In this PPT, students who study English for Specific Purposes in the Computer Science Track will be able to identify different threats to Cybersecurity, such as pharming, phishing, and spoofing.

1. UNIT 1
WHAT IS CYBERSECURITY?
PART2
DR MONTASSER MAHOUD

2. BREACH MEANING
• Breach noun [ C ]
• an act of breaking a law, promise, agreement, or relationship:
• breach of They felt that our discussions with other companies constituted a breach of our
agreement.
• breach of contract He was sued for breach of contract.
• security breach There have been ten serious security breaches (= breaks in the security system
) at the airport already this year.
(a) breach of the peace LAW specialized
• (an example of) illegal noisy or violent behaviour in a public place:
• Ten percent of this group were in persistent trouble for minor breaches of the peace.

3. ENTERPRISE MEANING
• an organization, especially a business, or a difficult and important plan,
especially one that will earn money:
• commercial enterprise
• Don't forget this is a commercial enterprise - we're here to make money.
• private enterprise
• Those were the years of private enterprise (= businesses being run privately, rather than by the
government), when lots of small businesses were started.
• Her latest enterprise (= plan) is to climb Mount Everest.
• It is a government-sponsored enterprise.

4. FRAUD MEANING
• [ C ]someone who deceives people by saying that they are someone or
something that they are not: She was a psychic who was later revealed to be a fraud.
• [ C or U ]the crime of getting money by deceiving people:
• credit card fraud They spent ten years in jail for fraud.
Convicted of tax fraud, he was sentenced to two years in prison.
credit card/tax fraud He was charged for federal tax fraud.
• bank/accounting fraud She pleaded guilty to conspiracy and bank fraud.
• engage in/commit/perpetrate fraud It is said that they knowingly helped corporate
executives commit fraud.
• a fraud investigation/case/trial

5. HACK MEANING
1) hack verb (CUT)
• [ I or T, + adv/prep ]to cut into pieces in a rough and violent way, often without aiming exactly:
• be hacked to death Three villagers were hacked to death in a savage attack.
• hack something off The butcher hacked off a large chunk of meat.
• be hacked about UK figurative The article had been hacked about (= carelessly changed) so much that it was scarcely recognizable.
hack verb (INFORMATION)
2) [ I or T ]to get into someone else's computer system without permission in order to find out information or do something
illegal:
• hack a computer: Computer hacking has become widespread over the last decade.
• hack into A programmer had managed to hack into some top-secret government data.
• He claimed they had spied on him and tried to hack his computer.
3) to use someone else's phone system without permission, especially to listen to their spoken messages:
• Police told the actor that his phone had been hacked.

6. TROJAN HORSE MEANING
• literarya person or thing that joins and deceives a group or organization in
order to attack it from the inside:
• Older supporters have accused the new leadership of being aTrojan horse that will try to
destroy the party from the inside.
• (also Trojan)a computer program that has been deliberately designed to
destroy information, or allow someone to steal it:
• It's easier than you think to inadvertently download a malicious Trojan horse

7. WHY IS IT CALLEDTROJAN HORSEVIRUS?
• In computing, a Trojan horse is any malware that misleads users of its true intent by
disguising itself as a standard program.The term is derived from the ancient Greek story
of the deceptiveTrojan Horse that led to the fall of the city ofTroy.
The term Trojan horse stems from Greek mythology.According to legend, the Greeks
built a large wooden horse that the people of Troy pulled into the city. During the night,
soldiers who had been hiding inside the horse emerged, opened the city's gates to let
their fellow soldiers in and overran the city.

8. PHARMING MEANING
• Pharming noun [uncountable]
• Pharming: the process of changing the genes of an animal or a plant so that it produces
large quantities of a substance, especially for use in medicine
• Cows and sheep used in pharming
• Pharming (technology)
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the practice of secretly changing computer files or software so that visitors to a popular
website are sent to a different website instead, without their knowledge, where their
personal details are stolen and used to steal money from them

9. PHISING MEANING
• Phishing noun [ U ]
• an attempt to trick someone into giving information over the internet or by email that
would allow someone else to take money from them, for example by taking money out
of their bank account
-Phishing emails may contain links to websites that are infected with malware.
-Smartphones are also victims of classic piracy related to the web: phishing, malicious
websites, etc.

10. PHARMING AND PHISHING
• Phishing involves sending deceptive communication, like emails or messages, to trick
individuals into revealing sensitive data. Pharming is a more advanced method that
manipulates DNS records, redirecting users to fake websites without their knowledge.

11. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PHARMING AND
PHISHING?

12. SPOOF MEANING
• noun [ C ] a funny and silly piece of writing, music, theatre, etc. that copies
the style of an original work:
• They did a spoof on/of the Nine O'Clock News.
• It was a spoof cowboy film.
verb [ I or T ] US informal
to try to make someone believe in something that is not true, as a joke
Note that only the title is spoofed, not the storyline.