Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
This document is a thesis submitted by Kevin O'Regan in 1997 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from the University of East Anglia. The thesis focuses on aspects of instrumental music aesthetics from 1800-1810, specifically the emergence of the concept of music as an "autonomous" art. The introduction provides background on the historical and philosophical approaches taken in the thesis and discusses key concepts related to the autonomy of art such as representation, expression, and formalism. It outlines the structure of the thesis and methodology used in examining the evolution of thought around the aesthetic autonomy of instrumental music.
SENTHAMIL AMMA!... (A New theory on “MUTHAMIL”)IJERD Editor
This Scientific research article focus that the word “THAMIL” shall be considered as “SOUL” of
Universe composed of fundamental particles for existence of all matters under equilibrium condition. The so
called Muthamil, Kannithamil, Kodumthamil, Senthamil shall be considered as the “different souls” of
Universe exist under varied environment condition in the expanding universe.
The document discusses Pythagorean views of time and eternity. It explores how Pythagoras saw musical harmony as embodied in simple numerical ratios and the monochord instrument. Time was seen as a moving image of changeless eternity, connected through the medium of number. The work Harmonia attempts to musically express this paradoxical relationship between time and eternity using harmonics of sound and geometric constructions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
This document discusses power quality enhancement using Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices. It provides an overview of various FACTS devices including Static Var Compensator (SVC), Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), and Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC). MATLAB simulations of systems using SVC, STATCOM and SSSC are presented to demonstrate how each FACTS device can improve power quality by mitigating issues like voltage fluctuations and power oscillations. The document concludes that FACTS devices provide better power quality under varying source voltages and sudden loading conditions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal,
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
This document is a thesis submitted by Kevin O'Regan in 1997 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from the University of East Anglia. The thesis focuses on aspects of instrumental music aesthetics from 1800-1810, specifically the emergence of the concept of music as an "autonomous" art. The introduction provides background on the historical and philosophical approaches taken in the thesis and discusses key concepts related to the autonomy of art such as representation, expression, and formalism. It outlines the structure of the thesis and methodology used in examining the evolution of thought around the aesthetic autonomy of instrumental music.
SENTHAMIL AMMA!... (A New theory on “MUTHAMIL”)IJERD Editor
This Scientific research article focus that the word “THAMIL” shall be considered as “SOUL” of
Universe composed of fundamental particles for existence of all matters under equilibrium condition. The so
called Muthamil, Kannithamil, Kodumthamil, Senthamil shall be considered as the “different souls” of
Universe exist under varied environment condition in the expanding universe.
The document discusses Pythagorean views of time and eternity. It explores how Pythagoras saw musical harmony as embodied in simple numerical ratios and the monochord instrument. Time was seen as a moving image of changeless eternity, connected through the medium of number. The work Harmonia attempts to musically express this paradoxical relationship between time and eternity using harmonics of sound and geometric constructions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
This document discusses power quality enhancement using Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices. It provides an overview of various FACTS devices including Static Var Compensator (SVC), Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), and Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC). MATLAB simulations of systems using SVC, STATCOM and SSSC are presented to demonstrate how each FACTS device can improve power quality by mitigating issues like voltage fluctuations and power oscillations. The document concludes that FACTS devices provide better power quality under varying source voltages and sudden loading conditions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal,
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
An overview of some of the earliest musical technologies we have uncovered so far, as well as the structural ideas of music developed by the ancient Greeks.
The study of Sound-SpaceHarishJariwala_21161691_DissertationHarish Jariwala
This document discusses the study of sound-space and how it can inform the work of an aural architect. It provides context on the history of spatial sound, including early experiments with speaker placement in churches and developments in 20th century works. Technologies like multichannel systems, ambisonics, and wavefield synthesis allowed more advanced spatialization. Composers such as Schaeffer, Stockhausen, and Boulez incorporated spatial techniques. Contemporary applications include binaural audio in VR and games. The document argues understanding sound-space through concepts like spectromorphology can benefit composition by considering spatial qualities of sound objects.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
This document summarizes an article that discusses the shift in perspectives on the power of music from ancient Greek philosophers to Baroque era thinkers. It describes the ancient Greek views, including Pythagoras' "Music of the Spheres" theory that numbers and ratios explained the cosmos. Plato took a more anthropological view, discussing music's effects on human senses and emotions. The article argues this shift reflected changing views from a "cosmological" perspective justifying music in terms of the cosmos, to an "anthropological" perspective focusing on human needs and experiences.
These are the slides of a talk by Rens Bod presented on January 18, 2012 at WERELD BEELD, Amsterdam University College. The title is: How the Humanities Changed the World, Or why we should stop worrying and love the history of the humanities.
The humanities are under severe pressure worldwide. While the humanities have been viewed for centuries as the pinnacle of education, during the last forty years or so the study of art, history, literature, language and music is typically seen as a luxury, both by policy makers and the public. The humanities are an ornamentation of life but useless for technology, economy and industry. Humanities scholars have been unable to come up with a convincing answer to their marginalization. Arguments in favour of the humanities are defensive and get lost in mantra-like repetitions like: the humanistic disciplines are important for self-cultivation (Bildung), they are relevant for cultural and historical consciousness, and they form the basis for critical thinking and democracy. While these arguments may all be true, most scholars overlook the possibility that the assumption behind the image problem itself may be wrong.
Humanities scholars seem to have taken for granted that the humanities are economically irrelevant. Yet a quick glance over the history of the humanities shows the opposite: humanistic insights not only radically changed the world but they also resulted in concrete applications. As if humanities scholars have no idea of their own history – or decided to neglect a part of it -- these applications are attributed to the sciences. Here something has to be rectified, where the attack is the best defense.
“VARYING-SCIENCE”?... ON A COMMON SENSE THEORYIJERD Editor
SCIENCE” means “KNOWLEDGE”?...
“VARYING-SCIENCE” means “KNOWLEDGE VARIES”?...
i. Science differs from „philosophy‟?...
ii. Philosophy differs from „theory‟?...
iii. Evolution differs from „Pre-existence‟?...
iv. Earth gravity varies everyday?...
v. Light velocity varies everyday?...
vi. Universal constants varies everyday?...
vii. Cell chromosome varies everyday?...
viii. Heartbeat varies everyday?...
YES!… YES!! … YES!!!...
The word "music" comes from the Greek word "mousikê" meaning any of the arts or sciences governed by the Muses. In ancient Greece, it referred to poetry and what we now think of as music. In the European Middle Ages, music was considered one of the mathematical arts and was divided into three categories: musica universalis referring to the mathematical order of the universe; musica mundana referring to the proportions of the human body; and musica instrumentalis referring to performed sound through singing and instruments. The mathematical and physical relationships between frequencies that create musical intervals were a major focus of medieval musicians.
This document discusses Stockhausen's musical philosophy and creative personality. It describes Stockhausen's view of a unified musical time consisting of three spheres - the Sphere of Pitch relating to melody and harmony, the Sphere of Duration relating to rhythm and meter, and the Sphere of Form relating to larger-scale musical structure. It explains how these spheres arise from sound vibrations occurring at different speeds and overlap, allowing for transitions between realms of musical perception. The document also examines Stockhausen's concept of different musical properties being derived from the structure in time, and how this informed his compositional approach.
This document provides an excerpt of a music theory syllabus, including assignments and topics for research. The syllabus is intended to guide students in developing knowledge and skills in music fundamentals through analyzing, listening to, singing, and playing examples from various periods in musical history, from Gregorian chant to the present day. The research topics cover foundational music theorists like Guido d'Arezzo and the Pythagoreans, as well as modern applications of music theory in fields like mathematics, engineering, psychology, and education for children with autism.
