Dark web investigation
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Dark Web Investigation: Performing Online Criminal Investigations over the Dark Web Law enforcement agencies face various threats which continue to increase with the increasing use and accessibility of the deep and dark web. The ability to mitigate the risk by criminal elements and terrorists by extracting crucial data by criminal investigations, especially dark web investigations, is paramount. For further information please watch this slide
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It might seem that the criminal environment has not changed, as both personal and property crimes are the part of everyday routine of law enforcement. At the same time, technological development has provided new possibilities for criminals by allowing them to steal and commit fraud at bigger scale. Future criminal intelligence environment will revolve around technologies, virtual space, and ICT. According to the current trends, high-tech crimes are growing exponentially with the inability of law enforcement to prevent or address them at once (Zavrsnik, 2010). According to the analysis of cybercrime worldwide, investigation of cybercrime has multiple barriers, including the lack of correspondence among different international agencies concerning the legal prosecution, limited number of skilled talent in law enforcement, and absence of effective methods that would allow to find and prosecute offenders (Brown, 2015). As a result, the criminals continue committing identity thefts, spreading dangerous viruses (e.g. ransomware), phishing, and hacking. Since the technologies will continue to improve and update, it is more likely that the criminals will alter their tactics. The main goal of the modern law enforcement is to prepare for the future tendencies by investing in cybercrime department, training talent, and researching the newest trends in cybercrime. Since this type of crime threatens the individual citizens as well as the entire countries, the law enforcement agencies must ensure that the organized crime does not feel comfortable in the virtual space, which can be observed today.
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Tools and techniques in intelligence analysis might vary across the analysts, systems, and countries. Since today analysts deal with the intelligence presented in a variety of forms, including the digital one, the methods of analysis can be different. For example, basic analytical process usually includes the following steps: collect and sift all available data, construct a preliminary diagram, evaluate new information in light of old data, collect further information, develop preliminary inferences, develop conclusions, assemble a report (United Nations, 2011). This structure can vary according to the available intelligence, protocol of assembling the data, and the scheme used by a specific agency. Several basic techniques of data analysis include event charting, link, flow, and telephone analyses (Berlusconi et al., 2016). These methods are used according to the specific events, goals, and available data. Several software are used today to analyze intelligence and information, including Law Enforcement Specific GIS, RMC and CAD information exchange. Analysis is more effective if the officers have a wide variety of data. For example, today, the agencies can use social media analysis as one of the effective tools in data mining. For instance, a research exploring inte.
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Although the Dark web was originally used for maintaining privacy-sensitive communication for business or intelligence services for defence, government and business organizations, fighting against censorship and blocked content, later, the advantage of technologies behind the Dark web were abused by criminals to conduct crimes which involve drug dealing to the contract of assassinations in a widespread manner. Since the communication remains secure and untraceable, criminals can easily use dark web service via The Onion Router (TOR), can hide their illegal motives and can conceal their criminal activities. This makes it very difficult to monitor and detect cybercrimes over the dark web. With the evolution of machine learning, natural language processing techniques, computational big data applications and hardware, there is a growing interest in exploiting dark web data to monitor and detect criminal activities. Due to the anonymity provided by the Dark Web, the rapid disappearance and the change of the uniform resource locators (URLs) of the resources, it is not as easy to crawl the Drak web and get the data as the usual surface web which limits the researchers and law enforcement agencies to analyse the data. Therefore, there is an urgent need to study the technology behind the Dark web, its widespread abuse, its impact on society and the existing systems, to identify the sources of drug deal or terrorism activities. In this research, we analysed the predominant darker sides of the world wide web (WWW), their volumes, their contents and their ratios. We have performed the analysis of the larger malicious or hidden activities that occupy the major portions of the Dark net; tools and techniques used to identify cybercrimes which happen inside the dark web. We applied a systematic literature review (SLR) approach on the resources where the actual dark net data have been used for research purposes in several areas. From this SLR, we identified the approaches (tools and algorithms) which have been applied to analyse the Dark net data, the key gaps as well as the key contributions of the existing works in the literature. In our study, we find the main challenges to crawl the dark web and collect forum data are: scalability of crawler, content selection trade off, and social obligation for TOR crawler and the limitations of techniques used in automatic sentiment analysis to understand criminals’ forums and thereby monitor the forums. From the comprehensive analysis of existing tools, our study summarizes the most tools. However the forum topics rapidly change as their sources changes; criminals inject noises to obfuscate the forum’s main topic and thus remain undetectable. Therefore supervised techniques fail to address the above challenges. Semi-supervised techniques would be an interesting research direction.
Project_Paper_ISSC455_Intindolo
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A Study Of Cybercrimes In India Using Digital Forensics
This document summarizes a research paper on studying cybercrimes in India using digital forensics. It discusses how digital forensics can be used to investigate the "Sony.sambandh.com" cybercrime case from 2013. The paper also reviews literature on identity theft and how digital evidence can be analyzed using forensic tools. It notes that cybercrimes are increasing and highlights the need for international cooperation to address these crimes.
With the rapid development of the Internet, a big data era chara.docx
With the rapid development of the Internet, a big data era characterized by information explosion is coming. Public security relies on predictive policing to improve its work efficiency. Predictive policing based on large data analysis, it predicts which area of a city is most likely to occurs crimes and where criminals are most likely to be found. Privacy and civil rights must be seriously considered the problems of predictive policing, especially those who are predicted as offenders or victims. In the fiction short story “The Minority Report” by Philip K. Dick, describing Washington in 2054, the judicial system has been able to predict crime through psychological technology, system helps arrest the before he commits the crime. Dick shows his concern about predictive policing, which has been consistently developed; however, the main problem with predictive policing is its reliability. Although this is only a science fiction vision of the future, PredPol has made it a reality to some extent. Recently, the Los Angeles Police Department announced an expansion of the use of crime prediction software to speculate when and where crime is most likely to occur. Dick’s concern supports modern criticism of predictive policing and technology that crime prediction models are based on flawed statistics that reflect inherent prejudices in the criminal justice system.
