Issues with respect to the proper ownership and jurisdiction of information contained on the internet have set the stage for an ongoing legal debate over Cyber-Law and its impact on Cyber-Crime.
Enhanced Global Cyber-Security and proposed governing regulations are not a luxury, but a necessity, for today’s business and government entities which operate in real time environments.
Cybercrime is a digital crime committed to reaping profits through the Internet as a medium. Any criminal activity that occurs in the digital world or through the internet network is referred to as internet crime. Cybercrime also refers to criminal activity on computers and computer networks. This activity can be done in a certain location or even done between countries. These crimes include credit card forgery, confidence fraud, the dissemination of personal information, pornography, and so on. In ancient times there was no strong law to combat cybercrime. Since there are electronic information laws and transactions, legal jurisdiction of computer crime has been applied. Computer networks are not only installed in one particular local area but can be applied to a worldwide network. It is what makes cybercrime can occur between countries freely. This issue requires universal jurisdiction. A country has the authority to combat crimes that threaten the international community. This jurisdiction is applied without determining where the crime was committed and the citizen who committed the cybercrime. This jurisdiction is created in the absence of an international judicial body specifically to try individual crimes. Cybercrime cannot be totally eradicated. Implementing international jurisdiction at least reduces the number of cybercrimes in the world.
Cybersecurity Context in African Continent - Way ForwardGokul Alex
The slides from the presentation session by Gokul Alex on the Enigmatic Economy of Cyber Crimes and Cyber Attacks across the globe with the specific focus on African Continent ravaging countries such as South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya, etc. Cybersecurity issues are looming large and assuming larger significance in the post pandemic political economies. This presentation was delivered to the TAFFD Virtual Conference on Cybersecurity in July 2020 together with Red Team Hacker Academy and BeyondIdentity.
Cybercrime is a digital crime committed to reaping profits through the Internet as a medium. Any criminal activity that occurs in the digital world or through the internet network is referred to as internet crime. Cybercrime also refers to criminal activity on computers and computer networks. This activity can be done in a certain location or even done between countries. These crimes include credit card forgery, confidence fraud, the dissemination of personal information, pornography, and so on. In ancient times there was no strong law to combat cybercrime. Since there are electronic information laws and transactions, legal jurisdiction of computer crime has been applied. Computer networks are not only installed in one particular local area but can be applied to a worldwide network. It is what makes cybercrime can occur between countries freely. This issue requires universal jurisdiction. A country has the authority to combat crimes that threaten the international community. This jurisdiction is applied without determining where the crime was committed and the citizen who committed the cybercrime. This jurisdiction is created in the absence of an international judicial body specifically to try individual crimes. Cybercrime cannot be totally eradicated. Implementing international jurisdiction at least reduces the number of cybercrimes in the world.
Cybersecurity Context in African Continent - Way ForwardGokul Alex
The slides from the presentation session by Gokul Alex on the Enigmatic Economy of Cyber Crimes and Cyber Attacks across the globe with the specific focus on African Continent ravaging countries such as South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya, etc. Cybersecurity issues are looming large and assuming larger significance in the post pandemic political economies. This presentation was delivered to the TAFFD Virtual Conference on Cybersecurity in July 2020 together with Red Team Hacker Academy and BeyondIdentity.
An Exploratory Study on Mechanisms in Place to Combat Hacking In South Africa...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: In the past two decades, third world countries such as South Africa have made steadily developments towards combating hacking as a form of Cybercrime. The developments made by the South African Criminal Justice towards the prevention of hacking have been mildly progressive. The Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime is the treaty that all South African legislation and policy with regard to hacking is required to be in line with this convention. This treaty has also been the cornerstone to first world countries such as the United States, when preventing cybercrime such as hacking. In order for South Africans to have a safe and secure cyberspace that is free from hackers; there needs to be a co-operative system put in place by the South African Criminal Justice System that involves the government, non-profit organizations and the community. A Criminal Justice system that works closely with the community is able to properly guide its members and correctly prosecute the crime of hacking. Therefore, using qualitative secondary data this paper explores the existing measures put in place by the South African Criminal Justice to combat hacking. The findings of this paper indicate that conceptual understanding of this crime (hacking) can play a pivotal role in addressing the manifestation of this crime in a large extent as the nature and extent can be established, the use of technological means also contribute to hacking, this is also linked to individuals (victims) ignorance. For recommendations, the use of technology and conventional method in awareness can help in responding to the scale and consequence of hacking in South Africa.
Legal deficiency of cybercrime in nigeria need for urgent legal reform (cha...Gamaliel Olayiwola Fasuyi
This Study focuses on the legal framework prohibiting Cybercrimes in Nigeria. Cybercrime
involves using computers and internet by individuals to commit crime. The people across the globe are technologically transformed to the extent that life
depends on technology. The application of ICT covers every facet of human life and that has led
to the birth of unanticipated rates of crimes coming in a borderless form. The paper examines the
types of cybercrimes prevalent in Nigeria, international conventions approach and other
jurisdictional practices with a view to abreast the application of legal framework of cybercrimes
both in the Nigerian context and international community.