THEN MADURAI?... (Scientific Research Article)IJERD Editor
Medieval Philosophers believed “ALCHEMY” as mystic knowledge, mystic science based on Hermitic Principles. ALCHEMISTS considered Alchemy also as Proto Science which was foundation to Modern Science, modern chemistry, chemical elements, and developed structures of basic Laboratory Techniques, theories, Terminologies, experimental methods contributed to modern physical sciences
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
(1) The document proposes a new theory that the early universe was systematically created by God rather than evolving from star dust as the Big Bang theory suggests.
(2) It hypothesizes that the first single land mass created was called "E-Lanka", considered the "White Continent" and "Mother of all Nations". E-Lanka is proposed to have later evolved into the five major continents and thousands of global nations we see today.
(3) Key terms in the theory include "E-Universe" (the entire cosmos), "K-Nadu" (infinity level of dark energy/matter), "J-Radiation" (creative force from God's "heart" or "
Presentation given to the Royal Astronomical Society
National Astronomy Meeting 2017
More detail: http://www.binarydust.org/2017/07/06/adventures-in-acoustic-cosmology/
The document discusses the relationships between art and science throughout history. It provides examples of how the two fields have influenced and supported each other, such as science providing new tools and materials for creating art, and art inspiring scientific discoveries through its use of beauty, harmony and symmetry. Specific examples mentioned include the mathematical underpinnings of music discovered by Pythagoras, Kepler's use of artistic concepts in astronomy, and recent techniques like data sonification that turn scientific data into music.
The document discusses the history and development of experimental and electronic music from the late 19th century to the mid-20th century. It mentions early inventors like Thaddeus Cahill who developed the Telharmonium, an early electronic instrument. It also discusses the Futurist movement in early 20th century Italy and composers like Luigi Russolo who pioneered noise music. The text then covers the development of musique concrète and electronic music in the works of composers like Schönberg, Cage, and Antheil's influential piece Ballet Mécanique.
Mathematics and music are deeply connected. Several historical figures have noted similarities between the fields, with music described as the "arithmetic of sounds" and mathematics as the art of creating beautiful patterns. Key connections include: the role of ratios in determining consonant musical intervals; the harmonic series underlying musical pitch; and conceptualizing melodies and rhythms as mathematical objects evolving over time. Formal mathematical ideas like logical systems and proofs also relate to how musical works develop and are understood. Overall, both fields value economy, elegance and the ability to surprise through innovative yet coherent systems.
Understanding Music Past and PresentN. Alan Clark, PhD .docxwillcoxjanay
Understanding Music
Past and Present
N. Alan Clark, PhD Thomas Heflin, DMA Jeffrey Kluball, EdD Elizabeth Kramer, PhD
Understanding Music
Past and Present
N. Alan Clark, PhD Thomas Heflin, DMA Jeffrey Kluball, EdD Elizabeth Kramer, PhD
Dahlonega, GA
Understanding Music: Past and Present is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribu-
tion-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This license allows you to remix, tweak, and build upon this work, even commercially, as
long as you credit this original source for the creation and license the new creation under
identical terms.
If you reuse this content elsewhere, in order to comply with the attribution requirements of
the license please attribute the original source to the University System of Georgia.
NOTE: The above copyright license which University System of Georgia uses for their
original content does not extend to or include content which was accessed and incorpo-
rated, and which is licensed under various other CC Licenses, such as ND licenses. Nor
does it extend to or include any Special Permissions which were granted to us by the
rightsholders for our use of their content.
Image Disclaimer: All images and figures in this book are believed to be (after a rea-
sonable investigation) either public domain or carry a compatible Creative Commons
license. If you are the copyright owner of images in this book and you have not authorized
the use of your work under these terms, please contact the University of North Georgia
Press at [email protected] to have the content removed.
ISBN: 978-1-940771-33-5
Produced by:
University System of Georgia
Published by:
University of North Georgia Press
Dahlonega, Georgia
Cover Design and Layout Design:
Corey Parson
For more information, please visit http://ung.edu/university-press
Or email [email protected]
Music FundaMentals 1
N. Alan Clark, Thomas Heflin, Elizabeth Kramer
Music oF the Middle ages 34
Elizabeth Kramer
Music oF the Renaissance 52
Jeff Kluball
Music oF the BaRoque PeRiod 73
Jeff Kluball and Elizabeth Kramer
Music oF the classical PeRiod 116
Jeff Kluball and Elizabeth Kramer
nineteenth-centuRy Music and RoManticisM 160
Jeff Kluball and Elizabeth Kramer
the twentieth centuRy and Beyond 225
N. Alan Clark and Thomas Heflin
PoPulaR Music in the united states 255
N. Alan Clark and Thomas Heflin
aPPendix 289
glossaRy 298
Table of C onTenTs
Page | 1
1.1 objeCTives
1. Recognize a wide variety of sounds, comparing and contrasting them
using musical elements of pitch, volume, articulation, and timbre.
2. Aurally identify important performing forces (use of the voice and
instruments) of Western music.
3. Define basic elements of melody, harmony, rhythm, and texture and
build a vocabulary for discussing them.
4. Identify basic principles and types of musical form.
5. Listen to music and describe its musical elements and form.
6. Compare and contrast categories of art music, folk music, and pop music ...
- Ancient civilizations believed that controlling the music people heard allowed rulers to influence and control populations. Rulers regulated music to engineer balancing effects.
- Different ancient cultures had their own musical scales and systems, with notes farther apart historically. Over time, notes became closer together as cultures descended into physical matter.
- Reversing this trend by listening to ancient musical patterns with wider note intervals could potentially expand consciousness and facilitate humanity's evolution back towards the divine.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
A Novel Method for Prevention of Bandwidth Distributed Denial of Service AttacksIJERD Editor
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks became a massive threat to the Internet. Traditional
Architecture of internet is vulnerable to the attacks like DDoS. Attacker primarily acquire his army of Zombies,
then that army will be instructed by the Attacker that when to start an attack and on whom the attack should be
done. In this paper, different techniques which are used to perform DDoS Attacks, Tools that were used to
perform Attacks and Countermeasures in order to detect the attackers and eliminate the Bandwidth Distributed
Denial of Service attacks (B-DDoS) are reviewed. DDoS Attacks were done by using various Flooding
techniques which are used in DDoS attack.
The main purpose of this paper is to design an architecture which can reduce the Bandwidth
Distributed Denial of service Attack and make the victim site or server available for the normal users by
eliminating the zombie machines. Our Primary focus of this paper is to dispute how normal machines are
turning into zombies (Bots), how attack is been initiated, DDoS attack procedure and how an organization can
save their server from being a DDoS victim. In order to present this we implemented a simulated environment
with Cisco switches, Routers, Firewall, some virtual machines and some Attack tools to display a real DDoS
attack. By using Time scheduling, Resource Limiting, System log, Access Control List and some Modular
policy Framework we stopped the attack and identified the Attacker (Bot) machines
Hearing loss is one of the most common human impairments. It is estimated that by year 2015 more
than 700 million people will suffer mild deafness. Most can be helped by hearing aid devices depending on the
severity of their hearing loss. This paper describes the implementation and characterization details of a dual
channel transmitter front end (TFE) for digital hearing aid (DHA) applications that use novel micro
electromechanical- systems (MEMS) audio transducers and ultra-low power-scalable analog-to-digital
converters (ADCs), which enable a very-low form factor, energy-efficient implementation for next-generation
DHA. The contribution of the design is the implementation of the dual channel MEMS microphones and powerscalable
ADC system.
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An overview of some of the earliest musical technologies we have uncovered so far, as well as the structural ideas of music developed by the ancient Greeks.
