical support, the articles suggest it could provide insights if used to prevent faulty decision-making. However, more research is needed to understand how to effectively study and prevent the complex factors involved in groupthink.
Berlin Summer School Presentation Olsen Data Epistemology and Methods Paradig...Wendy Olsen
Berlin Summer School in Social Science. Presentation by Wendy Olsen on Epistemology (Aspects of Knowing) in Methodological Paradigms (Schools of Thought)
Realism, Constructivism, Positivism, Empiricism
Data, Epistemology, Methodology, and Methods Paradigms. Data Collection [book] London: Sage 2012 Date of presentation, July 23, 2014.
This document discusses concepts in philosophy. It begins by defining a concept as a constituent of thought. It then outlines key aspects of a metaphysical account of concepts, including their identity conditions and distinction between simple and complex concepts. It also discusses epistemological accounts of concept possession, acquisition, and categorization. The document then discusses the concept of educational philosophy and theory, noting the philosophical underpinnings of educational research. It argues that philosophical reflection is central to educational research methodology. Finally, it discusses different approaches philosophers can take to conceptual or linguistic analysis in educational thought and practice.
Chapter 19 models and theories focused on human existence and universal energystanbridge
The document discusses several nursing theories that propose alternative views of the human being and the environment beyond the biomedical model, including Martha Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Beings, Margaret Newman's Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness, Rosemarie Rizzo Parse's Humanbecoming theory, and Elizabeth Barrett's Power as Knowing Participation in Change. The theories view nursing as related to energy fields, patterns, and human-environmental processes rather than treating symptoms.
The researchers developed a new scale called the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) to measure psychological well-being and happiness. The OHQ is a more compact version of the original Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI) with single statement items rated on a 6-point scale, rather than multiple choice. Tests of the OHQ showed high reliability, strong correlation with the OHI, and associations with other validated well-being measures. Factor analysis identified a single dimension of well-being measured by the OHQ, suggesting it effectively captures an individual's overall level of happiness in a brief format. The researchers conclude the OHQ is a valid alternative to the OHI for measuring subjective psychological well-being.
This document discusses potential areas for future inquiry within the philosophy of medicine. It identifies several topics that have emerged from increased collaboration between philosophers and medical practitioners, including: (1) questions around data infrastructures and the definition of health and disease with new medical technologies; (2) updating theoretical frameworks for analyzing disease causation and their implications for tort law; (3) reexamining standards of evidence for regulatory contexts like drug safety; and (4) investigating relationships between evidence, values, and politics in public health. The document argues that philosophy of medicine is at a crossroads with opportunities to ask important new interdisciplinary questions and reinforce the societal and scientific relevance of philosophical inquiry.
This document discusses different views and definitions of research. It notes that research can be defined as a systematic process of gaining new information or answering questions. It also discusses research paradigms and the three main components - ontology, epistemology, and methodology. Positivism, interpretivism, and critical theory are examined as the three major research paradigms. Key characteristics and assumptions of each are outlined. Quantitative and qualitative methodologies are associated with positivism and interpretivism respectively. Specific methodologies like surveys, experiments, ethnography, phenomenology, and case studies are also discussed. The role of ethics in research is briefly covered at the end.
The rational choice theory, also known as choice theory or rational action theory, is a theory for understanding and often modelling social and economic as well as individual behaviour.
The document discusses the nature and role of theory in scientific research, defining key concepts like hypotheses, theories, and laws. It explains that scientific theories are well-established explanations for natural phenomena built from testable observations and hypotheses, playing important roles in scientific research such as being explanatory, predictive, and guiding further study. The document also contrasts inductive research, which develops theories from empirical data, with deductive research, which tests theory-inspired hypotheses.
The document compares and contrasts different social science paradigms at both the micro and macro levels. It discusses several paradigms including the conflict paradigm, functionalism, behavioralism, and perspectives based on human development theory. It also outlines four traditions in working with people with intellectual disabilities - rights-based, skills-based, behavioral, and developmental approaches. Natural sciences are seen as progressing from false to true views, while social sciences paradigms may gain or lose popularity but are seldom discarded.
This document discusses research paradigms and the logic of research. It defines key concepts like paradigm, ontology, epistemology and methodology. It outlines three main research paradigms - positivism, post-positivism, and critical theory - and how they differ in their basic beliefs and positions on practical research issues. The document also examines different logics of inquiry like induction, deduction, retroduction, and abduction; and how researchers can take a combined approach using elements of multiple strategies.
This document discusses the pragmatic approach to research. It defines pragmatism as using the method best suited to address the research problem. Pragmatism allows researchers to freely use quantitative and qualitative methods. The philosophy of pragmatism is that reality is determined by practical consequences and any useful way of thinking can lead to solutions. Pragmatism combines deductive and inductive reasoning and allows for both objective and subjective viewpoints. Mixed methods research integrates quantitative and qualitative data. Strengths of pragmatism include flexibility, while limitations include additional time and effort needed.
1. Paradigms are fundamental models or frames of reference that shape how we organize observations and reasoning. They lie behind theories and influence ways of looking at things. Examples include Marxism and structural functionalism.
2. Theories are systematic sets of statements that aim to explain aspects of social life through identifying relationships between facts, concepts, and variables, and developing testable explanations for patterns.
3. Methodologies establish whether theories accurately represent reality in a way respected by most, and vary from highly quantitative to highly qualitative approaches and often combine methods.
This document provides an overview of mechanisms in the sciences. It discusses prominent definitions of mechanisms, why mechanisms are important in sciences beyond physics, examples of mechanisms studied in biology and social science, what mechanisms are used for in explanation, evidence of mechanisms, the relationship between mechanisms and reasoning, pluralism vs monism in conceptualizing mechanisms, and the practical scientific use of mechanisms. The document serves as a field guide to the key concepts and debates around mechanisms across different domains of science.
In this paper various approaches, steps and objectives of research are listed and briefly discussed.
This paper discusses four common research approaches, Qualitative, Quantitative, Mixed methods and
Advocacy/participatory research, which were commonly used when conducting research. Research is indeed
civilization and determines the economic, social and political development of a nation. Research is Systematic
investigative process employed to increase or revise current knowledge by discovering new facts. All research
Approaches Examine and explore the different claims to knowledge and are designed to address a specific type
of research question.
Chapter 12 theories focused on interpersonal relationshipsstanbridge
The document summarizes several theories focused on interpersonal relationships in nursing. It discusses early theories like Peplau's that emphasized the nurse-patient relationship and its phases. Later theories incorporated humanistic approaches and focused on existential experiences and expanding consciousness. Theories continued evolving to emphasize patient strengths, preferences, and recovery. Philosophical changes in nursing, from positivism to postmodernism, influenced theoretical development.
Theory is a complex process of asking and answering questions to make sense of the world. It aims to describe phenomena, explain relationships, and predict outcomes. Commonsense theories are personal explanations, while scientific theories are more elaborate and systematic. Theorizing requires considering specific types of questions and providing principled answers to build logical narratives. When closely tied to practice through reflection, theory enhances understanding; but separating theory from practice can render it ineffective or negative.
Human irrationality seems more rationalDesign Horse
Behavioral economics is that part of economics that takes the knowledge of human psychology along with knowledge of economics and its theories into account. It makes it easy for users to simplify the decision-making process and build economic models that can be easily understood.
The document discusses different philosophies of science as they relate to nursing. It describes analytic philosophy which focuses on logic and finding a single truth through the scientific method. Continental philosophy examines lived experiences and connections between ideas. Nursing incorporates aspects of both in examining concepts, theories, and how to best understand and care for patients. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of understanding different philosophies and constantly questioning assumptions to evolve as a nurse.
This chapter discusses the research methodology and design used in the study. It begins by explaining the importance of understanding the philosophical assumptions that underpin research. The research design is described as a descriptive and interpretive case study analyzed through qualitative methods. Data collection methods included questionnaires, participant observation, interviews, and member checking. The chapter then explores the interpretive research paradigm in more detail and discusses how this paradigm frames the study. It provides an overview of the key characteristics of interpretivism, including the nature of reality, knowledge, and the relationship between the researcher and participants.
