data analysis ii.ppt
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This document provides information on data analysis, including what it is, why it is important, and how to manage and prepare data for analysis. Data analysis is the process of sorting information from collected data in a research study. It converts data into information and knowledge, and explores relationships between variables. Managing data involves coding it as it is collected and categorizing it. When preparing data analysis, proper use of text, visuals, headings and subheadings is important. Language used to report findings should be impartial and show relationships rather than making unsupported claims.
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answer the following questions thoroughly and provide justification.docx
answer the following questions thoroughly and provide justification/support. The more complete and detailed your answers for these questions, the better prepared you are to successfully write your final paper.
Please submit your answers as a single 4- to 6-page document as a numbered list; this will ensure you do not inadvertently miss a question.
What is your research question?
Are adolescent girl’s body images influenced by the media?
What is your hypothesis or hypotheses? What is the null hypothesis?
How many participants would you like to use and why? What are the inclusion characteristics, i.e., what must they have in order to be included in your study (for example, gender, diagnosis, age, personality traits, etc.)? Are there any exclusion characteristics, i.e. are there certain characteristics that would exclude them from being in your study? Does the sample need to be diverse? Why or why not?
What sampling technique will be used to collect your sample? What population does your sample generalize to?
What are the variables in your study?
HINT:
Refer back to your hypothesis or hypotheses.
Provide operational definitions for each variable.
How will you measure each variable? Discuss the reliability and validity of these measures in general terms.
What technique will be used for data collection (e.g., observation, survey, interview, archival, etc.)?
What type of research design is being used?
Briefly discuss the procedure that would be followed when conducting the research.
What are some
POTENTIAL
ethical issues? How might they be addressed?
Assignment 2 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Explanation and justification of research question.
12
Presentation of hypothesis and null hypothesis.
16
Analysis of participants exclusion/inclusion factors.
16
Explanation of sampling technique and characterization of population that sample generalized.
12
Identification of study's variables.
12
Operational definitions for each variable are defined.
16
Development of methods to measure each variable, and the reliability and validity of these measures are evaluated.
16
Description of technique(s) used for data collection.
12
Description of the research design being used.
12
Identification of the research procedure.
12
Prediction of POTENTIAL ethical issues; POTENTIAL ethical issues are evaluated in terms of how they would be addressed.
20
Organization:
Introduction
Thesis
Transitions
Conclusion
12
Usage and Mechanics:
Grammar
Spelling
Sentence Structure
12
APA Elements:
Attribution
Paraphrasing
Quotations
16
Style:
Audience
Word Choice
4
Total:
200
.
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Research Proposal The articles for this proposal is attach.docx
Research Proposal
The articles for this proposal is attached to this assignment.
The origin of my research question comes from the impact of school counseling character education counseling lessons have on students’ academic achievement and social-emotional health. Many students, especially 3rd grade students are failing reading, writing, and language due to frustrations that have at home, school, and community.
Research question: What is the impact of character education counseling lessons on increasing academic achievement in Reading, Writing, and Literacy?
Students come to school with an array of concerns and teaching character education, reviewing data, working as a team with the teachers, administrators, etc. will increase student achievement.
Instructions for assignment below:
The culminating project for the course is a research proposal that will be structured for conducting an authentic research study for improving the current counseling program at your school or enhancing school counseling practice in your school system. The following questions must be answered in the paper. Plagiarism 15% or more will receive a grade of “0”.
Submissions must be in APA format. Do not use outline form.
1. A brief description of the current situation and an intervention or research intended to change it or clarify the phenomena in terms of efficacy or lack of efficacy.
2. Literature Review
1. (One sentence only.) The purpose of this study is to ____________.
2. What study or studies or literature review has most directly inspired your study? (Give citation(s).)
3. How does your study build on previous research? (No more than 3 sentences.)
4. How will your study contribute to knowledge about school counseling or defend an implementation of your efforts to refine/develop your school counseling program. (No more than 3 sentences.)
5. Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Objectives
1. In what form are you stating your research purposes? (Check one or more.)
Create a log (a list) of the searches used initially in your searches for literature. If you use a library other than your schools, your lists should be specific to each library. The more detailed you keep your search log the more your professors can help you hone your research and your literature review.
2. Create an abbreviated literature review or annotated bibliography. This should support your intervention or investigation, the need for the research or program change, and the gap in the literature or program that your research could possibly explore.
3. Purpose of the Study
______Questions _______Hypotheses _______Objectives
1. List your research questions/hypotheses/objectives.
2. What is the particular research theory and or counseling theory do you intend to use?
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ACTIVITY 1
Chosen Research Design: Qualitative
Why do you think this design is appropriate to your research interest?