The findings of the paper are that the Nigerian legislations on the subject acknowledge
the existing challenges and are on the right track, but need to be strengthened to achieve the desired
purpose. It further observed that there is no unanimous definition of the concept in all jurisdictions
which add issue to the subject in terms of challenges. The study recommends that the recently signed Nigerian Cybercrimes (Prohibition & Prevention Act) 2015 should be actively enforced
with a view to bringing our legal framework on par with other jurisdictions as well as proffering
other reforms to enhance Cybersecurity in Nigeria.
Digital technology has transformed organizational life. Developments in communications, and in information storage and retrieval, to name just two areas, have greatly enhanced the efficiency with which legitimate organizations operate. Unfortunately, the benefits of digital technology are not lost on criminal organizations, which exploit digital technology to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of their own operations. This paper will discuss the organized criminal exploitation of digital technology, by looking at a number of illustrative cases from Asia and around the world. It will discuss the various types of “conventional†organized crime that can be facilitated by digital technology, as well as terrorism, which itself can be regarded as a special kind of organized criminal activity. One fundamental question that the paper will seek to address is whether the activities of Asian organized crime have become substantively different as a result of technology, or whether traditional organized criminal activities in Asia are merely being conducted on a more efficient and effective basis. The paper will note the transnational nature of much organized criminal activity, and will discuss mechanisms for the control of organized crime in the digital age. Dr. S. Krishnan | Mr Harsh Pratap | Ms Sakshi Gupta "Organised Crime in the Digital Age" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41185.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comcomputer-science/computer-security/41185/organised-crime-in-the-digital-age/dr-s-krishnan
Looking Ahead Why 2019 Will Be The year of CyberwarfareSecuricon
One year away from the third decade of the 21st century and technology has finally caught up with science fiction. In 2019, we’re going to hear more news about driverless cars, revolutions in artificial intelligence and commercial applications for drones. One thing is for sure: it’s an exciting time to be alive.
Where next for the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act?blogzilla
Talk at Open Tech 2015 on legal reform of UK interception and surveillance laws, including a comparison of the Intelligence and Security Committee and David Anderson reports.
Digital security law security of individual or governmentM S Siddiqui
The subject again seems complicated further complicate as cyber security is often conflated with cybercrime, or confused with related but distinct concepts such as cyber-resilience, cyber-warfare and cyber-defense. However, it is taken to mean the protection of digital information systems against attack, either by states or individual hackers.
The proposed law apparently drafted to protect the national interest from possible acts of citizens. It has mixed up the security of individual and nation.
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE EXISTING LEGAL FRAMEWORK GOVERNING CYBER-CRIMES IN SRI L...Vishni Ganepola
In compliance with the Budapest Convention, the CCA has recognised almost all the cyber-crime offences that are provided in the convention. Mere fact that the legal system recognises certain cyber-offences or that it provides a special mechanism to conduct investigations does not render the legislative framework effective. For the legislative framework to be considered effective, it should be capable of achieving the objective for which it was established. Accordingly, the effectiveness of the contemporary legislative framework shall be assessed based on its success in identifying and preventing cyber-crimes, conducting investigations, enforcing the enacted laws and in protecting human rights and liberties which are the objectives behind the enforcement of the cyber-crime legislative framework.
To understand the significance of the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, we must consider its history, the use, scope, and function of the Internet at the time of the Act’s inception, and the recurring nature which Congress amended the Act in order to keep up with the advancements of computer and computer-based communications.
We must also consider the evolution of precedence over the course of its history with respect to charges under the Act.
Further, we must address the root cause of the contentious nature of this Act as written, and look to other industry models which can assist in amending the Act according to contemporary use of computers, and the modern Internet.
Wikileaks, Hactivism, and Government: An Information WarThomas Jones
Given the exhaustive plethora of information regarding Wikileaks, Anonymous, and the U.S. Government, this is a comparatively superficial overview of the impact of Information Warfare on the Internet and our rights.
My apologies for the somewhat informal research aesthetic.