The document discusses what constitutes a theory according to various scholars. A theory is defined as a statement that explains relationships between concepts and answers how, why, and when questions. Theories are differentiated from descriptions, which answer what questions. Good theories explain phenomena, integrate literature, generate new predictions, and shape future research through testable hypotheses. The document also outlines processes for developing theories, such as writing explanations, creating visual models, developing propositions, and drafting papers.
This document provides information about the Collaborative Doctoral Awards (CDA) and new Collaborative Doctoral Partnerships (CDP) schemes run by the UK Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC). It describes the key elements of CDA studentships including genuine collaboration between universities and non-academic partners. It then highlights two example CDA projects and provides statistics on CDA awards from 2005-2012. The rest of the document outlines the new CDP scheme, eligibility requirements, timelines and contacts for questions.
The Peer Review College (PRC) is a group established in 2004 by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) to provide peer review of research funding applications. The PRC currently has around 1,500 members who are appointed for 4-year terms and expected to review 8 applications per year. Membership provides prestige and insight into the peer review process. The AHRC relies on the PRC to carry out efficient peer review using non-standing panels and prioritization assessments. Research organizations can help by submitting high quality applications and conducting internal peer review using AHRC guidance. The AHRC also supports research careers and training through various programs.
Chapter 19 models and theories focused on human existence and universal energystanbridge
The document discusses several nursing theories that propose alternative views of the human being and the environment beyond the biomedical model, including Martha Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Beings, Margaret Newman's Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness, Rosemarie Rizzo Parse's Humanbecoming theory, and Elizabeth Barrett's Power as Knowing Participation in Change. The theories view nursing as related to energy fields, patterns, and human-environmental processes rather than treating symptoms.
The researchers developed a new scale called the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) to measure psychological well-being and happiness. The OHQ is a more compact version of the original Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI) with single statement items rated on a 6-point scale, rather than multiple choice. Tests of the OHQ showed high reliability, strong correlation with the OHI, and associations with other validated well-being measures. Factor analysis identified a single dimension of well-being measured by the OHQ, suggesting it effectively captures an individual's overall level of happiness in a brief format. The researchers conclude the OHQ is a valid alternative to the OHI for measuring subjective psychological well-being.
This document discusses potential areas for future inquiry within the philosophy of medicine. It identifies several topics that have emerged from increased collaboration between philosophers and medical practitioners, including: (1) questions around data infrastructures and the definition of health and disease with new medical technologies; (2) updating theoretical frameworks for analyzing disease causation and their implications for tort law; (3) reexamining standards of evidence for regulatory contexts like drug safety; and (4) investigating relationships between evidence, values, and politics in public health. The document argues that philosophy of medicine is at a crossroads with opportunities to ask important new interdisciplinary questions and reinforce the societal and scientific relevance of philosophical inquiry.
This document discusses different views and definitions of research. It notes that research can be defined as a systematic process of gaining new information or answering questions. It also discusses research paradigms and the three main components - ontology, epistemology, and methodology. Positivism, interpretivism, and critical theory are examined as the three major research paradigms. Key characteristics and assumptions of each are outlined. Quantitative and qualitative methodologies are associated with positivism and interpretivism respectively. Specific methodologies like surveys, experiments, ethnography, phenomenology, and case studies are also discussed. The role of ethics in research is briefly covered at the end.
The rational choice theory, also known as choice theory or rational action theory, is a theory for understanding and often modelling social and economic as well as individual behaviour.
The document discusses the nature and role of theory in scientific research, defining key concepts like hypotheses, theories, and laws. It explains that scientific theories are well-established explanations for natural phenomena built from testable observations and hypotheses, playing important roles in scientific research such as being explanatory, predictive, and guiding further study. The document also contrasts inductive research, which develops theories from empirical data, with deductive research, which tests theory-inspired hypotheses.
The document compares and contrasts different social science paradigms at both the micro and macro levels. It discusses several paradigms including the conflict paradigm, functionalism, behavioralism, and perspectives based on human development theory. It also outlines four traditions in working with people with intellectual disabilities - rights-based, skills-based, behavioral, and developmental approaches. Natural sciences are seen as progressing from false to true views, while social sciences paradigms may gain or lose popularity but are seldom discarded.
This document discusses research paradigms and the logic of research. It defines key concepts like paradigm, ontology, epistemology and methodology. It outlines three main research paradigms - positivism, post-positivism, and critical theory - and how they differ in their basic beliefs and positions on practical research issues. The document also examines different logics of inquiry like induction, deduction, retroduction, and abduction; and how researchers can take a combined approach using elements of multiple strategies.
This document discusses the pragmatic approach to research. It defines pragmatism as using the method best suited to address the research problem. Pragmatism allows researchers to freely use quantitative and qualitative methods. The philosophy of pragmatism is that reality is determined by practical consequences and any useful way of thinking can lead to solutions. Pragmatism combines deductive and inductive reasoning and allows for both objective and subjective viewpoints. Mixed methods research integrates quantitative and qualitative data. Strengths of pragmatism include flexibility, while limitations include additional time and effort needed.
1. Paradigms are fundamental models or frames of reference that shape how we organize observations and reasoning. They lie behind theories and influence ways of looking at things. Examples include Marxism and structural functionalism.
2. Theories are systematic sets of statements that aim to explain aspects of social life through identifying relationships between facts, concepts, and variables, and developing testable explanations for patterns.
3. Methodologies establish whether theories accurately represent reality in a way respected by most, and vary from highly quantitative to highly qualitative approaches and often combine methods.
This document provides an overview of mechanisms in the sciences. It discusses prominent definitions of mechanisms, why mechanisms are important in sciences beyond physics, examples of mechanisms studied in biology and social science, what mechanisms are used for in explanation, evidence of mechanisms, the relationship between mechanisms and reasoning, pluralism vs monism in conceptualizing mechanisms, and the practical scientific use of mechanisms. The document serves as a field guide to the key concepts and debates around mechanisms across different domains of science.
In this paper various approaches, steps and objectives of research are listed and briefly discussed.
This paper discusses four common research approaches, Qualitative, Quantitative, Mixed methods and
Advocacy/participatory research, which were commonly used when conducting research. Research is indeed
civilization and determines the economic, social and political development of a nation. Research is Systematic
investigative process employed to increase or revise current knowledge by discovering new facts. All research
Approaches Examine and explore the different claims to knowledge and are designed to address a specific type
of research question.
Chapter 12 theories focused on interpersonal relationshipsstanbridge
The document summarizes several theories focused on interpersonal relationships in nursing. It discusses early theories like Peplau's that emphasized the nurse-patient relationship and its phases. Later theories incorporated humanistic approaches and focused on existential experiences and expanding consciousness. Theories continued evolving to emphasize patient strengths, preferences, and recovery. Philosophical changes in nursing, from positivism to postmodernism, influenced theoretical development.
Theory is a complex process of asking and answering questions to make sense of the world. It aims to describe phenomena, explain relationships, and predict outcomes. Commonsense theories are personal explanations, while scientific theories are more elaborate and systematic. Theorizing requires considering specific types of questions and providing principled answers to build logical narratives. When closely tied to practice through reflection, theory enhances understanding; but separating theory from practice can render it ineffective or negative.
Human irrationality seems more rationalDesign Horse
Behavioral economics is that part of economics that takes the knowledge of human psychology along with knowledge of economics and its theories into account. It makes it easy for users to simplify the decision-making process and build economic models that can be easily understood.
The document discusses different philosophies of science as they relate to nursing. It describes analytic philosophy which focuses on logic and finding a single truth through the scientific method. Continental philosophy examines lived experiences and connections between ideas. Nursing incorporates aspects of both in examining concepts, theories, and how to best understand and care for patients. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of understanding different philosophies and constantly questioning assumptions to evolve as a nurse.
