This document provides an overview of database management systems (DBMS) and database architecture. It discusses what a DBMS is, including that it enables creation, access and modification of databases. It then describes the four main types of DBMS: hierarchical, network, relational and object-oriented. For each type it provides a brief explanation of its structure and functionality. The document concludes with a discussion of the typical functionality of a DBMS and a description of database architecture, including the global conceptual schema, fragmentation and allocation schema, and local schemas.

1. Presentation On:
DBMS and Architecture
(Data Base Management System)
By- Ankit Abhilash Swain

2. What is DBMS?
• Database
– is collection of related data and its metadata organized in a structured format
– for optimized information management
• Database Management System (DBMS)
– is a software that enables easy creation, access, and modification of databases
– for efficient and effective database management
• Database System
– is an integrated system of hardware, software, people, procedures, and data
– that define and regulate the collection, storage, management, and use of data within a
database environment

3. Database Management System (DBMS)

4. Types of DBMS
There are four structural types of database
management systems:
• Hierarchical databases
• Network databases
• Relational databases
• Object-oriented databases

5. Hierarchical Databases
• In the Hierarchical Database Model
we have to learn about the
databases. It is very fast and simple.
• In a hierarchical database, records
contain information about there
groups of parent/child relationships,
just like as a tree structure.
• It collects all records together as a
record type. These record types are
the equivalent of tables in the
relational model, and with the
individual records being the
equivalent of rows.

6. Network Databases
• A network databases are mainly
used on a large digital computers. It
more connections can be made
between different types of data,
network databases are considered
more efficiency It contains limitations
must be considered when we have to
use this kind of database.
• It is similar to the hierarchical
databases.

7. Relational Databases
• In relational databases, the relationship
between data files is relational.
• These databases connect to the data in
different files by using common data
numbers or a key field.
• Data in relational databases is stored in
different access control tables, each having
a key field that mainly identifies each row. In
the relational databases are more reliable
than either the hierarchical or network
database structures. In relational databases,
tables or files filled up with data are called
relations (tuples) designates a row or
record, and columns are referred to as
attributes or fields.

8. Object-Oriented Databases
• An object oriented database
management system is a database
management system that supports
the creation and modelling of data as
object
• It also includes support for classes of
objects and the inheritance of class
properties and incorporates
methods, subclasses and their
objects.
• Most of the object database also
offers some kind of query language,
permitting objects to be found
through a declarative programming
approach.

9. Typical DBMS Functionality
• Define a database : in terms of data types, structures and
constraints
• Construct or Load the Database on a secondary storage medium
• Manipulating the database : querying, generating reports,
insertions, deletions and modifications to its content
• Concurrent Processing and Sharing by a set of users and
programs – yet, keeping all data valid and consistent

10. What is Architecture?
• Architecture is a passion, a vocation, a calling – as well as a science and a
business. It has been described as a social art and also an artful science.
• Architecture provides a sense of place and support of all types of human
activity.
• Architecture helps the man-made fit in harmony with the environment while
promoting health and well-being, enriching lives aesthetically and spiritually,
providing economic opportunities, and creating a legacy that reflects and
symbolizes culture and traditions.

11. Architecture in DBMS
• The ANSI-SPARC three-level architecture for a DBMS provides reference architecture for a
centralized DBMS. Owing to the diversity of distributed DBMS, it is much more dificult to
present an equivalent architecture that is generally applicable.
• However, it may be useful to present one possible reference architectuire that addresses
data distribution.
• The reference architecture shown in following schemas;
 Global conceptual schemas
 Fragmentation and allocation schemas
 Local schemas

12. Global Conceptual Schema
• The global conceptual schema is logical description of the whole database as if it were not distributed.
• This level correspondence to conceptual level of the ANSI-SPARC architecture and contains definitions
of entities, relationships, constraints, security and integrity information.
• It provides physical data independence from the distributed environment.
Fragmentation and allocation Schema
• The fragmentation schema is a description of how the data is to be logically partitioned.
• The allocation schema is a description of where he data is to be located taking accounts of any
replication.
Local Schema
• Each local DBMS has its own setup schemas.
• The local conceptual and local internal schemas correspondence to the equivalent levels of the ANSI-
SPARC architecture.
• The local mapping schemas maps fragments in the allocation schema into external objects in the local
database. It is DBMS independent and the basis for supporting heterogeneous DBMS

13. Advantages of architecture
• It adds reliability and more independence of the
underlying servers or services.
• It provides an ease of maintenance of the code base,
managing presentation code and business logic
separately, so that a change to business logic, for
example, does not impact the presentation layer.

14. Thank You