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This document summarizes an article that discusses the shift in perspectives on the power of music from ancient Greek philosophers to Baroque era thinkers. It describes the ancient Greek views, including Pythagoras' "Music of the Spheres" theory that numbers and ratios explained the cosmos. Plato took a more anthropological view, discussing music's effects on human senses and emotions. The article argues this shift reflected changing views from a "cosmological" perspective justifying music in terms of the cosmos, to an "anthropological" perspective focusing on human needs and experiences.
These are the slides of a talk by Rens Bod presented on January 18, 2012 at WERELD BEELD, Amsterdam University College. The title is: How the Humanities Changed the World, Or why we should stop worrying and love the history of the humanities.
The humanities are under severe pressure worldwide. While the humanities have been viewed for centuries as the pinnacle of education, during the last forty years or so the study of art, history, literature, language and music is typically seen as a luxury, both by policy makers and the public. The humanities are an ornamentation of life but useless for technology, economy and industry. Humanities scholars have been unable to come up with a convincing answer to their marginalization. Arguments in favour of the humanities are defensive and get lost in mantra-like repetitions like: the humanistic disciplines are important for self-cultivation (Bildung), they are relevant for cultural and historical consciousness, and they form the basis for critical thinking and democracy. While these arguments may all be true, most scholars overlook the possibility that the assumption behind the image problem itself may be wrong.
Humanities scholars seem to have taken for granted that the humanities are economically irrelevant. Yet a quick glance over the history of the humanities shows the opposite: humanistic insights not only radically changed the world but they also resulted in concrete applications. As if humanities scholars have no idea of their own history – or decided to neglect a part of it -- these applications are attributed to the sciences. Here something has to be rectified, where the attack is the best defense.
“VARYING-SCIENCE”?... ON A COMMON SENSE THEORYIJERD Editor
SCIENCE” means “KNOWLEDGE”?...
“VARYING-SCIENCE” means “KNOWLEDGE VARIES”?...
i. Science differs from „philosophy‟?...
ii. Philosophy differs from „theory‟?...
iii. Evolution differs from „Pre-existence‟?...
iv. Earth gravity varies everyday?...
v. Light velocity varies everyday?...
vi. Universal constants varies everyday?...
vii. Cell chromosome varies everyday?...
viii. Heartbeat varies everyday?...
YES!… YES!! … YES!!!...
The word "music" comes from the Greek word "mousikê" meaning any of the arts or sciences governed by the Muses. In ancient Greece, it referred to poetry and what we now think of as music. In the European Middle Ages, music was considered one of the mathematical arts and was divided into three categories: musica universalis referring to the mathematical order of the universe; musica mundana referring to the proportions of the human body; and musica instrumentalis referring to performed sound through singing and instruments. The mathematical and physical relationships between frequencies that create musical intervals were a major focus of medieval musicians.
This document discusses Stockhausen's musical philosophy and creative personality. It describes Stockhausen's view of a unified musical time consisting of three spheres - the Sphere of Pitch relating to melody and harmony, the Sphere of Duration relating to rhythm and meter, and the Sphere of Form relating to larger-scale musical structure. It explains how these spheres arise from sound vibrations occurring at different speeds and overlap, allowing for transitions between realms of musical perception. The document also examines Stockhausen's concept of different musical properties being derived from the structure in time, and how this informed his compositional approach.
This document provides an excerpt of a music theory syllabus, including assignments and topics for research. The syllabus is intended to guide students in developing knowledge and skills in music fundamentals through analyzing, listening to, singing, and playing examples from various periods in musical history, from Gregorian chant to the present day. The research topics cover foundational music theorists like Guido d'Arezzo and the Pythagoreans, as well as modern applications of music theory in fields like mathematics, engineering, psychology, and education for children with autism.
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(3) Key terms in the theory include "E-Universe" (the entire cosmos), "K-Nadu" (infinity level of dark energy/matter), "J-Radiation" (creative force from God's "heart" or "
Presentation given to the Royal Astronomical Society
National Astronomy Meeting 2017
More detail: http://www.binarydust.org/2017/07/06/adventures-in-acoustic-cosmology/
The document discusses the relationships between art and science throughout history. It provides examples of how the two fields have influenced and supported each other, such as science providing new tools and materials for creating art, and art inspiring scientific discoveries through its use of beauty, harmony and symmetry. Specific examples mentioned include the mathematical underpinnings of music discovered by Pythagoras, Kepler's use of artistic concepts in astronomy, and recent techniques like data sonification that turn scientific data into music.
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Mathematics and music are deeply connected. Several historical figures have noted similarities between the fields, with music described as the "arithmetic of sounds" and mathematics as the art of creating beautiful patterns. Key connections include: the role of ratios in determining consonant musical intervals; the harmonic series underlying musical pitch; and conceptualizing melodies and rhythms as mathematical objects evolving over time. Formal mathematical ideas like logical systems and proofs also relate to how musical works develop and are understood. Overall, both fields value economy, elegance and the ability to surprise through innovative yet coherent systems.
Understanding Music Past and PresentN. Alan Clark, PhD .docxwillcoxjanay
Understanding Music
Past and Present
N. Alan Clark, PhD Thomas Heflin, DMA Jeffrey Kluball, EdD Elizabeth Kramer, PhD
Understanding Music
Past and Present
N. Alan Clark, PhD Thomas Heflin, DMA Jeffrey Kluball, EdD Elizabeth Kramer, PhD
Dahlonega, GA
Understanding Music: Past and Present is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribu-
tion-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This license allows you to remix, tweak, and build upon this work, even commercially, as
long as you credit this original source for the creation and license the new creation under
identical terms.
If you reuse this content elsewhere, in order to comply with the attribution requirements of
the license please attribute the original source to the University System of Georgia.
NOTE: The above copyright license which University System of Georgia uses for their
original content does not extend to or include content which was accessed and incorpo-
rated, and which is licensed under various other CC Licenses, such as ND licenses. Nor
does it extend to or include any Special Permissions which were granted to us by the
rightsholders for our use of their content.
Image Disclaimer: All images and figures in this book are believed to be (after a rea-
sonable investigation) either public domain or carry a compatible Creative Commons
license. If you are the copyright owner of images in this book and you have not authorized
the use of your work under these terms, please contact the University of North Georgia
Press at [email protected] to have the content removed.
ISBN: 978-1-940771-33-5
Produced by:
University System of Georgia
Published by:
University of North Georgia Press
Dahlonega, Georgia
Cover Design and Layout Design:
Corey Parson
For more information, please visit http://ung.edu/university-press
Or email [email protected]
Music FundaMentals 1
N. Alan Clark, Thomas Heflin, Elizabeth Kramer
Music oF the Middle ages 34
Elizabeth Kramer
Music oF the Renaissance 52
Jeff Kluball
Music oF the BaRoque PeRiod 73
Jeff Kluball and Elizabeth Kramer
Music oF the classical PeRiod 116
Jeff Kluball and Elizabeth Kramer
nineteenth-centuRy Music and RoManticisM 160
Jeff Kluball and Elizabeth Kramer
the twentieth centuRy and Beyond 225
N. Alan Clark and Thomas Heflin
PoPulaR Music in the united states 255
N. Alan Clark and Thomas Heflin
aPPendix 289
glossaRy 298
Table of C onTenTs
Page | 1
1.1 objeCTives
1. Recognize a wide variety of sounds, comparing and contrasting them
using musical elements of pitch, volume, articulation, and timbre.
2. Aurally identify important performing forces (use of the voice and
instruments) of Western music.
3. Define basic elements of melody, harmony, rhythm, and texture and
build a vocabulary for discussing them.