This chapter discusses the research methodology and design used in the study. It begins by explaining the importance of understanding the philosophical assumptions that underpin research. The research design is described as a descriptive and interpretive case study analyzed through qualitative methods. Data collection methods included questionnaires, participant observation, interviews, and member checking. The chapter then explores the interpretive research paradigm in more detail and discusses how this paradigm frames the study. It provides an overview of the key characteristics of interpretivism, including the nature of reality, knowledge, and the relationship between the researcher and participants.
The document discusses what constitutes a theory according to various scholars. A theory is defined as a statement that explains relationships between concepts and answers how, why, and when questions. Theories are differentiated from descriptions, which answer what questions. Good theories explain phenomena, integrate literature, generate new predictions, and shape future research through testable hypotheses. The document also outlines processes for developing theories, such as writing explanations, creating visual models, developing propositions, and drafting papers.
This document provides information about the Collaborative Doctoral Awards (CDA) and new Collaborative Doctoral Partnerships (CDP) schemes run by the UK Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC). It describes the key elements of CDA studentships including genuine collaboration between universities and non-academic partners. It then highlights two example CDA projects and provides statistics on CDA awards from 2005-2012. The rest of the document outlines the new CDP scheme, eligibility requirements, timelines and contacts for questions.
The Peer Review College (PRC) is a group established in 2004 by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) to provide peer review of research funding applications. The PRC currently has around 1,500 members who are appointed for 4-year terms and expected to review 8 applications per year. Membership provides prestige and insight into the peer review process. The AHRC relies on the PRC to carry out efficient peer review using non-standing panels and prioritization assessments. Research organizations can help by submitting high quality applications and conducting internal peer review using AHRC guidance. The AHRC also supports research careers and training through various programs.
On Wednesday 29th January, the Doctoral Training Partnerships and Centres for Doctoral Training were launched at a conference at the University of Nottingham.
This document discusses a program that brought Egyptian art and cultural heritage workshops to prisons in the UK. It provided the following:
- Workshops and lectures on topics like art, literacy, social skills, African and Caribbean culture, black history, and Egyptology.
- Educational resources and curriculum learning about African and Caribbean cultural heritage.
The aims were to encourage cultural ownership, provide education stimulation, and evaluate the impact of teaching cultural heritage in prisons. Evaluation methods included questionnaires, studies, diaries and focus groups. The program found a positive two-way impact as it trained staff and helped prisoners connect to their cultural roots.
This document discusses efforts to increase the impact of research on secrecy and intelligence from a project called "Landscapes of Secrecy". It describes engaging with the media, websites, museums, and policymakers to disseminate the research findings. It outlines proposals for follow-on funding, including workshops and drafting policy briefs. Key lessons discussed are developing long-term relationships with a few "impact buddies", involving stakeholders from the start of research, and positioning the work to inform current policy debates.
The document contains information about an individual named Jen Morgan from the University of Salford in the United Kingdom who is visiting the Library of Congress Kluge Center and can be contacted via email.
The document summarizes the AHRC International Placement Scheme (IPS), which provides funding for UK scholars to conduct research at partner institutions in other countries. It describes the four current IPS partners (Library of Congress, National Institutes for the Humanities in Japan, Sarai Research Programme in India, and Huntington Library in the US). Statistics on applications and awards from 2012 are provided for each institution. Feedback from past fellows highlights the valuable resources, networking opportunities, and career benefits of the IPS placements.
This document summarizes a presentation about researching human rights and health care at the Library of Congress. The key points are:
1) The researcher's work focuses on the relationship between lack of access to health care and quality of life, and arguing for health care as a human right.
2) At the Library of Congress, the researcher found an enormous array of resources and uninterrupted research time, which allowed doubling the sources used within three months.
3) The research outcomes included papers for conferences and the researcher's thesis, with more sources read than originally anticipated due to the Library's collections.
This document outlines the key features and requirements of coordinating centres being established to support community engagement related to the centenary of World War 1. The centres will facilitate collaboration between academic and public histories, contribute to research themes, and provide expertise, training, and funding to support community projects. Successful proposals will demonstrate cross-sector collaboration, support for capacity building, and plans for sustainable legacies. Funding of up to £500,000 over 3 years will be provided to 5-7 selected centres.
The document discusses various social science disciplines including sociology, political science, psychology, anthropology, and economics. It defines each discipline and provides examples of topics studied within each field. It also discusses sociological research methods and key concepts like variables, hypotheses, validity, reliability, and triangulation of methods.
The document discusses key aspects of research methodology. It begins by defining research and methodology. It then covers the basic elements of research, including empiricism, determinism, and skepticism. Several definitions of research from different authors are provided. The key steps of the scientific method and research methodology cycle are outlined. It also discusses formulating hypotheses, including expressing hypotheses and guidelines for framing hypotheses. Experimental testing of hypotheses is discussed, including collecting and analyzing results and concluding research. Finally, it provides examples of potential science project topics and factors to consider for a good science research method.
This document summarizes a statistics lecture about the research process and why statistics are needed in optometry and vision science. It discusses the steps of evidence-based practice including asking questions, acquiring evidence, appraising evidence, and applying evidence. It also covers generating and testing theories, levels of measurement, measurement error, validity, reliability, types of research such as correlational and experimental research, and methods of data collection and analysis. The goal is to explain the research process and why statistics are an essential tool for evidence-based practice in optometry.
This document discusses different research paradigms and methodologies in health research. It begins by outlining the positivist and interpretivist paradigms, which represent different epistemological approaches to knowledge and ways of knowing about the world. The positivist paradigm is linked to quantitative research methods and aims to produce objective evidence through scientific principles. The interpretivist paradigm is based on the principle that knowledge derives from human perception, and thus qualitative research methods are used that consider how human subjects understand the world. The document then discusses advantages and disadvantages of quantitative and qualitative research methods. It also introduces mixed methods research, which combines both approaches. Finally, it outlines some specific qualitative research methods commonly used in health research, including using documents, interviews,
Science is the pursuit of knowledge and understanding of the world through objective and evidence-based research. The document discusses key aspects of the scientific method including forming testable hypotheses, conducting experiments and studies, and drawing conclusions from the data while avoiding bias. It provides examples of descriptive research methods like case studies and surveys that observe behaviors, as well as experimental research that tests hypotheses by manipulating variables and using control groups. The importance of reliability, validity, and statistical significance is emphasized when evaluating research findings.
Slide 1 what is social science social science is about examininrock73
Social science examines human behavior and interactions using empirical and scientific methods. It studies people and societies while natural sciences examine natural processes. Both use verifiable data and logical reasoning but social science must account for how research is a product of time and place as societies change.
Research is conducted for various reasons like influencing policy, academic inquiry, and personal interests. The main types of research are descriptive, exploratory, explanatory, and evaluation. Research methods can be quantitative using numbers or qualitative using words. Key aspects researchers must understand are theories, hypotheses, independent and dependent variables, and operational definitions. Research can use deductive reasoning starting with a theory or inductive reasoning developing a theory from data.
1. The document outlines different types of research designs - descriptive studies that observe phenomena without manipulation, and experimental studies that intentionally introduce a treatment and observe the results.
2. Descriptive studies collect information to demonstrate relationships, while experimental studies test hypotheses by manipulating variables and using control groups.
3. Research design provides a framework and plan to address research questions while maintaining integrity, protecting subjects, and minimizing bias. The chosen design depends on the question, resources, and feasibility.
This document provides an introduction to research fundamentals for activists. It discusses key concepts like quantitative and qualitative research, research ethics, study designs and interpreting results. The goal is to build activists' research literacy so they can engage in evidence-based advocacy. Some highlights include:
- Community advisory boards can help ensure research addresses community priorities and concerns.
- Quantitative research uses numerical data and closed-ended questions, while qualitative explores beliefs and experiences through open-ended questions. Both have pros and cons depending on the question.
- HIV activists have a long history of using scientific evidence to inform their advocacy agenda and influence research agendas to better address their communities' needs.