Based on my understanding of qualitative research, I believe it can be appropriate for certain types of research questions. In my view, qualitative research is particularly useful for exploring complex phenomena, gaining insights into people's experiences and perspectives, and developing theory. I also recognize that it can be valuable in applied settings, such as healthcare or social work, where understanding people's experiences is crucial for improving practice.
Guide Questions
1. Did you remember the research design listed in the table?
YES, I have remembered all the research design listed in the table.
2. What other research designs did you recall which is/ are not listed in the table?
Longitudinal Study
Cross-sectional Study
Survey Research
Action Research
Participatory Action Research
Grounded Theory
Ethnographic Research
3. Was it easy or hard to determine the research design to be used in your selected topic or interest?
For me, it is easy because in the first place I already have an idea where to start. I believe when you select a topic, you already considered what design you will use.
4. What are the factors that you consider in selecting a research design for your study?
As a researcher, I must consider various factors when selecting a qualitative research design for my study. These include the research question, the purpose of the study, the nature of the phenomenon being studied, and the available resources and time frame. Additionally, I must reflect on my own philosophical and theoretical perspectives to ensure that the chosen design aligns with my worldview and research goals.
Reflection
How does research design make your study colorful/ interesting?
As a researcher, I have come to appreciate how qualitative research design can add color and interest to a study. By using methods such as open-ended interviews, observations, and document analysis, I can capture the rich and complex experiences, perspectives, and contexts of the participants. This type of research allows me to delve deeper into the phenomenon being studied and gain a more nuanced understanding of it.
One of the benefits of using qualitative research is the ability to create vivid descriptions, quotes, and narratives that add depth and meaning to the study. It's fascinating to see how the data can come to life and offer a unique perspective on the topic. Additionally, I've found that unexpected findings often emerge during qualitative research, which can add to the intrigue and interest of the study.
Overall, I believe that qualitative research design offers a powerful way to explore the intricacies and nuances of human experience. It enables me to create a study that is more compelling and engaging, as well as provides insights that cannot be obtained through other research methods.
ACTIVITY 2: TELL ME THE QUANTITY
Directions: Read the qu
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answer the following questions thoroughly and provide justification.docx
answer the following questions thoroughly and provide justification/support. The more complete and detailed your answers for these questions, the better prepared you are to successfully write your final paper.
Please submit your answers as a single 4- to 6-page document as a numbered list; this will ensure you do not inadvertently miss a question.
What is your research question?
Are adolescent girl’s body images influenced by the media?
What is your hypothesis or hypotheses? What is the null hypothesis?
How many participants would you like to use and why? What are the inclusion characteristics, i.e., what must they have in order to be included in your study (for example, gender, diagnosis, age, personality traits, etc.)? Are there any exclusion characteristics, i.e. are there certain characteristics that would exclude them from being in your study? Does the sample need to be diverse? Why or why not?
What sampling technique will be used to collect your sample? What population does your sample generalize to?
What are the variables in your study?
HINT:
Refer back to your hypothesis or hypotheses.
Provide operational definitions for each variable.
How will you measure each variable? Discuss the reliability and validity of these measures in general terms.
What technique will be used for data collection (e.g., observation, survey, interview, archival, etc.)?
What type of research design is being used?
Briefly discuss the procedure that would be followed when conducting the research.
What are some
POTENTIAL
ethical issues? How might they be addressed?
Assignment 2 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Explanation and justification of research question.
12
Presentation of hypothesis and null hypothesis.
16
Analysis of participants exclusion/inclusion factors.
16
Explanation of sampling technique and characterization of population that sample generalized.
12
Identification of study's variables.
12
Operational definitions for each variable are defined.
16
Development of methods to measure each variable, and the reliability and validity of these measures are evaluated.
16
Description of technique(s) used for data collection.
12
Description of the research design being used.
12
Identification of the research procedure.
12
Prediction of POTENTIAL ethical issues; POTENTIAL ethical issues are evaluated in terms of how they would be addressed.
20
Organization:
Introduction
Thesis
Transitions
Conclusion
12
Usage and Mechanics:
Grammar
Spelling
Sentence Structure
12
APA Elements:
Attribution
Paraphrasing
Quotations
16
Style:
Audience
Word Choice
4
Total:
200
.