4. Identify basic principles and types of musical form.
5. Listen to music and describe its musical elements and form.
6. Compare and contrast categories of art music, folk music, and pop music ...
- Ancient civilizations believed that controlling the music people heard allowed rulers to influence and control populations. Rulers regulated music to engineer balancing effects.
- Different ancient cultures had their own musical scales and systems, with notes farther apart historically. Over time, notes became closer together as cultures descended into physical matter.
- Reversing this trend by listening to ancient musical patterns with wider note intervals could potentially expand consciousness and facilitate humanity's evolution back towards the divine.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Similar to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (20)
A Novel Method for Prevention of Bandwidth Distributed Denial of Service AttacksIJERD Editor
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks became a massive threat to the Internet. Traditional
Architecture of internet is vulnerable to the attacks like DDoS. Attacker primarily acquire his army of Zombies,
then that army will be instructed by the Attacker that when to start an attack and on whom the attack should be
done. In this paper, different techniques which are used to perform DDoS Attacks, Tools that were used to
perform Attacks and Countermeasures in order to detect the attackers and eliminate the Bandwidth Distributed
Denial of Service attacks (B-DDoS) are reviewed. DDoS Attacks were done by using various Flooding
techniques which are used in DDoS attack.
The main purpose of this paper is to design an architecture which can reduce the Bandwidth
Distributed Denial of service Attack and make the victim site or server available for the normal users by
eliminating the zombie machines. Our Primary focus of this paper is to dispute how normal machines are
turning into zombies (Bots), how attack is been initiated, DDoS attack procedure and how an organization can
save their server from being a DDoS victim. In order to present this we implemented a simulated environment
with Cisco switches, Routers, Firewall, some virtual machines and some Attack tools to display a real DDoS
attack. By using Time scheduling, Resource Limiting, System log, Access Control List and some Modular
policy Framework we stopped the attack and identified the Attacker (Bot) machines
Hearing loss is one of the most common human impairments. It is estimated that by year 2015 more
than 700 million people will suffer mild deafness. Most can be helped by hearing aid devices depending on the
severity of their hearing loss. This paper describes the implementation and characterization details of a dual
channel transmitter front end (TFE) for digital hearing aid (DHA) applications that use novel micro
electromechanical- systems (MEMS) audio transducers and ultra-low power-scalable analog-to-digital
converters (ADCs), which enable a very-low form factor, energy-efficient implementation for next-generation
DHA. The contribution of the design is the implementation of the dual channel MEMS microphones and powerscalable
ADC system.
Influence of tensile behaviour of slab on the structural Behaviour of shear c...IJERD Editor
-A composite beam is composed of a steel beam and a slab connected by means of shear connectors
like studs installed on the top flange of the steel beam to form a structure behaving monolithically. This study
analyzes the effects of the tensile behavior of the slab on the structural behavior of the shear connection like slip
stiffness and maximum shear force in composite beams subjected to hogging moment. The results show that the
shear studs located in the crack-concentration zones due to large hogging moments sustain significantly smaller
shear force and slip stiffness than the other zones. Moreover, the reduction of the slip stiffness in the shear
connection appears also to be closely related to the change in the tensile strain of rebar according to the increase
of the load. Further experimental and analytical studies shall be conducted considering variables such as the
reinforcement ratio and the arrangement of shear connectors to achieve efficient design of the shear connection
in composite beams subjected to hogging moment.
Gold prospecting using Remote Sensing ‘A case study of Sudan’IJERD Editor
Gold has been extracted from northeast Africa for more than 5000 years, and this may be the first
place where the metal was extracted. The Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS) is an exposure of Precambrian
crystalline rocks on the flanks of the Red Sea. The crystalline rocks are mostly Neoproterozoic in age. ANS
includes the nations of Israel, Jordan. Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Yemen, and Somalia.
Arabian Nubian Shield Consists of juvenile continental crest that formed between 900 550 Ma, when intra
oceanic arc welded together along ophiolite decorated arc. Primary Au mineralization probably developed in
association with the growth of intra oceanic arc and evolution of back arc. Multiple episodes of deformation
have obscured the primary metallogenic setting, but at least some of the deposits preserve evidence that they
originate as sea floor massive sulphide deposits.
The Red Sea Hills Region is a vast span of rugged, harsh and inhospitable sector of the Earth with
inimical moon-like terrain, nevertheless since ancient times it is famed to be an abode of gold and was a major
source of wealth for the Pharaohs of ancient Egypt. The Pharaohs old workings have been periodically
rediscovered through time. Recent endeavours by the Geological Research Authority of Sudan led to the
discovery of a score of occurrences with gold and massive sulphide mineralizations. In the nineties of the
previous century the Geological Research Authority of Sudan (GRAS) in cooperation with BRGM utilized
satellite data of Landsat TM using spectral ratio technique to map possible mineralized zones in the Red Sea
Hills of Sudan. The outcome of the study mapped a gossan type gold mineralization. Band ratio technique was
applied to Arbaat area and a signature of alteration zone was detected. The alteration zones are commonly
associated with mineralization. The alteration zones are commonly associated with mineralization. A filed check
confirmed the existence of stock work of gold bearing quartz in the alteration zone. Another type of gold
mineralization that was discovered using remote sensing is the gold associated with metachert in the Atmur
Desert.
Reducing Corrosion Rate by Welding DesignIJERD Editor
This document summarizes a study on reducing corrosion rates in steel through welding design. The researchers tested different welding groove designs (X, V, 1/2X, 1/2V) and preheating temperatures (400°C, 500°C, 600°C) on ferritic malleable iron samples. Testing found that X and V groove designs with 500°C and 600°C preheating had corrosion rates of 0.5-0.69% weight loss after 14 days, compared to 0.57-0.76% for 400°C preheating. Higher preheating reduced residual stresses which decreased corrosion. Residual stresses were 1.7 MPa for optimal X groove and 600°C
Router 1X3 – RTL Design and VerificationIJERD Editor
Routing is the process of moving a packet of data from source to destination and enables messages
to pass from one computer to another and eventually reach the target machine. A router is a networking device
that forwards data packets between computer networks. It is connected to two or more data lines from different
networks (as opposed to a network switch, which connects data lines from one single network). This paper,
mainly emphasizes upon the study of router device, it‟s top level architecture, and how various sub-modules of
router i.e. Register, FIFO, FSM and Synchronizer are synthesized, and simulated and finally connected to its top
module.
Active Power Exchange in Distributed Power-Flow Controller (DPFC) At Third Ha...IJERD Editor
This paper presents a component within the flexible ac-transmission system (FACTS) family, called
distributed power-flow controller (DPFC). The DPFC is derived from the unified power-flow controller (UPFC)
with an eliminated common dc link. The DPFC has the same control capabilities as the UPFC, which comprise
the adjustment of the line impedance, the transmission angle, and the bus voltage. The active power exchange
between the shunt and series converters, which is through the common dc link in the UPFC, is now through the
transmission lines at the third-harmonic frequency. DPFC multiple small-size single-phase converters which
reduces the cost of equipment, no voltage isolation between phases, increases redundancy and there by
reliability increases. The principle and analysis of the DPFC are presented in this paper and the corresponding
simulation results that are carried out on a scaled prototype are also shown.