Dick’s concern about predictive policing were that it is not accurate and contain lots of flaw. John Anderton, one of the elites of the pre-crime team, was accused of murdering a man he didn't know. In the process of his death and pursuit, Anderton learned that it was the three “PreCogs” who had the power to decide whether a person's guilt was ultimately established. If two of them are found guilty and the other disagrees, the last one is in the minority, whose opinion is called Minority Report. In story, Anderton states, "If the system can survive only by imprisoning innocent people, then it deserves to be destroyed. My personal safety is important because I'm a human being. And furthermore-"(Anderton, 114) By using the word “innocent,” Dick shows the potential unreliability of the predict technology. After reconsidered the meaning of pre-crime system, Anderton realized that what he has believed was successful is all built on the suffering of the people and threatening their lives. Dick emphasizes that the predictive technology should seek a balance between protecting individual privacy and safety. This action makes the argument of whether the society should trust the predictive policing system. In the end, Anderton did not kill the person who appeared in the Precogs’ prediction. However, the matter is that it's not possible to penalize someone before he commits a criminal offense simply because he's judged to own a motive.
The not accuracy and flaws contain in predictive policing that Dick’s concern has still value in the modern society… （missing second part of the prompt which is Analyze.
Innovations in Forensic Science and Private Detectivein Forensic Science and ...
For a very long time, developments in forensic science and private investigation have attracted the interest of people worldwide. Many people are interested in the fascinating pursuit of justice using cutting-edge tactics and approaches. Innovations in forensic science and the private detective sector have taken the stage as we approach the twenty-first century.
Graphs in Government
- Governments could leverage graph databases to make their countries more secure, provide better services, and increase efficiency. Graph databases allow analysis of connections in data that may not be apparent using traditional databases.
- Examples of how governments use graph databases include combating money laundering by analyzing how funds travel between parties, improving law enforcement investigations by connecting related data like suspects, evidence and locations, and enhancing e-government services by eliminating duplicate records across systems.
- Graph databases provide benefits like easy maintenance of connected data models, intuitive querying of relationships, high performance, and minimal resource usage which can improve areas like border security, fraud detection, records management and more.
Cybercrime 111205224958-phpapp02
Cyber crime has increased with the growth of internet usage. While the internet initially aimed to improve communication and research, it now enables crimes to be committed remotely from a computer. Some criminals began exploiting the internet for illegal acts in the 1980s, termed "cyber crimes". These can include hacking, theft of information, computer viruses, and other online offenses. While laws have been implemented to address cyber crimes, legislation alone cannot eliminate all criminal acts. Continued education of legal rights and responsibilities, as well as stringent enforcement of laws, are needed to help control cyber crime.
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Dark web investigation
- 1. DARK WEB INVESTIGATION PERFORMING ONLINE CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS OVER THE DARK WEB
- 2. DARK WEB INVESTIGATION Law enforcement agencies face various threats which continue to increase with the increasing use and accessibility of the deep and dark web. The ability to mitigate the risk by criminal elements and terrorists by extracting crucial data by criminal investigations, especially dark web investigations, is paramount. Studies show that nearly one third of American adults have a criminal record, and while not every crime might pose a risk to public order, criminals and terrorists with easy access to the vast data sources available on the various levels of the web can plan and execute attacks against innocent civilians.
- 3. DARK WEB INVESTIGATION Extracting the crucial dark web intelligence can be tedious, and with criminals or terrorists trying to hide their past criminal history, finding threat actors’ digital footprints which would connect the dots as well as uncover new leads is time consuming. Publicly available intelligence, such as those available through database searches which aggregates information and have a quick turnaround rate, can be cost effective for some organizations. But open source searches may not provide all necessary data which a crime investigation on the dark web can produce.
- 4. DARK WEB INVESTIGATION Dark web investigation technology developed by Cobwebs with methodologies that meet requirements of law enforcement agencies across the globe allow cases to be solved in minimum amounts of time with limited resources. Cobwebs’ artificial intelligence-driven search engines are capable of shifting through infinite amount of critical data across all layers of the internet including open source and the dark web at an unmatched pace. Using the advanced engines, officials are able to search for individuals or keywords and with one click, are able to uncloak the identities of the threat actors, target metadata can be extracted along with location history, web content history, social connections and more.
- 5. DARK WEB INVESTIGATION With minimal leads, Cobwebs’ automated AI web intelligence and machine learning tools can unveil the real identities of virtual personalities by face detection screening, detecting individual faces and attributes in images across the different layers of the web as well as generate real- time alerts for faces that appear to be a match. The AI search engines are able to scour the dark webs for dark web intelligence, allowing for law enforcement officials to delve deeper into an individual who they might have suspicions about. The capabilities of automation and AI tools such as digital forensics can also allow for alerts to be provided and extracted as well as allow for dark web monitoring of malicious activities by the threat actors or their social connections.
- 6. DARK WEB INVESTIGATION These tools can not only provide more accurate reports while reducing bias and error, it optimizes dark web investigations and provides precise data a fraction of the time than regular investigations. Criminal investigations may have been hindered by the relative anonymity dark webs provide to users, but with Cobwebs’ technology coupled with dark web intelligence and dark web monitoring allows, law enforcement organizations are able to get the complete picture of all threats posed to the public.