- Research ethics principles like respect,
Modules3.1Suppose you are interested in the behaviors of colle.docxgilpinleeanna
Modules
3.1
Suppose you are interested in the behaviors of college professors that have high ratings of student satisfaction. The research goal is to identify the teaching behaviors of these successful professors so that these behaviors can be built into the curricula of doctoral leadership programs. The sample for this study will consist of 10 randomly selected professors who received high end-of-course survey scores. You want to use a case study design that requires at least two sources of data. What data collection instruments will be the most appropriate to address this topic? Why?
3.2
It is not unusual for researchers to use a convenience sample for their study. Consider a study in which the researcher would like to determine how parents working with their children on homework influence the child's school grades. The researcher may consider recruiting friends and relatives to participate in your study because it will be easier to obtain their permission for data collection. What might be some of the limitations of this sampling approach? What are some potential ethical implications to using a convenience sample?
4.1
Consider the Ute Mountain Utes, a Native American tribe in Colorado. Tourism is a key part of that group's income. Suppose a national economic problem similar to the economic collapse of late 2008 greatly reduced tourism and derived income for this population. Would a grounded theory or a phenomenological approach be the more effective means to understand the influences of that event 5 years later? Why?
4.2
Suppose you are interested in how children with severe autism experienced the receipt of special education assistance in public schools. This population is characterized by underdevelopment of social cognition, social skills, and language skills. What is the best method for collecting data to answer your research question? Why is this method best? How would you describe the research design?
Theories
Virtue Ethics
Virtue ethics is distinct from both utilitarianism and deontology. Rather than focusing on the consequences of the act we wish to evaluate, or the reason or rule that guides the action, we look at the character of the person performing the act. Virtue ethics, thus, seeks to determine not what makes an act good but what makes a person virtuous.
Deontology
Rather than looking at the consequences of an act, deontology looks at the reason for which an act is done, and the rule according to which one chooses to act. Deontology doesn't deny that acts have consequences; rather, it insists that those consequences should not play a role in our moral evaluation of such acts.
Definition of Deontology
Utilitarianism is sometimes called a consequentialist theory because it evaluates whether an act is right or wrong in terms of the act's consequences. In contrast to consequentialist theories, a number of different approaches suggest distinct ways of evaluating the morality of an act. ...
Social research is a research conducted by social scientists following a systematic plan. Social research methodologies can be classified as quantitative and qualitative.
Comparing And Contrasting Qualitative And Quantitative...Ashley Fisher
This document discusses the history and evolution of social research on natural disasters. It began during the Cold War when governments wanted to understand how citizens would react during crises like a nuclear attack. Researchers studied natural disasters to learn about social behavior under extreme conditions. The Disaster Research Center was founded to conduct qualitative studies through interviews and observations after disasters. While foundational, the document argues this research is now at a threshold where it needs to evolve to address modern challenges.
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1. Bioethics examines ethical issues that emerge from advances in science and medicine. It addresses dilemmas that arise when different parties hold conflicting values regarding appropriate care for patients.
2. Major historical events that shaped the field include the Nuremberg trials, which established standards of informed consent after Nazi human experiments, and the development of key principles like autonomy, non-maleficence, and beneficence.
3. Resolving bioethical dilemmas requires a systematic approach, including clarifying the medical facts and stakeholders' preferences, analyzing which values are most relevant, and making recommendations through shared decision-making.
The document provides an overview of research methodology. It defines key terminology related to research such as population, sample, variables, and statistics. It discusses different types of research designs including observational studies like cross-sectional and case-control studies as well as experimental designs like randomized clinical trials. The document also covers topics like formulating research questions and hypotheses, sampling methods, levels of evidence in clinical research, and the various steps involved in the research process from data collection to interpretation and reporting of findings.
This document provides an ethical framework for analyzing public health dilemmas. It distinguishes three major philosophical approaches: utilitarianism, which is based on consequences and maximizing overall well-being; liberalism, which focuses on individual rights and opportunities; and communitarianism, which emphasizes virtue and the appropriate social order. The document explores each approach in depth and discusses how they relate to public health policy debates. It concludes that health professionals need enhanced skills in applied philosophy to improve policy deliberations on the inherent ethical issues in public health.
Florida National University Nursing Leadership Discussion.pdfsdfghj21
This document discusses several topics related to nursing ethics including:
1. It provides examples of behaviors that may be considered ethical but illegal, legal but unethical, illegal and unethical, or legal and ethical.
2. It differentiates between deontological theories, utilitarianism, and principlism as ethical frameworks.
3. It asks questions about disclosing a poor prognosis or private health information to clients against their or their family's wishes.
1. Causal pluralism recognizes that causation cannot be reduced to a single concept, but rather involves several philosophical questions and scientific problems related to causality.
2. Public health challenges can benefit from pluralistic approaches to causality and evidence, as one typically needs both evidence of correlation and mechanisms to establish causal claims and design interventions.
3. Specifying the complexity of causal relationships, rather than reducing complexity, allows public health experts to clearly address questions about the target population, likelihood of interventions succeeding, and generation and assessment of evidence needed to design effective policies while improving communication.
DRUGS New agreement to tackle pharmaceutical pollution p.1AlyciaGold776
DRUGS New agreement to
tackle pharmaceutical
pollution p.164
WORLD VIEW Vaccination
the best way to measure
health care p.165
DUNG OVER Rolling beetles
fooled by look-alike
seeds p.167
Let’s think about cognitive bias
The human brain’s habit of finding what it wants to find is a key problem for research. Establishing
robust methods to avoid such bias will make results more reproducible.
“Ever since I first learned about confirmation bias I’ve been see-ing it everywhere.” So said British author and broadcaster Jon Ronson in So You’ve Been Publicly Shamed (Picador, 2015).
You will see a lot of cognitive bias in this week’s Nature. In a series
of articles, we examine the impact that bias can have on research, and
the best ways to identify and tackle it. One enemy of robust science
is our humanity — our appetite for being right, and our tendency to
find patterns in noise, to see supporting evidence for what we already
believe is true, and to ignore the facts that do not fit.
The sources and types of such cognitive bias — and the fallacies they
produce — are becoming more widely appreciated. Some of the prob-
lems are as old as science itself, and some are new: the IKEA effect, for
example, describes a cognitive bias among consumers who place artifi-
cially high value on products that they have built themselves. Another
common fallacy in research is the Texas sharp-shooter effect — fir-
ing off a few rounds and then drawing a bull’s eye around the bullet
holes. And then there is asymmetrical attention: carefully debugging
analyses and debunking data that counter a favoured hypothesis, while
letting evidence in favour of the hypothesis slide by unexamined.
Such fallacies sound obvious and easy to avoid. It is easy to think that
they only affect other people. In fact, they fall naturally into investiga-
tors’ blind spots (see page 182).
Advocates of robust science have repeatedly warned against cogni-
tive habits that can lead to error. Although such awareness is essential,
it is insufficient. The scientific community needs concrete guidance on
how to manage its all-too-human biases and avoid the errors they cause.
That need is particularly acute in statistical data analysis, where
some of the best-established methods were developed in a time before
data sets were measured in terabytes, and where choices between tech-
niques offer abundant opportunity for errors. Proteomics and genom-
ics, for example, crunch millions of data points at once, over thousands
of gene or protein variants. Early work was plagued by false positives,
before the spread of techniques that could account for the myriad
hypotheses that such a data-rich environment could generate.
Although problems persist, these fields serve as examples of commu-
nities learning to recognize and curb their mistakes. Another example is
the venerable practice of double-blind studies. But more effort is needed,
particularly in what some have called evidence- ...
The document discusses factors that influence people in New Zealand to use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). CAM is broadly defined as health practices outside of mainstream medicine in a given society. The New Zealand health system uses a definition of CAM as practices intended to prevent or treat illness or promote well-being that are self-defined as such by users. While New Zealand lacks recent data on CAM use, past surveys show little is known about the social and psychological reasons behind why people choose CAM. More research is needed to better understand people's motivations for using CAM in New Zealand.
This document provides information about applying for funding from the HERA Joint Research Programme on the theme of "Uses of the Past". Key points:
- The programme pools €21 million from 23 European countries and the EU for humanities research projects involving at least 4 researchers from 4 eligible countries.