Mitigation of Voltage Sag/Swell with Fuzzy Control Reduced Rating DVRIJERD Editor
Power quality has been an issue that is becoming increasingly pivotal in industrial electricity
consumers point of view in recent times. Modern industries employ Sensitive power electronic equipments,
control devices and non-linear loads as part of automated processes to increase energy efficiency and
productivity. Voltage disturbances are the most common power quality problem due to this the use of a large
numbers of sophisticated and sensitive electronic equipment in industrial systems is increased. This paper
discusses the design and simulation of dynamic voltage restorer for improvement of power quality and
reduce the harmonics distortion of sensitive loads. Power quality problem is occurring at non-standard
voltage, current and frequency. Electronic devices are very sensitive loads. In power system voltage sag,
swell, flicker and harmonics are some of the problem to the sensitive load. The compensation capability
of a DVR depends primarily on the maximum voltage injection ability and the amount of stored
energy available within the restorer. This device is connected in series with the distribution feeder at
medium voltage. A fuzzy logic control is used to produce the gate pulses for control circuit of DVR and the
circuit is simulated by using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Study on the Fused Deposition Modelling In Additive ManufacturingIJERD Editor
Additive manufacturing process, also popularly known as 3-D printing, is a process where a product
is created in a succession of layers. It is based on a novel materials incremental manufacturing philosophy.
Unlike conventional manufacturing processes where material is removed from a given work price to derive the
final shape of a product, 3-D printing develops the product from scratch thus obviating the necessity to cut away
materials. This prevents wastage of raw materials. Commonly used raw materials for the process are ABS
plastic, PLA and nylon. Recently the use of gold, bronze and wood has also been implemented. The complexity
factor of this process is 0% as in any object of any shape and size can be manufactured.
Spyware triggering system by particular string valueIJERD Editor
This computer programme can be used for good and bad purpose in hacking or in any general
purpose. We can say it is next step for hacking techniques such as keylogger and spyware. Once in this system if
user or hacker store particular string as a input after that software continually compare typing activity of user
with that stored string and if it is match then launch spyware programme.
A Blind Steganalysis on JPEG Gray Level Image Based on Statistical Features a...IJERD Editor
This paper presents a blind steganalysis technique to effectively attack the JPEG steganographic
schemes i.e. Jsteg, F5, Outguess and DWT Based. The proposed method exploits the correlations between
block-DCTcoefficients from intra-block and inter-block relation and the statistical moments of characteristic
functions of the test image is selected as features. The features are extracted from the BDCT JPEG 2-array.
Support Vector Machine with cross-validation is implemented for the classification.The proposed scheme gives
improved outcome in attacking.
Secure Image Transmission for Cloud Storage System Using Hybrid SchemeIJERD Editor
- Data over the cloud is transferred or transmitted between servers and users. Privacy of that
data is very important as it belongs to personal information. If data get hacked by the hacker, can be
used to defame a person’s social data. Sometimes delay are held during data transmission. i.e. Mobile
communication, bandwidth is low. Hence compression algorithms are proposed for fast and efficient
transmission, encryption is used for security purposes and blurring is used by providing additional
layers of security. These algorithms are hybridized for having a robust and efficient security and
transmission over cloud storage system.
Application of Buckley-Leverett Equation in Modeling the Radius of Invasion i...IJERD Editor
A thorough review of existing literature indicates that the Buckley-Leverett equation only analyzes
waterflood practices directly without any adjustments on real reservoir scenarios. By doing so, quite a number
of errors are introduced into these analyses. Also, for most waterflood scenarios, a radial investigation is more
appropriate than a simplified linear system. This study investigates the adoption of the Buckley-Leverett
equation to estimate the radius invasion of the displacing fluid during waterflooding. The model is also adopted
for a Microbial flood and a comparative analysis is conducted for both waterflooding and microbial flooding.
Results shown from the analysis doesn’t only records a success in determining the radial distance of the leading
edge of water during the flooding process, but also gives a clearer understanding of the applicability of
microbes to enhance oil production through in-situ production of bio-products like bio surfactans, biogenic
gases, bio acids etc.
Gesture Gaming on the World Wide Web Using an Ordinary Web CameraIJERD Editor
- Gesture gaming is a method by which users having a laptop/pc/x-box play games using natural or
bodily gestures. This paper presents a way of playing free flash games on the internet using an ordinary webcam
with the help of open source technologies. Emphasis in human activity recognition is given on the pose
estimation and the consistency in the pose of the player. These are estimated with the help of an ordinary web
camera having different resolutions from VGA to 20mps. Our work involved giving a 10 second documentary to
the user on how to play a particular game using gestures and what are the various kinds of gestures that can be
performed in front of the system. The initial inputs of the RGB values for the gesture component is obtained by
instructing the user to place his component in a red box in about 10 seconds after the short documentary before
the game is finished. Later the system opens the concerned game on the internet on popular flash game sites like
miniclip, games arcade, GameStop etc and loads the game clicking at various places and brings the state to a
place where the user is to perform only gestures to start playing the game. At any point of time the user can call
off the game by hitting the esc key and the program will release all of the controls and return to the desktop. It
was noted that the results obtained using an ordinary webcam matched that of the Kinect and the users could
relive the gaming experience of the free flash games on the net. Therefore effective in game advertising could
also be achieved thus resulting in a disruptive growth to the advertising firms.
Hardware Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Isolated Circuits And...IJERD Editor
-LLC resonant frequency converter is basically a combo of series as well as parallel resonant ckt. For
LCC resonant converter it is associated with a disadvantage that, though it has two resonant frequencies, the
lower resonant frequency is in ZCS region[5]. For this application, we are not able to design the converter
working at this resonant frequency. LLC resonant converter existed for a very long time but because of
unknown characteristic of this converter it was used as a series resonant converter with basically a passive
(resistive) load. . Here, it was designed to operate in switching frequency higher than resonant frequency of the
series resonant tank of Lr and Cr converter acts very similar to Series Resonant Converter. The benefit of LLC
resonant converter is narrow switching frequency range with light load[6] . Basically, the control ckt plays a
very imp. role and hence 555 Timer used here provides a perfect square wave as the control ckt provides no
slew rate which makes the square wave really strong and impenetrable. The dead band circuit provides the
exclusive dead band in micro seconds so as to avoid the simultaneous firing of two pairs of IGBT’s where one
pair switches off and the other on for a slightest period of time. Hence, the isolator ckt here is associated with
each and every ckt used because it acts as a driver and an isolation to each of the IGBT is provided with one
exclusive transformer supply[3]. The IGBT’s are fired using the appropriate signal using the previous boards
and hence at last a high frequency rectifier ckt with a filtering capacitor is used to get an exact dc
waveform .The basic goal of this particular analysis is to observe the wave forms and characteristics of
converters with differently positioned passive elements in the form of tank circuits.
Simulated Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Different Tank Circu...IJERD Editor
LLC resonant frequency converter is basically a combo of series as well as parallel resonant ckt. For
LCC resonant converter it is associated with a disadvantage that, though it has two resonant frequencies, the
lower resonant frequency is in ZCS region [5]. For this application, we are not able to design the converter
working at this resonant frequency. LLC resonant converter existed for a very long time but because of
unknown characteristic of this converter it was used as a series resonant converter with basically a passive
(resistive) load. . Here, it was designed to operate in switching frequency higher than resonant frequency of the
series resonant tank of Lr and Cr converter acts very similar to Series Resonant Converter. The benefit of LLC
resonant converter is narrow switching frequency range with light load[6] . Basically, the control ckt plays a
very imp. role and hence 555 Timer used here provides a perfect square wave as the control ckt provides no
slew rate which makes the square wave really strong and impenetrable. The dead band circuit provides the
exclusive dead band in micro seconds so as to avoid the simultaneous firing of two pairs of IGBT’s where one
pair switches off and the other on for a slightest period of time. Hence, the isolator ckt here is associated with
each and every ckt used because it acts as a driver and an isolation to each of the IGBT is provided with one
exclusive transformer supply[3]. The IGBT’s are fired using the appropriate signal using the previous boards
and hence at last a high frequency rectifier ckt with a filtering capacitor is used to get an exact dc
waveform .The basic goal of this particular analysis is to observe the wave forms and characteristics of
converters with differently positioned passive elements in the form of tank circuits. The supported simulation
is done through PSIM 6.0 software tool
Amateurs Radio operator, also known as HAM communicates with other HAMs through Radio
waves. Wireless communication in which Moon is used as natural satellite is called Moon-bounce or EME
(Earth -Moon-Earth) technique. Long distance communication (DXing) using Very High Frequency (VHF)
operated amateur HAM radio was difficult. Even with the modest setup having good transceiver, power
amplifier and high gain antenna with high directivity, VHF DXing is possible. Generally 2X11 YAGI antenna
along with rotor to set horizontal and vertical angle is used. Moon tracking software gives exact location,
visibility of Moon at both the stations and other vital data to acquire real time position of moon.