QTOR
The document discusses different types of data and methods for collecting data. It defines primary data as data collected directly by the researcher through methods such as surveys, interviews, and observations. Secondary data is defined as data that has already been published or collected indirectly from sources like books, journals, and government records. The advantages of primary data include greater accuracy and detail, while it disadvantages include the time and resources required to collect it. Secondary data is more convenient but requires evaluation of its relevance, accuracy, and sufficiency for the research problem. Different types of tables for organizing quantitative data are also described including simple, double, and manifold tables.
Campus Session 2
This document provides an overview of developing a research design. It discusses defining a research topic and evaluating whether it is worthwhile. It also covers developing research approaches, including secondary and primary research. Quantitative and qualitative research methods are introduced. Different types of research like exploratory, descriptive, and causal research are explained. The document stresses the importance of validity and reliability in research and discusses using sampling to represent a population.
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The scientific method is an 8-step process used to conduct scientific research: 1) Define the question, 2) Form a hypothesis, 3) Locate resources, 4) Plan the research methods, 5) Collect data, 6) Organize and analyze the data, 7) Interpret the data and draw conclusions, 8) Communicate the results. This process helps ensure research is conducted in a clear, organized, and unbiased manner to build knowledge through a self-correcting approach.
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This document discusses various aspects of data gathering and analysis for research. It covers collecting primary and secondary data, using different sampling methods like probability and non-probability sampling, managing data through categorization and analysis. The key steps in research like administering instruments, recording observations, and using documentation are outlined. Common sampling techniques like random, stratified, cluster and convenience sampling are defined. The document also discusses managing data responses and analyzing data through calculating frequencies.
Data meaning & Tabulation
This document discusses data, its meaning and types. It defines data as a systematic record of quantities that can be arranged into information when organized. Data is classified as either quantitative or qualitative. Quantitative data can be measured numerically while qualitative data describes attributes.
Sources of data collection are also explained as either primary or secondary. Primary data is originally collected for a specific purpose, while secondary data has already been previously collected. Finally, the document introduces tabular presentation of data and its components, as well as different types of tables used.
Research Proposal The articles for this proposal is attach.docx
Research Proposal
The articles for this proposal is attached to this assignment.
The origin of my research question comes from the impact of school counseling character education counseling lessons have on students’ academic achievement and social-emotional health. Many students, especially 3rd grade students are failing reading, writing, and language due to frustrations that have at home, school, and community.
Research question: What is the impact of character education counseling lessons on increasing academic achievement in Reading, Writing, and Literacy?
Students come to school with an array of concerns and teaching character education, reviewing data, working as a team with the teachers, administrators, etc. will increase student achievement.
Instructions for assignment below:
The culminating project for the course is a research proposal that will be structured for conducting an authentic research study for improving the current counseling program at your school or enhancing school counseling practice in your school system. The following questions must be answered in the paper. Plagiarism 15% or more will receive a grade of “0”.
Submissions must be in APA format. Do not use outline form.
1. A brief description of the current situation and an intervention or research intended to change it or clarify the phenomena in terms of efficacy or lack of efficacy.
2. Literature Review
1. (One sentence only.) The purpose of this study is to ____________.
2. What study or studies or literature review has most directly inspired your study? (Give citation(s).)
3. How does your study build on previous research? (No more than 3 sentences.)
4. How will your study contribute to knowledge about school counseling or defend an implementation of your efforts to refine/develop your school counseling program. (No more than 3 sentences.)
5. Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Objectives
1. In what form are you stating your research purposes? (Check one or more.)
Create a log (a list) of the searches used initially in your searches for literature. If you use a library other than your schools, your lists should be specific to each library. The more detailed you keep your search log the more your professors can help you hone your research and your literature review.
2. Create an abbreviated literature review or annotated bibliography. This should support your intervention or investigation, the need for the research or program change, and the gap in the literature or program that your research could possibly explore.
3. Purpose of the Study
______Questions _______Hypotheses _______Objectives
1. List your research questions/hypotheses/objectives.
2. What is the particular research theory and or counseling theory do you intend to use?
3. Research Design
1. If your study is quantitative in nature, describe the characteristics of the population that you will study. If your study is qualitative in nature, describe the phen.
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This document discusses the importance of management research and outlines the typical stages of a research project. It begins by noting that research facilitates effective management decision-making by reducing uncertainty. The typical stages of a research project are then described, including determining objectives and hypotheses, selecting a research design, developing measurement instruments, testing feasibility, planning data analysis, and preparing instructions. Evaluating social programs and describing key elements of research like variables, samples, and sampling techniques are also discussed.