- Applicants must submit an outline proposal by April 9, 2015 following the prescribed format. Successful applicants will then be invited to submit a full proposal.
- Projects can be up to €1.2 million and 36 months. Proposals will be evaluated on criteria like relevance, excellence, innovation, impact, and European added value.
- The
This document summarizes a research project called "Fashioning the Early Modern" that examines creativity and innovation in fashion in Europe between 1500-1800. The project is led by researchers from Queen Mary University of London, the Victoria and Albert Museum, and universities in Stockholm, Copenhagen, and Helsinki. It seeks to understand how certain fashions became popular while others did not, how fashion ideas spread across borders, and how knowledge of past fashion can inform modern creative practices. The project involves workshops, conferences, research in archives, and collaborations with museums to collect data and support exhibitions. Outputs will include publications, a website, and support for gallery renovations at the Victoria and Albert Museum. Lessons learned emphasize the importance of understanding
This document discusses the HERA (Humanities in the European Research Area) network and its upcoming joint research programme called "Uses of the Past".
HERA is a network of national humanities research councils across Europe that coordinates research policies, establishes joint research programmes, evaluates the impact of humanities research, and promotes humanities. The upcoming "Uses of the Past" programme will fund projects exploring how the past is used, both constructively and contentiously, with a focus on identity, norms/values, media/culture, transnational dynamics, and informing current issues. It encourages interdisciplinary, international collaboration with non-academic partners to address these themes in new ways.
The document discusses the challenges and lessons learned from the SAWS (Sharing Ancient Wisdoms) project, which aimed to bring together specialists from different disciplines to create a single digital library of ancient Greek and Arabic wisdom literature. Some of the key frontiers that had to be crossed included working across national borders, different academic administrations, languages, disciplines, and generations. Building trust and understanding between partners from varied backgrounds took ongoing effort. The project leaders hope the methodology they developed will be useful for other collaborations in the future.
The document summarizes resources available at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin, including their extensive collections of manuscripts, books, photographs, and works of art from famous authors, artists and photographers. Some of the notable collections mentioned include works by Edgar Allan Poe, Jack Kerouac, William Shakespeare, and photographers Robert Capa and Magnum Photos. Events are also highlighted, such as a reading by novelist Ian McEwan, and information provided about facilities for research fellows.
The document summarizes an internship at the Library of Congress in Washington DC. It describes the LOC as the largest library in the world, located in the heart of American politics and surrounded by culture and art. It has extensive collections covering many topics that total over 158 million items. The internship provided opportunities to immerse oneself in research, gain understanding of American law and politics, contribute to future research projects, and make professional connections by meeting with experts and presenting work.
The document discusses James West's experience as a fellow at the Library of Congress. It provides an overview of the Library of Congress, describing it as the largest library in the world with over 150 million physical items. It also notes the excellent research environment and resources available to fellows. The document outlines the personal and general support fellows receive and the sense of community among researchers. Finally, it briefly describes the housing experiences of James West and other fellows.
The Shanghai Theatre Academy was founded in 1956 and has undergone several name changes since. It is a leading research institution focused on performing arts from China, including Chinese opera. Current research areas examine intercultural communication between Europe and China through performing arts and interpreting Chinese culture and creative industries using Chinese opera.
This document provides an overview of Samson Kambalu's time as an IPS Fellow at the Yale Center for British Art in 2014. It mentions locations at Yale University such as the Taft Apartments and Beinecke Library. It also references works by William Blake that Kambalu engaged with. Additionally, it outlines Kambalu's research on the Sanguinetti Papers and Guy Debord's letters during his fellowship.
The document discusses the resources and benefits available to researchers at the Huntington Library in California. It highlights the breadth and depth of the collections, including rare pamphlets, photographs, and manuscripts. Dedicated curators are available to provide expertise on specific collections and advise researchers. The Huntington Library also aims to foster a community of scholars through workshops, seminars and social events. Visiting researchers can experience professional development opportunities through networking with other academics and exposure to talks and conferences hosted at the library.
The document discusses Joseph Wright works that are housed at the Yale Center for British Art. It contains images of art galleries at the National Gallery of Art in Washington DC and the Boston Museum of Fine Arts. The Yale Center for British Art exhibits some paintings by Joseph Wright.
The AHRC International Placement Scheme (IPS) provides fellowships for doctoral students and early career researchers to conduct research at internationally renowned institutions. The IPS started in 2005 and has placed over 270 fellows across 6 host institutions, including the Library of Congress, Smithsonian Institute, National Institutes for the Humanities in Japan, Huntington Library, Harry Ransom Center, and Yale Center for British Art. In 2015, Shanghai Theatre Academy was added as a new host. The IPS aims to provide dedicated access to host collections and resources, enhance scholars' research, and create networking opportunities. Applicants must be in receipt of AHRC or ESRC funding and conduct research relevant to their funding within an AHRC/ESRC subject area
On 14th November 2014, members of ARMA (Association of Research Managers and Administrators) were invited to a study tour at the AHRC offices in Swindon. The day provided ARMA members with the opportunity to learn more about the AHRC, and upcoming developments of interest. The day included presentations on:
- The AHRC’s 10th Anniversary activities
- The AHRC's new area of Business Processes and Analysis
- European Funding – Horizon 2020 and HERA
- The Knowledge Exchange Hubs: lessons and legacy
- Research Outcomes and Researchfish
This document discusses a project examining the role and purpose of academic books in serving scholarship and learning. The project has two phases: the first involves literature reviews and evidence gathering to understand issues, and the second establishes a community coalition to conduct focused mini-projects. The goal is to investigate opportunities and challenges of technological developments while extensively consulting the academic, publishing, and library communities. The project aims to sustain and enhance the impact of arts and humanities research by navigating breadth and depth of impact from all perspectives.
The HEFCE Monographs & Open Access Project was set up to identify and clarify issues around making monographs openly accessible online, taking a long-term perspective beyond REF 2020. The project examines the culture of monographs in the humanities and social sciences, whether there is a crisis for the monograph form, and how publishing innovations and access models may impact monographs. The project has convened an expert group, conducted research including focus groups, and will report findings to HEFCE in late 2014. Key issues being considered include the role and definition of the monograph, peer review and quality standards, licensing models, and ensuring a balance of private and public benefits from any new models.
The document summarizes a report on challenges for early career researchers (ECRs) pursuing academic careers in the arts and humanities. It finds that 92% of ECRs on fixed-term contracts expressed career concerns, compared to 60% on permanent contracts. ECRs felt short-term posts hindered skills development and publishing. While universities said they supported ECRs, ECR perceptions did not match this. The discussion focused on how subject associations and AHRC could help address issues like mentoring and networking to share experiences. Some initiatives provided resources for unemployed PhDs or supported early career historians.
The AHRC launched a major new funding initiative in modern languages: the Open World Research Initiative (OWRI) on12th May 2014 in London. It provided an opportunity for academics and partners to learn more about the initiative and to network with other organisations, prior to releasing a call for Expressions of Interest. These are the slides from the launch event.
On Wednesday 29th January, the Doctoral Training Partnerships and Centres for Doctoral Training were launched at a conference at the University of Nottingham.
A town meeting was held at the British Library to launch the call for The Academic Book of the Future. This call, in association with the British Library, relates to the AHRC's Digital Transformations in the Arts and Humanities Theme. The call’s aim is to explore the future of the academic book in the context of open access publishing and the digital revolution. A single consortium will be funded through this scheme, with total project costs up to a value of £450k FEC, with AHRC providing 80% of the costs, and lasting up to 24 months from October 2014.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Maja Maricevic on the academic book of the future project. The project will explore the future of academic publishing, including monographs and edited collections, considering changing technologies and open access. It will address implications for book production, research and publishing processes, libraries, and readers. The British Library is committed to collecting and providing access to scholarly content, including digital formats, and their role in the project includes advising, collaborating, and sharing expertise.