“MS-Extractor: An Innovative Approach to Extract Microsatellites on „Y‟ Chrom...IJERD Editor
Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR), also known as Microsatellites, have been extensively used as
molecular markers due to their abundance and high degree of polymorphism. The nucleotide sequences of
polymorphic forms of the same gene should be 99.9% identical. So, Microsatellites extraction from the Gene is
crucial. However, Microsatellites repeat count is compared, if they differ largely, he has some disorder. The Y
chromosome likely contains 50 to 60 genes that provide instructions for making proteins. Because only males
have the Y chromosome, the genes on this chromosome tend to be involved in male sex determination and
development. Several Microsatellite Extractors exist and they fail to extract microsatellites on large data sets of
giga bytes and tera bytes in size. The proposed tool “MS-Extractor: An Innovative Approach to extract
Microsatellites on „Y‟ Chromosome” can extract both Perfect as well as Imperfect Microsatellites from large
data sets of human genome „Y‟. The proposed system uses string matching with sliding window approach to
locate Microsatellites and extracts them.
Importance of Measurements in Smart GridIJERD Editor
- The need to get reliable supply, independence from fossil fuels, and capability to provide clean
energy at a fixed and lower cost, the existing power grid structure is transforming into Smart Grid. The
development of a smart energy distribution grid is a current goal of many nations. A Smart Grid should have
new capabilities such as self-healing, high reliability, energy management, and real-time pricing. This new era
of smart future grid will lead to major changes in existing technologies at generation, transmission and
distribution levels. The incorporation of renewable energy resources and distribution generators in the existing
grid will increase the complexity, optimization problems and instability of the system. This will lead to a
paradigm shift in the instrumentation and control requirements for Smart Grids for high quality, stable and
reliable electricity supply of power. The monitoring of the grid system state and stability relies on the
availability of reliable measurement of data. In this paper the measurement areas that highlight new
measurement challenges, development of the Smart Meters and the critical parameters of electric energy to be
monitored for improving the reliability of power systems has been discussed.
Study of Macro level Properties of SCC using GGBS and Lime stone powderIJERD Editor
The document summarizes a study on the use of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and limestone powder to replace cement in self-compacting concrete (SCC). Tests were conducted on SCC mixes with 0-50% replacement of cement with GGBS and 0-20% replacement with limestone powder. The results showed that replacing 30% of cement with GGBS and 15% with limestone powder produced SCC with the highest compressive strength of 46MPa, meeting fresh property requirements. The study concluded that this ternary blend of cement, GGBS and limestone powder can improve SCC properties while reducing costs.
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptxSitimaJohn
Ocean Lotus cyber threat actors represent a sophisticated, persistent, and politically motivated group that poses a significant risk to organizations and individuals in the Southeast Asian region. Their continuous evolution and adaptability underscore the need for robust cybersecurity measures and international cooperation to identify and mitigate the threats posed by such advanced persistent threat groups.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
1. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
e-ISSN: 2278-067X, p-ISSN: 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com
Volume 10, Issue 7 (July 2014), PP.22-32
THE MUSIC RAIN?... (A New theory on “ J-Music”)
M.Arulmani, B.E.(Engineer), V.R.Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M.Phil.(Biologist)
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Abstract:-
“SYMPHONY” is the source of Music?...
NO… NO… NO… “WHITE CLOUDS” (Plasma Cloud) shall be considered as the source of
Classical Music rather than symphony emanated from thousands of orchestral metallic Instruments. Symphony
shall be considered as organized sounds and not Music.
(i)
(ii)
This research article focus that Billions of “Raindrop” emanated from “White clouds” considered as
Thalam (Tala) composed of three-in-one fundamental ions Photon, Electron, Proton of “J-RADIATION”. This
article further focus that the J-Radiation emanated from “White hole” region of universe shall be considered as
“SOUL” of MUSIC CLOUDS. In proto Indo Europe language white clouds shall be called as “MUKIL” (Mu-kil).
(i)
2. THE MUSIC RAIN?... (A New theory on “ J-Music”)
(ii)
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i. “SUN” is like “RHYTHM” (Lightning)
ii. “EARTH” is like “MELODY” (Thunder)
iii. “MOON” is like “PITCH” (Rain)
iv. “J-RADIATION” is like “TALA” (Clouds)
Keywords:-
a) Soul Music
b) Frog Music
c) Whistle Music
d) Parliament Music
e) Stardom of Music
f) e-Music
I. INTRODUCTION
It is focused that global level musical theories still could not clarify What exactly “Music” means?...
Big-bang theory sound is music?... Or Noise?...
i. Music is Spirit (or) Soul?....
ii. Music is Art (or) Science?....
iii. Music is Fuel (or) Energy?..
iv. Music is Harmony (or) Harmonics?...
v. Music is Sound (or) Life?...
The philosophy of music shall be defined as below:
i. Pitch (Tune) is like “ART”
ii. Melody is like SCIENCE
iii. Rhythm is like “INTUITION”
iv. Tala is like “CLOUDS”
3. THE MUSIC RAIN?... (A New theory on “ J-Music”)
This article emphasize that the “White Clouds” of Nature composed of Three-in-one Zone (considered
as three fundamental notes) say positive cloud, Negative cloud, Neutral cloud which is responsible for origin
of three fundamental elements Lightning, Thunder, Rain (also called as White matters or Pure matters).
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i. Music is the source of “Lightning”
ii. Music is the source of “Thunder”
iii. Music is the source of “Rain”
iv. Music is the source of “Life”
Harmony in music shall be considered as “Fuel” (Silence). Harmonics in music shall be considered as
“Energy” (Sound).
“Symphony shall be considered as Organized sounds rather than music. Music shall mean Soul of universe”
- Author
II. HYPOTHESIS
a) Philosophy of Soul Music?...
It is hypothesized that soul music (white crystal) shall be considered emanated from “Spirit” (Black
crystal) due to impact of Accretion in the early universe. Billions of Talas (Universal Matters) shall be
considered originated due to “FISSION” “FUSION” act of disturbed universe. The early universe shall be
considered as SILENT Environment (Sleep mode).
During the course of Time (Called as Expanding Universe) Universe Consider start “Breath” (wake
up) due to upward, downward gravity and music starts flow like “Ocean waves” for balancing the disturbed
universe. “TSUNAMI” “Forced winds”, “Heavy Rain” shall be considered as Turbulent Music for balancing
the disturbed universe. The philosophy of origin of “Music” shall be described as above.
“Music considered as emanated from silence (silent cloud) rather than from thousands of symphony
instruments” -Author
4. THE MUSIC RAIN?... (A New theory on “ J-Music”)
b) Philosophy of Universal Trumpet?...