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This document provides an overview of business research, including defining business research, distinguishing between qualitative and quantitative research, the difference between basic and applied research, kinds of business research, criteria for good research, and research formats. Specifically, it defines business research as scientific research addressing firm or industry concerns. It also describes qualitative research using observations or interviews versus quantitative research using surveys, as well as how the two can be combined through triangulation. The document outlines various types of conclusive and exploratory business research and their purposes.
Semi-Structured Interview Analysis
- Semi-structured interviews allow the researcher to ask predetermined open-ended questions while also having the flexibility to probe further or ask additional questions based on participants' responses.
- This approach can provide rich insights into childcare workers' perceptions of their motivation, satisfaction levels, and how compensation impacts these factors.
- By asking open-ended questions and allowing participants to elaborate, semi-structured interviews generate qualitative data about internal and external factors influencing job attitudes beyond what can be measured through surveys alone.
Research Activity 1.docx
ACTIVITY 1
Chosen Research Design: Qualitative
Why do you think this design is appropriate to your research interest?
Based on my understanding of qualitative research, I believe it can be appropriate for certain types of research questions. In my view, qualitative research is particularly useful for exploring complex phenomena, gaining insights into people's experiences and perspectives, and developing theory. I also recognize that it can be valuable in applied settings, such as healthcare or social work, where understanding people's experiences is crucial for improving practice.
Guide Questions
1. Did you remember the research design listed in the table?
YES, I have remembered all the research design listed in the table.
2. What other research designs did you recall which is/ are not listed in the table?
Longitudinal Study
Cross-sectional Study
Survey Research
Action Research
Participatory Action Research
Grounded Theory
Ethnographic Research
3. Was it easy or hard to determine the research design to be used in your selected topic or interest?
For me, it is easy because in the first place I already have an idea where to start. I believe when you select a topic, you already considered what design you will use.
4. What are the factors that you consider in selecting a research design for your study?
As a researcher, I must consider various factors when selecting a qualitative research design for my study. These include the research question, the purpose of the study, the nature of the phenomenon being studied, and the available resources and time frame. Additionally, I must reflect on my own philosophical and theoretical perspectives to ensure that the chosen design aligns with my worldview and research goals.
Reflection
How does research design make your study colorful/ interesting?
As a researcher, I have come to appreciate how qualitative research design can add color and interest to a study. By using methods such as open-ended interviews, observations, and document analysis, I can capture the rich and complex experiences, perspectives, and contexts of the participants. This type of research allows me to delve deeper into the phenomenon being studied and gain a more nuanced understanding of it.
One of the benefits of using qualitative research is the ability to create vivid descriptions, quotes, and narratives that add depth and meaning to the study. It's fascinating to see how the data can come to life and offer a unique perspective on the topic. Additionally, I've found that unexpected findings often emerge during qualitative research, which can add to the intrigue and interest of the study.
Overall, I believe that qualitative research design offers a powerful way to explore the intricacies and nuances of human experience. It enables me to create a study that is more compelling and engaging, as well as provides insights that cannot be obtained through other research methods.
ACTIVITY 2: TELL ME THE QUANTITY
Directions: Read the qu
1 complete research
The document discusses the key aspects and stages of the complete research process. It begins by defining what research is and is not, noting that research contributes new knowledge rather than just gathering or transporting existing facts. The main stages of the research process are then outlined, including problem discovery and definition, research design, sampling, data gathering, data analysis, and reporting conclusions. Various research types like descriptive, correlational, and explanatory research are also defined. The document emphasizes that research is a systematic and cyclical process aimed at increasing understanding of the topic being studied.
Data Analysis
This document discusses different approaches to analyzing qualitative and quantitative data from research. It addresses questions like what types of data are common, how to find meanings and patterns, and how to display results effectively. The document provides an overview of quantitative data analysis methods like statistical tests and summarizing data in tables and charts. It also discusses qualitative data analysis, including reducing and organizing text data, coding, conceptualizing, and interpreting meanings. The goal is to help researchers choose appropriate analysis methods based on their research questions, methodological approach, and type of data collected.
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- 18. Dissertation Findings & Discussion Chapter: Sample. (2003). Retrieved 2013, March 22 from http://www.newessays.co.uk/wp- content/uploads/2011/12/10Findings chapter.sample.pdf Chan, P. (2013). Reporting research findings. Retrieved 2013, March 22 from http://www.nus.edu.sg/ Green, S. (2003). Research and evaluation division. Retrieved 2013, March 22 from http://www.cambridgeassessment.o rg.uk/ca/digitalAssets/113786_Comp arability_Study_of_Pupils_Writing_fro m_Different_Key_Sta.pdf REFERENCES