More from Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) (20)
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptxSitimaJohn
Ocean Lotus cyber threat actors represent a sophisticated, persistent, and politically motivated group that poses a significant risk to organizations and individuals in the Southeast Asian region. Their continuous evolution and adaptability underscore the need for robust cybersecurity measures and international cooperation to identify and mitigate the threats posed by such advanced persistent threat groups.
Dive into the realm of operating systems (OS) with Pravash Chandra Das, a seasoned Digital Forensic Analyst, as your guide. 🚀 This comprehensive presentation illuminates the core concepts, types, and evolution of OS, essential for understanding modern computing landscapes.
Beginning with the foundational definition, Das clarifies the pivotal role of OS as system software orchestrating hardware resources, software applications, and user interactions. Through succinct descriptions, he delineates the diverse types of OS, from single-user, single-task environments like early MS-DOS iterations, to multi-user, multi-tasking systems exemplified by modern Linux distributions.
Crucial components like the kernel and shell are dissected, highlighting their indispensable functions in resource management and user interface interaction. Das elucidates how the kernel acts as the central nervous system, orchestrating process scheduling, memory allocation, and device management. Meanwhile, the shell serves as the gateway for user commands, bridging the gap between human input and machine execution. 💻
The narrative then shifts to a captivating exploration of prominent desktop OSs, Windows, macOS, and Linux. Windows, with its globally ubiquitous presence and user-friendly interface, emerges as a cornerstone in personal computing history. macOS, lauded for its sleek design and seamless integration with Apple's ecosystem, stands as a beacon of stability and creativity. Linux, an open-source marvel, offers unparalleled flexibility and security, revolutionizing the computing landscape. 🖥️
Moving to the realm of mobile devices, Das unravels the dominance of Android and iOS. Android's open-source ethos fosters a vibrant ecosystem of customization and innovation, while iOS boasts a seamless user experience and robust security infrastructure. Meanwhile, discontinued platforms like Symbian and Palm OS evoke nostalgia for their pioneering roles in the smartphone revolution.
The journey concludes with a reflection on the ever-evolving landscape of OS, underscored by the emergence of real-time operating systems (RTOS) and the persistent quest for innovation and efficiency. As technology continues to shape our world, understanding the foundations and evolution of operating systems remains paramount. Join Pravash Chandra Das on this illuminating journey through the heart of computing. 🌟
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
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Letter and Document Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Sol...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on automated letter generation for Bonterra Impact Management using Google Workspace or Microsoft 365.
Interested in deploying letter generation automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
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Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process MiningLucaBarbaro3
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Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
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Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
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https://www.wask.co/ebooks/digital-marketing-trends-in-2024
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Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
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1. MATTERS OF INTERPRETATION:
ON THE ENDS & MEANS OF
HEALTH PROMOTION
David Buchanan
Arts & Humanities Research Council Connected
Communities Workshop
September 19-21, 2011, Cardiff, Wales
2. Key questions
How should we think about improving the health of
communities, or individual health? How should we think about
changing people’s (unhealthy lifestyle) behaviors? Is it a
scientific problem, the validity of which is to be assessed on the
basis of effectiveness in producing behavior change? Or a
moral and political problem, the validity of which should be
assessed on the degree of moral consensus?
Does it matter which framework we apply?
3. Key questions
What should the goals of health promotion &
education be? How should they be determined?
What methods should we use to achieve these goals?
4. Outline of talk
I. Contrasting assumptions: naturalistic & humanistic
views on human nature
II. Health promotion goals, individual level
III. Health promotion methods, individual level
IV. Health Promotion goals, community level
V. Health promotion methods, community level
5. I. Contrasting assumptions
Scientific approach to health promotion
Based on the epistemological paradigm of naturalism
6. Assumptions of naturalism
Current research and practice in health promotion are based on the
assumption that there is no essential difference between human
nature and the laws of physics that govern cause-and-effect
relationships in the natural world. Under the assumptions of the
epistemological paradigm of naturalism, human behavior is
determined by discrete independent antecedent factors.
Therefore, just as we can accurately predict the effects of the pull of
gravity, and so design a rocket ship that can fly to the moon, so we
can identify the forces that drive human behavior, and so develop
interventions to modify them, to produce different outcomes, for
example, reductions in cigarette smoking, or levels of obesity.
7. Assumptions of naturalism
Importantly, in this paradigm, the level of confidence
that one has in truth claims is directly proportional to
the rigor of the research design. Thus, the validity of
claims about what might be the cause of behavior can
be definitively determined to be true only by testing
hypotheses, of the “If-then” form, by demonstration
and proof in experimental research designs.
8. Scientific method
In this approach, researchers use the exact same research design
that is used to test the efficacy of new AIDS medications, or
hypertension or anti-cancer drugs
Identify problem
State hypothesis
Recruit sample population
Randomization
Baseline measures
Run new treatment & comparison interventions
Compare outcomes
Draw conclusions
9. Hierarchy of knowledge
Evidence based medicine: The degree of confidence in validity
of results is increased by eliminating various threats to the validity
Randomized Controlled Trials
Quasi-Experimental Research Designs
Prospective Cohort Studies
Cross-sectional Studies
Retrospective Case-Control Studies
Case Series & Registries
Case Studies
- Evidence-Based Working Group. Evidenced-Based Medicine: A New
Approach to Teaching the Practice of Medicine. JAMA,
268(17):2420-2425, 1992.
10. Byproduct of scientific method
Whether by intent or not, the results of experiments
give researchers the power to control and change the
outcomes of the experiment.
For example, according to the ideal gas law (PV=nRT), one
knows exactly how much the pressure will rise for every
degree of temperature that a closed container is heated.
One can predict and control the pressure however one
wishes by raising or lowering the temperature.
In the case of health promotion research, the outcome
of interest is human behavior.
11. Applied science of health promotion
Theory of Planned Behavior; see diagram next page
In the scientific model, one designs interventions that will
change the independent variables in order to change the
dependent variable under investigation, i.e., a given unhealthy
behavior (e.g., smoking, overeating, low physical activity).
In the TPB, researcher test interventions to determine the
results, e.g., if the intervention changes one’s attitudes or norms,
then will it change their intentions and behaviors?
Proven interventions must be replicated with fidelity.
12. Theory of Planned Behavior
Outcome
expectations
Attitudes
Outcome
evaluations Intentions Behavior
Perceived
normative belief
Norms Perceived
Importance of behavior
person
control
13. Community level
At the community level, the goals of health promotion are
generally set by a utilitarian logic.
What are the leading causes of mortality? (Answer: heart
disease, cancer, strokes)
What are the leading risk factors for heart disease? (Answer:
smoking & obesity)
Therefore, the number one priority in health promotion is to
reduce smoking, and obesity, through the most effective (and
efficient) means possible, as determined by the results of
scientific experiments.
14. Critique of scientific approach to health
promotion
Following Max Weber, the Canadian philosopher, Charles
Taylor sees the application of the scientific method to predict
and control human behavior as another instance of the modern
phenomenon of the rise of instrumental reason.
The German philosopher Jurgen Habermas expresses similar
concern about the “colonization of the life world,” in which the
aim of strategically manipulating people to do what you want
them to do takes precedent over reaching common agreement
about the best course of action.
15. Rise of instrumental reason
According to Taylor, the rise of “instrumental reason” is a “massively
important phenomenon” underlying the perplexing sense of loss, malaise,
and disintegration widely felt in modern culture. IR is the intellectual
tendency to give precedence to thinking about means, rather than ends.
Coined by Max Weber, the term “instrumental reason” refers to a pattern
of thinking dedicated to the methodical expansion of human control and
domination “by means of an increasingly precise calculation of adequate
means.” Weber used the term to characterize the modern preoccupation
with determining the most effective means to a given end, to the neglect of
the evaluation of the ends themselves, a turn of events that he referred to
as the “iron cage of modernity.” As Selznick states, “Reason is instrumental
when it abdicates responsibility for determining ends and restricts itself to
ways and means.”