“Universe” is like Trumpet?...
yes… yes… yes… It is hypothesized that the entire Cosmo Universe composed of “three chambers” having
“respiratory holes” (say Dark holes, white holes). Soul music shall be considered emanated near white hole
region consider responsible for existence of Billions of Organic, Inorganic matters of Universe under
equilibrium condition. The Ultimate Dark hole shall be considered like “Blowing Point” having infinite level
of “Dark energy” required for origin of “Music” (Soul). SUN, EARTH, MOON shall be considered as three
fundamental parameters of Soul Music (ESAI).
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i. Right dot is like Pitch (MOON)
ii. Left dot is like Melody (EARTH)
iii. Centre dot is like Rhythm (SUN)
iv. White hole is like Tala (MARS)
(i)
Region I – Perfect vacuum region (Anti-Neutrinos radiation)
Region II – Partial vacuum region (Neutrinos radiation)
Region III – Observable Vacuum region (EMR, Einstein Region)
5. THE MUSIC RAIN?... (A New theory on “ J-Music”)
(ii)
The Dark crystal consider produce inaudible “Natural Vibration” responsible for existence of
Universe. Each Vibration shall be referred to independent “TALA”. The Natural Vibration shall be called in
proto Indo Europe language “ESAI”.
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c) Philosophy of Human Soul?...
It is focused that global leaves scientific theories could not clarify still what is the Energy Source of
Human Heart Beat?... It is hypothesized that “Soul Music” of super Nature (Dark Crystal) shall be considered
as source of energy for human Heart Beat. The organized “Pulse wave” emanated from white whole region of
Universe shall be considered as “J-MUSIC”.
i. Proton is like “DNA” (Pitch)
ii. Electron is like “HORMONE” (Melody)
iii. Photon is like “RNA” (Rhythm)
d) Philosophy of whistle music?...
It is hypothesized that “WIND PIPE” (SANKU) of human shall be considered as Master Trumpet and
Soul Point of Human connecting three fundamental Musical Instrument Heart, Lungs, Brain producing
pleasant sounds (Sankeetham). Wheeze shall be considered as NOISE and distortion to fundamental whistle
music (Sanku Esai).
6. THE MUSIC RAIN?... (A New theory on “ J-Music”)
“Thousands of symphony whistling sounds during “WHEEZE” shall be considered as Harmonics to the
fundamental Harmony” - Author
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e) Philosophy of “FROG MUSIC”?...
It is focused that thousands of multiple sounds produced by Frogs during Rainy Season shall be
considered as thanks offering as expression of joy to the nature for producing drops of “Rain music” for their
survival.
f) Philosophy of parliament music?...
It is hypothesized that the global level parliamentary system shall be considered as “Universal
Trumpet” blowing for “PEACE” for comfort and sustainability of human life on the earth.
i) Rajya Saba is like “Pitch” (Common sense)
ii) Lok Saba is like “Melody” (Intelligence)
iii) Supreme Court is like “Rhythm” (Intuition)
iv) President is like “Soul” (J-Music)
g) Philosophy of STARDOM?...
It is focused that “Stardom” shall be considered as mother of music signing songs (Thalattu) for the
“peace of children”. In proto Indo Europe language stardom shall be called as “Thai-e”.
(i)
(ii)
7. THE MUSIC RAIN?... (A New theory on “ J-Music”)
28
h) Case study on Triangle Instrument?...
Case study shows that the triangle Instrument considered as oldest musical instrument made up of
Bronze look like Isosceles triangle. It is hypothesized that the philosophy of Triangle instrument might be
derived from the Philosophy of “Trumpet Universe” (Tripod shape).
Further the Philosophy of “Maya conch” having thee ventages produce three consecutive notes might
be derived from the philosophy of trumpet universe.
i) Case study on word “MU”?...
Case study shows that MU is considered as 12th letter of Greek alphabet being used to represent as
universe constant for behavior of nature such as Electromagnetic theory (permeability) music theory (strings
chord), particle physics (muon), standard gravitational parameter of celestial body, gravitational constant etc.
Further “MU” is used as slang word and abbreviation like multi user, mutual understanding, mobile upload etc.
It is hypothesized that the philosophy of “MU” might be derived from the philosophy of proto Indo
Europe language origin “MULAM”. Mulam shall mean law of music (e-logic).
i) Right dot is like “Vowel” (Monophthong)
ii) Left dot is like “Consonant” (Diphthong)
iii) Centre dot is like “Vibration” (Triphthong)
j) Case study on word Music Alphabet?...
It is hypothesized that the philosophy of global music alphabet might be derived from the philosophy
of “J-NOTE”.
8. THE MUSIC RAIN?... (A New theory on “ J-Music”)
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k) Philosophy of Music wave travel?...
Case study shows that Greek began to study music theory as early as 6th century B.C. concerned about
harmonic, acoustic, scalar and melody. Pythagoras believe that music is a mathematical expression of cosmic
order. Music also believes to be concerned with medical power over physical and mental illness.
It is hypothesized that the mathematical constants i, e, π shall be concerned with music parameters. In
the earlier Universe the value of e and π might be 3.0 and subsequently become irrational due to disturbed
Universe. In the early Universe the music wave might be considered as having particle behavior and
subsequently resorted to logarithmic wave behavior. The Philosophy of relative constants shall be expressed as
below.
i. “i" considered associated with SUN behavior
ii. “e” considered associated with EARTH behavior
iii. “π” considered associated with MOON behavior
iv. “J” considered associated with MARS behavior
l) Case study on Schumann resonance?...
Schumann resonance is a global level important discovery related to fundamental natural frequency of
Earth planet. Case study shows that the fundamental Schumann resonance occurs at 7.83Hz with harmonics at
14, 20, 26, 33, 39 and 45Hz. Recent researches of Schumann resonance came out with surprising data that the
fundamental frequency is shifted from 7.83Hz to 11-12Hz by 2012 and it may going to be 13Hz and terming
the condition as “ZERO POINT” of Earth planet.
It is hypothesized that the Schumann resonance shall be closely associated with universal mathematical
constant i, e, π which shall considerably effects the natural frequency of Earth planet as well as fundamental
standard heart beat level of human.
9. THE MUSIC RAIN?... (A New theory on “ J-Music”)
III. CONCLUSION
It is focused that the philosophy of 1st musical alphabet on the Earth planet might be derived from
“KACHCHA THEEVU” (Origin of first land mass on the earth). The Kachcha theevu populations might have
called their mother as Thai-eeee… Amoooo… (Ezhem Thamil)
It is further focused that the earliest instrument might have been used by Kachcha Theevu population
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around 200 million years.
(i) Thalattu Thalam (Ariro…Aroararo…)
(ii) Kulavai Thalam (Lululu…Lululu…)
(iii) Kai Thalam (Thada…Thada…)
(iv) Kilithattu Thalam (eeeya…muthupethi…)
(v) Sadukudu Thalam (toto…toto…)
(vi) Cow Thalam (trio…trio…)
(vii) Oppari Thalam (ohhh…ohhh…)
The Philosophy of oldest flute might be derived from the philosophy of Kachcha music.
10. THE MUSIC RAIN?... (A New theory on “ J-Music”)
IV. PREVIOUS PUBLICATION
The philosophy of origin of first life and human, the philosophy of model Cosmo Universe, the
philosophy of fundamental neutrino particles have already been published in various international journals
mentioned below. Hence this article shall be considered as extended version of the previous articles already
published by the same author.
