The document discusses data encapsulation and the ISO-OSI reference model. It explains how each layer in the model interacts with other layers by using protocol data units and provides examples of encapsulation where data from one layer is encapsulated by the header of the next layer up the stack. It also lists references used in understanding these networking concepts.

1. DATA ENCAPSULATION
by
Raumil Rao
Raumil Rao

2. ISO-OSI MODEL
APPLICATION
PRESENTATION
SESSION
TRANSPORT
NETWORK
DATA LINK
PHYSICAL
P PDU
S PDU
T PDU
N PDU
D PDU
PH PDU
User interaction
Compression, Decompression, Encryption, Decryption
Create, Manage, Terminate Session
Connection-oriented, Connection-less
Path determination, Switching of packets
Physical transfer of data, error detection
Convert data format of data link layer to bit/bytes or vice-versa
• INTERACTION BETWEEN LAYERS WITH THE HELP OF PDUs.
Raumil Rao

3. Data Format, Addressing Schemes, Devices
PORT NO.
IP Address
MAC Address
BIT/BYTES
SEGMENT
Raumil Rao

4. ENCAPSULATION
HELLO
H HELLO
H
H
SEGMENT
PACKET
FRAMES
BITS/BYTES
HELLO
SEGMENT
PACKET
FRAMES
BITS/BYTES
0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
Raumil Rao

5. Reference
CCNA Routing and Switching guide by Todd Lammle
http://www.cisco.com
http://www.inetdaemon.com
http://www.omnisecu.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_RFCs
Implementing cisco ip routing by DIANE TEARE
(ciscopress.com)
http://www.gns3vault.com