16. Summary
My concern about the scientific approach to health promotion
is that it reinforces the rise of instrumental reason, and in
particular, how we think about our relation to our fellow
community members, whether it is to figure out the most
effective way to get them to lose 3-4 kilos, or whether it is to
reach agreement about the kind of society we want to live in
together. (Is a community in which no one has a BMI over 25
the most desirable state we can imagine, the goal most worth
striving for?)
17. An alternative humanistic approach
There are many ways in which scientific and
humanistic approaches to thinking about the human
condition can be contrasted. (See chart next page.)
The most critical, essential difference turns on the
question of free will, whether one assumes that human
beings have the capacity to choose (or whether it is
determined by discrete antecedent independent
causal variables).
18. Chart of differences
Characteristic Scientific Humanistic
Central paradigmatic concern Is this true? Is this good?
Type of analysis Empirical Normative
Research objective Explain causes of phenomena; Justify best course of action; clarify
establish facts values
Question of interest Search for causes: What are the Search for reasons: What is the best
causes of x? Does A cause X? course of action? Should one do X?
Raw Data Observations Reasons
Goal of analysis Explanation Justification
Warrants of validity Experiments, hypothesis-testing, Coherence, “wide reflective
levels of evidence equilibrium,” consensus
19. On the question of free will
The question of free will is considered an open question by
philosophers.
According to the American phil;osopher John Searle: “Our self-
conception derives in part from our cultural inheritance, but mostly it
derives from our own experience. We have a conception of
ourselves as conscious, intentionalistic, rational, social, institutional,
political speech-act performing, ethical and free will possessing
agents. Now the questions is, How can we square this conception of
ourselves as mindful, meaning-creating, free rational, etc. agents
with a universe that consists entirely of mindless, un-free, non-
rational, brute physical particles? . . . I see this family of questions as
setting the agenda for the subject of philosophy for the foreseeable
future.”
20. My position
The scientific model is powerfully (almost overwhelmingly) appealing
because it is so effective in controlling forces in the natural world, for
example, in the development of new drugs to control hypertension.
For this, I am eternally grateful.
However, the scientific method is limited by the types of questions is
can answer, only those of the “If-then” form.
It can tell us nothing about the meaning of different values by which
humans choose to live their lives. What is the nature of the good
society? The scientific method is mute.
Hence , we need a humanistic approach to understand the meaning,
morality and motivation of human action.
21. My position
If it is an open question whether human beings have free will,
then what would health promotion look like if we based it on
humanistic assumptions?
It would require us to examine the ends and means of health
promotion – and the relationship between ends and means –
carefully.
22. II. Ends of health promotion, Individual level
Instead of uncritically accepting that the reduction of heart
disease (and hence, smoking) is the most important goal for
health promotion, we need to ask whether improvements in
physical health indicators trump other potential values, such as
the value of human well-being.
Developing compelling visions of human well-being is
essentially and inextricably a humanistic research project.
23. Implications for Research
Instead of developing theories from which one can
derive hypotheses, an alternative (humanistic) approach
to developing theory might look as follows:
“The point of developing theory is to outline and
define life situations so that people may have a
clearer understanding of their world through
meaningful clarification of basic social values, modes
of living and social relations.”
- Herbert Blumer, 1970
24. Theories about the ends of health
promotion at the individual level
Humanistic theories of human well-being
Hedonistic, preference satisfaction, and objective
James Griffin’s objective account in his Well Being
Human beings need five types of experiences of
experiences to enjoy well being:
Autonomy
Self-Understanding
Accomplishment
Enjoyment
Deep interpersonal relationships
25. The ends of health promotion, Individual
level
Please let me re-iterate that these issues are always matters of
interpretation, about which we try to put forward the most
compelling account that we can muster, recognizing that is will
always be fallible, but the goodness of which can be seen in
the degree to which others are inspired by the case we have
made.
Only a humanistic approach to health promotion can tell us
what it means to love a good life.
26. Individual well being
“Autonomy is conceived of a second order capacity
of persons to reflect critically upon their first order
preferences, desires, and wishes, and the capacity to
accept or to attempt to change these in light of higher
order preferences and values. By exercising such a
capacity, persons define their nature, give meaning
and coherence to their lives, and take responsibility
for the kind of person they are.”
- Gerald Dworkin, 1988
27. Autonomy
In Taylor’s account, “It seems to be peculiarly
characteristic of humans, however, that they are able
to form . . . second-order desires. . . Our desires are
classified in such categories as higher and lower,
virtuous and vicious, more or less fulfilling, more or
less refined, profound and superficial, noble and
base.”
28. Research implications
What are the higher values by which we might judge
our immediate felt desires to be beneath us, as not
exemplifying the kind of person we are striving to
become?
Why shouldn’t I have another piece of cake?
Why shouldn’t I sleep with my neighbor’s wife?
On what grounds do we choose to act, or not to act,
on felt desires?
29. Implications for practice
Therefore, to promote health, the task before the field is to
promote practices that enable people to excel in evaluating
their desires. The good life is the life spent seeking clearer
understandings of values we think important to realize and
striving to live our lives more closely attuned to those values.
The end of health promotion is, accordingly, the life of
integrity.
“To have integrity is to be unmarred by distortion, deception,
or other forms of disharmony and inauthenticity.” – Phillip
Selznick
30. Challenges
Articulating meaningful values that can reasonably be
defended is perhaps the greatest challenge of
modernity.
Since Nietzsche decried the death of god, the project
of identifying and defining values that matter
constantly threatens to collapse into a state of
nihilism, as recently described by a British political
pundit (see next page)
31. Value of autonomy
Although I want to resist thinking about autonomy in
instrumental terms, there is tremendous empirical
evidence that the more people experience autonomy,
the better their (physical) health.
What is autonomy? Is this a value that we want to
promote?
32. The threat of nihilism, nothing matters
“Social problems that have been festering for decades have
exploded in our face. Irresponsibility. Selfishness. Behaving as if
your choices have no consequences. Children without fathers.
Schools without discipline. Reward without effort. Crime without
punishment. Rights without responsibilities. Communities without
control. Some of the worst aspects of human nature tolerated,
indulged, sometimes even incentivized, by a state and its agencies
that in parts have become literally de-moralized.”
- David Cameron, Prime Minister
33. Self-understanding
The second experience that human beings must have
to enjoy a sense of well-being is self-understanding.
34. Implications for research
How can we assist people in gaining a deeper self-
understanding of the motives behind their actions?
How can we help people (and ourselves) creatively
articulate the kind of person they want to become?
In contrast to scientific assumptions (where behavior is seen
to be determined by past events), a humanistic approach
sees that people can imagine different futures and seek to
realize them.
35. Accomplishment
A third experience that human beings must have to enjoy
a sense of well-being is a sense of accomplishment.
The opportunities that are open to individuals to achieve
meaningful accomplishments is closely tied to our
understanding of the nature of the just society.
Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum have attempted to
enumerate the kinds of capabilities that people should be
able to exercise to have lived a life worth living.
36. III. Means of health promotion, individual
level
Dialogue
Narrative
Role of emotions
Responsibility
38. Dialogue
“Like most of the elemental notions -- justice, integrity -- that guide our moral
life, we do not have a sharply discriminating, operational definition ready at
hand. Rather, we proceed by mutually intelligible intimations, affirming this,
denying that, each claim suggesting an aspect of the whole that we vaguely
discern but cannot readily grasp. . . This is what makes reasoned argument
possible. We persist in trying to persuade our antagonists that there is some
crucial element of the matter at hand that their case neglects, and we proceed
in the good faith that, if we show them this perceptively, if we illuminate them,
they may change their minds. And for our part, we presume that we may learn
from the deliberation, which is to say, we keep open, and positively, the
prospect that the case we are now earnestly making we will come to recognize
as inadequate, because we will see a more significant, a larger truth in the
matter. “
- Anderson, Prescribing the Life of the Mind 1993
39. Implications for practice
“The purpose . . . is not to produce or control anything but to discover
through mutual discussion and reflection between free citizens the most
appropriate ways, under present conditions, of living the ethically good
life. . . It is precisely the point about praxis [social practice] that it has
no extraneous product. It has an end, namely, the good of human
beings, but that end is attained through itself, that is, through action or
practice that is ethical and political. . . For ‘helping professionals’, this
would involve toleration of high levels of uncertainty in trying to aid
people to improve their own skills of practical autonomy, rather than
categorizing them in terms of preconceived theories with resulting
automatic formulas for treatment.”