[1] Cosmo Super Star – IJSRP, April issue, 2013
[2] Super Scientist of Climate control – IJSER, May issue, 2013
[3] AKKIE MARS CODE – IJSER, June issue, 2013
[4] KARITHIRI (Dark flame) The Centromere of Cosmo Universe – IJIRD, May issue, 2013
[5] MA-AYYAN of MARS – IJIRD, June issue, 2013
[6] MARS TRIBE – IJSER, June issue, 2013
[7] MARS MATHEMATICS – IJERD, June issue, 2013
[8] MARS (EZHEM) The mother of All Planets – IJSER, June issue, 2013
[9] The Mystery of Crop Circle – IJOART, May issue, 2013
[10] Origin of First Language – IJIRD, June issue, 2013
[11] MARS TRISOMY HUMAN – IJOART, June issue, 2013
[12] MARS ANGEL – IJSTR, June issue, 2013
[13] Three principles of Akkie Management (AJIBM, August issue, 2013)
[14] Prehistoric Triphthong Alphabet (IJIRD, July issue, 2013)
[15] Prehistoric Akkie Music (IJST, July issue, 2013)
[16] Barack Obama is Tamil Based Indian? (IJSER, August issue, 2013)
[17] Philosophy of MARS Radiation (IJSER, August 2013)
[18] Etymology of word “J” (IJSER, September 2013)
[19] NOAH is Dravidian? (IJOART, August 2013)
[20] Philosophy of Dark Cell (Soul)? (IJSER, September 2013)
[21] Darwin Sir is Wrong?! (IJSER, October issue, 2013)
[22] Prehistoric Pyramids are RF Antenna?!... (IJSER, October issue, 2013)
[23] HUMAN IS A ROAM FREE CELL PHONE?!... (IJIRD, September issue, 2013)
[24] NEUTRINOS EXIST IN EARTH ATMOSPHERE?!... (IJERD, October issue, 2013)
[25] EARLY UNIVERSE WAS HIGHLY FROZEN?!... (IJOART, October issue, 2013)
[26] UNIVERSE IS LIKE SPACE SHIP?!... (AJER, October issue, 2013)
[27] ANCIENT EGYPT IS DRAVIDA NAD?!... (IJSER, November issue, 2013)
[28] ROSETTA STONE IS PREHISTORIC “THAMEE STONE” ?!... (IJSER, November issue, 2013)
[29] The Supernatural “CNO” HUMAN?... (IJOART, December issue, 2013)
[30] 3G HUMAN ANCESTOR?... (AJER, December issue, 2013)
[31] 3G Evolution?... (IJIRD, December issue, 2013)
[32] God Created Human?... (IJERD, December issue, 2013)
[33] Prehistoric “J” – Element?... (IJSER, January issue, 2014)
[34] 3G Mobile phone Induces Cancer?... (IJERD, December issue, 2013)
[35] “J” Shall Mean “JOULE”?... (IRJES, December issue, 2013)
[36] “J”- HOUSE IS A HEAVEN?... (IJIRD, January issue, 2014)
[37] The Supersonic JET FLIGHT-2014?... (IJSER, January issue, 2014)
[38] “J”-RADIATION IS MOTHER OF HYDROGEN?... (AJER, January issue, 2014)
[39] PEACE BEGINS WITH “J”?... (IJERD, January issue, 2014)
[40] THE VIRGIN LIGHT?... (IJCRAR, January issue 2014)
[41] THE VEILED MOTHER?... (IJERD, January issue 2014)
[42] GOD HAS NO LUNGS?... (IJERD, February issue 2014)
[43] Matters are made of Light or Atom?!... (IJERD, February issue 2014)
[44] THE NUCLEAR “MUKKULAM”?... (IJSER, February issue 2014)
[45] WHITE REVOLUTION 2014-15?... (IJERD, February issue 2014)
[46] STAR TWINKLES!?... (IJERD, March issue 2014)
[47] “E-LANKA” THE TAMIL CONTINENT?... (IJERD, March issue 2014)
[48] HELLO NAMESTE?... (IJSER, March issue 2014)
[49] MOTHERHOOD MEANS DELIVERING CHILD?... (AJER, March issue 2014)
[50] E–ACHI, IAS?... (AJER, March issue 2014)
[51] THE ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE?... (AJER, April issue 2014)
[52] GANJA IS ILLEGAL PLANT?... (IJERD, April issue 2014)
[53] THE ENDOS?... (IJERD, April issue 2014)
[54] THE “TRI-TRONIC” UNIVERSE?... (AJER, May issue 2014)
31
11. THE MUSIC RAIN?... (A New theory on “ J-Music”)
[55] Varied Plasma Level have impact on “GENETIC VALUE”?... (AJER, May issue 2014)
[56] JALLIKATTU IS DRAVIDIAN VETERAN SPORT?... (AJER, May issue 2014)
[57] Human Equivalent of Cosmo?... (IJSER, May issue 2014)
[58] THAI-e ETHIA!... (AJER, May issue 2014)
[59] THE PHILOSOPHY OF “DALIT”?... (AJER, June issue 2014)
[60] THE IMPACT OF HIGHER QUALIFICATION?... (AJER, June issue 2014)
[61] THE CRYSTAL UNIVERSE?... (AJER July 2014 issue)
[62] THE GLOBAL POLITICS?... (AJER July 2014 issue)
[63] THE KACHCHA THEEVU?... (AJER July 2014 issue)
[64] THE RADIANT MANAGER?... (AJER July 2014 issue)
[65] THE UNIVERSAL LAMP?... (AJER July 2014 issue)
REFERENCE
[1]. Intensive Internet “e-book” study through, Google search and wikipedia
[2]. M.Arulmani, “3G Akkanna Man”, Annai Publications, Cholapuram, 2011
[3]. M. Arulmani; V.R. Hemalatha, “Tamil the Law of Universe”, Annai Publications, Cholapuram, 2012
[4]. Harold Koontz, Heinz Weihriah, “Essentials of management”, Tata McGraw-Hill publications, 2005
[5]. M. Arulmani; V.R. Hemalatha, “First Music and First Music Alphabet”, Annai Publications,
32
Cholapuram, 2012
[6]. King James Version, “Holy Bible”
[7]. S.A. Perumal, “Human Evolution History”
[8]. “English Dictionary”, Oxford Publications
[9]. Sho. Devaneyapavanar, “Tamil first mother language”, Chennai, 2009
[10]. Tamilannal, “Tholkoppiar”, Chennai, 2007
[11]. “Tamil to English Dictionary”, Suravin Publication, 2009
[12]. “Text Material for E5 to E6 upgradaton”, BSNL Publication, 2012
[13]. A. Nakkiran, “Dravidian mother”, Chennai, 2007
[14]. Dr. M. Karunanidhi, “Thirukkural Translation”, 2010
[15]. “Manorama Tell me why periodicals”, M.M. Publication Ltd., Kottayam, 2009
[16]. V.R. Hemalatha, “A Global level peace tourism to Veilankanni”, Annai Publications, Cholapuram,
2007
[17]. Prof. Ganapathi Pillai, “Sri Lankan Tamil History”, 2004
[18]. Dr. K.K. Pillai, “South Indian History”, 2006
[19]. M. Varadharajan, “Language History”, Chennai, 2009
[20]. Fr. Y.S. Yagoo, “Western Sun”, 2008
[21]. Gopal Chettiar, “Adi Dravidian Origin History”, 2004
[22]. M. Arulmani; V.R. Hemalatha, “Ezhem Nadu My Dream” - (2 Parts), Annai Publications, Cholapuram,
2010
[23]. M. Arulmani; V.R. Hemalatha, “The Super Scientist of Climate Control”, Annai Publications,
Cholapuram, 2013, pp 1-3
M.Arulmani,B.E.(Engineer) V.R.Hema Latha,M.A.,M.Sc.,M.Phil.(Biologist)
m.arulmani58@gmail.com vrhemalatha58@gmail.com