This document discusses various SQL functions including set operations, aggregate functions, and other SQL functions. It provides examples of using union, intersect, and except to combine result sets from multiple queries and eliminate or retain duplicates. It also demonstrates the use of aggregate functions like avg, min, max, sum, and count on columns. Finally, it mentions other SQL functions like abs, power, round, sqrt, and truncate along with examples.

1. Database Management
System (LAB-05)
Md . Tanvir Khan Fahim
ID: 2014755005

2. Agenda
• Uses of Set Operation(Union , Intersect , Except).
• Uses of Aggregate Functions(Avg , Max , Min , Sum , Count).
• Uses of Some Other SQL Functions.

3. Uses of Set Operations
• The SQL operations union, intersect and except operate on relations
and corresponds to the algebra operations U, ∩ and -.
Union:
• It is used to combine the result set of two select queries.
• Eliminate duplicates.
Union All:
For duplicates, use union all clause.
Intersect:
The intersection operation between two selections returns only the common data sets or rows between them.
* Eliminate duplicates.
Intersect All:
For duplicates, use intersect all clause.
Except/Minus:
Except operations are needed to extract those tuples that are in one
SQL query but not in other query.
* Eliminate duplicates.

4. Uses of Set Operations
Set Operations can be demonstrated as follows:

5. Uses of Set Operations
Implementations of Set Operations:
Table: person Table:person1
select id from person union select id from person1;

6. Uses of Set Operations
select id from person union all select id from person1;
select id from person intersect select id from person1;

7. Uses of Set Operations
Except/Minus:
person1 person
select id from person1 minus select id from person;

8. Uses of Aggregate Functions
• SQL offers five built-in aggregate functions:
1. Average: avg()
2. Minimum: min()
3. Maximum: max()
4. Total: sum()
5. Count: count()
avg():The AVG() function calculates the average of a set of values.
Min(): The MIN() aggregate function returns the lowest value (minimum) in a set of non-NULL values.
Max(): The MAX() aggregate function returns the highest value (maximum) in a set of non-NULL values.
Sum(): The SUM() function returns the total sum of a numeric column.
Count(): The COUNT() function returns the number of rows in a database table.

9. Uses of Aggregate Functions
Implementation of Aggregate Functions:
Table: person
select avg(ID) as New_ID from person;
select min(ID) as New_ID from person;

10. Uses of Aggregate Functions
• select max(ID) as New_ID from person;
select sum(ID) as New_ID from person;
• select count(ID) as New_ID from person;

11. Uses of Some Other SQL Functions.
• There is so many functions in SQL such as:
Abs():The ABS() function returns the absolute value of a number.
select abs(-13) from dual;
Power():The POWER() function returns the value of a number raised to the power of another number.
select power(5,2) from dual;
Round(): The ROUND() function rounds a number to a specified number of decimal places.
select Round(3.75) from dual;

12. Uses of Some Other SQL Functions.
Sqrt(): The SQRT() function returns the square root of a number.
select sqrt(25) from dual;
Truncate(): The TRUNCATE() function truncates a number to the specified number of decimal places.
select truncate(3.1416,2) from dual;

13. Thank You