- Robert Bellah, “Social Science as Practical Reason,” 1983
40. Implications for practice
“The aim of physician-patient interaction is to help the patient
determine and choose the best health-related values that can be
realized in the clinical situation. To this end, the physician must
delineate information on the patient’s clinical situation and then help
elucidate the types of values embodied in the available options. The
physician’s objectives include suggesting why certain health-related
values are more worthy and should be aspired to. The physician aims
at no more than moral suasion; ultimately coercion is avoided and the
patient must define his or her life and select the ordering of values to
be espoused.”
-Emanuel & Emanuel, Models of doctor patient interaction. 1992
41. Challenges
Can we reach reasoned agreement through
dialogue?
When is a reason a good reason? What reasons
count and how much weight should they be given?
42. On Narratives
Narrative refers to a particular type of discourse
form -- namely, a story -- in which events and
happenings are configured into a temporal unity by
means of a plot. Narratives give us explanatory
knowledge about why a person acted as s/he did; it
makes another’s action understandable. The function
of narrative analysis is to answer how and why a
particular outcome came about.
43. On Narratives
Stories are concerned with human attempts to progress to a
solution, or clarification of a situation. A story has a beginning,
middle, and end. It relates the events in an individual situation
in an ordered transformation from an initial situation to a
terminal situation. It is more than a mere chronicle of events.
A story retains the complexity of the situation in which an
action is undertaken and the emotional and motivational
meaning connected with it. The data describe when events
occurred and the effect the events had on subsequent
happenings. They include reference to when and why actions
were undertaken and the intended results of the actions.
44. On Narratives
A plot is the narrative structure through which people understand and
describe the relationship among the events and choices of their lives. When
events are arranged in a plot, they are understood from the perspective of
their contribution and influence on the specified outcome. Plots function to
configure events into a story by: 1) delimiting the temporal range that
marks the beginning and end of story, 2) providing criteria for the selection
of events to be included in the story, 3) temporally ordering events into an
unfolding movement culminating in a conclusions, and 4) clarifying or
making explicit the meaning events have as contributors to the story as a
unified whole. A plot relates events by causally linking a prior choice or
happening to a later effect. Prototypical plots are comedies and
tragedies.
45. Challenges
“Life now is completely different than the way it was then. Does your
life approach anything like a linear narrative? Life seems to strobe on and
off for me, and to barrage me with input. And that so much of my job is to
impose some sort of order, or make some sort of sense of it. In a way
that—maybe I’m very naive—I imagine Leo [Tolstoy] getting up in the
morning, pulling on his homemade boots, going out to chat with the serfs
whom he’s freed, you know. Sitting down in his silent room, overlooking some
very well-tended gardens, pulling out his quill and…in deep tranquility,
recollecting emotion. And I don’t know about you. I just—stuff that’s like
that, I enjoy reading, but it doesn’t feel true at all. I read it as a relief from
what’s true. I read it as a relief from the fact that, I received five hundred
thousand discrete bits of information today, of which maybe twenty-five
are important. And how am I going to sort those out, you know?”
- David Foster Wallace
46. Challenges
But as Wallace goes on . . .
“And yet I think our brain is structured to make linear narratives, to condense
and focus and separate what’s important. Human beings are narrative
animals: every culture countenances itself as culture via a story; every whole
person understands his lifetime as an organized, recountable series of events
and changes with at least a beginning and middle. We need narrative like we
need space-time; it’s a built-in thing…. “
47. Role of emotions
Anger Hope
Envy Sadness-depression
Jealousy Gratitude
Anxiety-fright Compassion
Guilt Happiness-Joy
Shame Pride
Relief Love
48. On responsibility
The philosopher Herbert Fingarette identifies two elements in
the development of a sense of responsibility: “One is that of
acceptance, of commitment, care, and concern, and of
attendant elements of choice and the creativity of choice; the
other dimension is that of the ‘forms of life,’ initially socially
given and ultimately socially realized, which constitute the form
and content of responsibility. Responsibility emerges where the
individual accepts as a matter of personal concern something
which society offers to his concern.”
49. Humanistic evaluation criteria at individual
level
Humanistic criteria: The degree to which an individual
has:
An awareness of alternative courses of action
An ability to enumerate the advantages and disadvantages
of the major alternatives
Greater self-understanding of one’s reasons for choosing
one course of action over another
Greater satisfaction with one’s decision
Greater reassurance that one’s decision better advances
one’s own life projects
50. IV. Ends of health promotion, Community
level
Values that matter
Justice
Solidarity
Tolerance
51. Justice
Tremendous interest in “social justice” in the field
today, but . . .
“It is noteworthy that none of the most prominent contemporary
versions of philosophical liberalism assigns a significant role to
desert [agency] at the level of fundamental principle.”
- Samuel Scheffler, Responsibility and Liberalism in Philosophy and Politics,
1992
52. Challenges
Justice: at least six major theories of justice are
available and commonly used in public discourse,
however implicitly or unknowingly.
Egalitarian
Utilitarian
Desert/merit
Libertarian
Capabilities
Luck egalitarianism
53. Solidarity
Solidarity is bearing witness for the welfare of others. It is embodied in
social practices that strengthen people’s dignity and autonomy. It is not a
sentimental psychological attitude but based on moral commitments. It is
not a feeling of vague compassion or shallow distress at the misfortunes of
so many people in which one sees those in need primarily as victims.
Solidarity involves a profound sense of moral responsibility, a determination
to commit oneself to the good of all and of each individual because we are
really responsible for all. Through solidarity, we see the ‘other’ not just as
some kind of instrument but as our ‘neighbor’, a ‘helper’ to be made a
sharer on par with ourselves of social and economic resources. Solidarity is
the social practice of accepting responsibility for the well-being of fellow
community members.
54. Challenges
Collapse of civil society, a la Putnam’s Bowling
Alone, where the withdrawal into the private sphere
is making us more calloused towards the needs of
our neighbors and the common good.
55. Tolerance
We live in a pluralistic society, in which we recognize
and respect that different groups hold different
visions of the good life for human beings, and it is
these differences that enriches our lives.
56. V. Means of health promotion,
Community level
Community-based participatory research
The justice project
Institutional practices
57. Community-based participatory research
Misunderstandings about rationale for the use of
CBPR
Tacit acknowledgement of the ineffectiveness of
scientific approach
CBPR is a method of research that recognizes the
rights of communities to determine the goals that
they see valuable and the means for achieving them
58. Justice project
To improve the health and well-being of the
population, contrary to the US Surgeon General’s
recommendation of spending 30-45 minutes each
day in vigorous exercise, I recommend that we spend
30-45 minutes each day discussing the kind of society
that we want to create and we live in together.
59. Institutional practices
Most people most of the time do not reflect on and
make conscious rational choices about quotidian
ways of life.
It is important to think about ways institutions can be
reformed to habituate people into practices (or to
inculcate virtues) that do not burden individuals with
the need to make thousands of choices every day
about whether something is good for them or not.
60. Humanistic evaluation criteria
At the community level
Degree to which community provides input and exercises
control over research and community programs
Degree to which community members feel their advice and
suggestions are respected
Degree to which participants feel their concerns have been
addressed
Trust in researchers & Satisfaction with process
61. Conclusion
In a humanistic approach to health promotion, the
goal of health promotion is to assist people in figuring
out values that matter and the best ways of living in
accordance with those values.
Telling people how they should live are ultimately
moral and political concerns, and not a scientific
problem to be solved.
62. Afterword
Global justice: The “bottom billion” – one in five
human beings – lives on less than 50p per day (parity
purchasing power). In the words of Stuart Hampshire,
I look forward to the day when the toleration of
poverty is seen to be the barbaric practice that it is
today.