An Exploratory Study on Mechanisms in Place to Combat Hacking In South Africa...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: In the past two decades, third world countries such as South Africa have made steadily developments towards combating hacking as a form of Cybercrime. The developments made by the South African Criminal Justice towards the prevention of hacking have been mildly progressive. The Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime is the treaty that all South African legislation and policy with regard to hacking is required to be in line with this convention. This treaty has also been the cornerstone to first world countries such as the United States, when preventing cybercrime such as hacking. In order for South Africans to have a safe and secure cyberspace that is free from hackers; there needs to be a co-operative system put in place by the South African Criminal Justice System that involves the government, non-profit organizations and the community. A Criminal Justice system that works closely with the community is able to properly guide its members and correctly prosecute the crime of hacking. Therefore, using qualitative secondary data this paper explores the existing measures put in place by the South African Criminal Justice to combat hacking. The findings of this paper indicate that conceptual understanding of this crime (hacking) can play a pivotal role in addressing the manifestation of this crime in a large extent as the nature and extent can be established, the use of technological means also contribute to hacking, this is also linked to individuals (victims) ignorance. For recommendations, the use of technology and conventional method in awareness can help in responding to the scale and consequence of hacking in South Africa.
Legal deficiency of cybercrime in nigeria need for urgent legal reform (cha...Gamaliel Olayiwola Fasuyi
This Study focuses on the legal framework prohibiting Cybercrimes in Nigeria. Cybercrime
involves using computers and internet by individuals to commit crime. The people across the globe are technologically transformed to the extent that life
depends on technology. The application of ICT covers every facet of human life and that has led
to the birth of unanticipated rates of crimes coming in a borderless form. The paper examines the
types of cybercrimes prevalent in Nigeria, international conventions approach and other
jurisdictional practices with a view to abreast the application of legal framework of cybercrimes
both in the Nigerian context and international community.
The findings of the paper are that the Nigerian legislations on the subject acknowledge
the existing challenges and are on the right track, but need to be strengthened to achieve the desired
purpose. It further observed that there is no unanimous definition of the concept in all jurisdictions
which add issue to the subject in terms of challenges. The study recommends that the recently signed Nigerian Cybercrimes (Prohibition & Prevention Act) 2015 should be actively enforced
with a view to bringing our legal framework on par with other jurisdictions as well as proffering
other reforms to enhance Cybersecurity in Nigeria.
Digital technology has transformed organizational life. Developments in communications, and in information storage and retrieval, to name just two areas, have greatly enhanced the efficiency with which legitimate organizations operate. Unfortunately, the benefits of digital technology are not lost on criminal organizations, which exploit digital technology to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of their own operations. This paper will discuss the organized criminal exploitation of digital technology, by looking at a number of illustrative cases from Asia and around the world. It will discuss the various types of “conventional†organized crime that can be facilitated by digital technology, as well as terrorism, which itself can be regarded as a special kind of organized criminal activity. One fundamental question that the paper will seek to address is whether the activities of Asian organized crime have become substantively different as a result of technology, or whether traditional organized criminal activities in Asia are merely being conducted on a more efficient and effective basis. The paper will note the transnational nature of much organized criminal activity, and will discuss mechanisms for the control of organized crime in the digital age. Dr. S. Krishnan | Mr Harsh Pratap | Ms Sakshi Gupta "Organised Crime in the Digital Age" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41185.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comcomputer-science/computer-security/41185/organised-crime-in-the-digital-age/dr-s-krishnan
Looking Ahead Why 2019 Will Be The year of CyberwarfareSecuricon
One year away from the third decade of the 21st century and technology has finally caught up with science fiction. In 2019, we’re going to hear more news about driverless cars, revolutions in artificial intelligence and commercial applications for drones. One thing is for sure: it’s an exciting time to be alive.
Where next for the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act?blogzilla
Talk at Open Tech 2015 on legal reform of UK interception and surveillance laws, including a comparison of the Intelligence and Security Committee and David Anderson reports.
Digital security law security of individual or governmentM S Siddiqui
The subject again seems complicated further complicate as cyber security is often conflated with cybercrime, or confused with related but distinct concepts such as cyber-resilience, cyber-warfare and cyber-defense. However, it is taken to mean the protection of digital information systems against attack, either by states or individual hackers.
The proposed law apparently drafted to protect the national interest from possible acts of citizens. It has mixed up the security of individual and nation.
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE EXISTING LEGAL FRAMEWORK GOVERNING CYBER-CRIMES IN SRI L...Vishni Ganepola
In compliance with the Budapest Convention, the CCA has recognised almost all the cyber-crime offences that are provided in the convention. Mere fact that the legal system recognises certain cyber-offences or that it provides a special mechanism to conduct investigations does not render the legislative framework effective. For the legislative framework to be considered effective, it should be capable of achieving the objective for which it was established. Accordingly, the effectiveness of the contemporary legislative framework shall be assessed based on its success in identifying and preventing cyber-crimes, conducting investigations, enforcing the enacted laws and in protecting human rights and liberties which are the objectives behind the enforcement of the cyber-crime legislative framework.
To understand the significance of the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, we must consider its history, the use, scope, and function of the Internet at the time of the Act’s inception, and the recurring nature which Congress amended the Act in order to keep up with the advancements of computer and computer-based communications.
We must also consider the evolution of precedence over the course of its history with respect to charges under the Act.
Further, we must address the root cause of the contentious nature of this Act as written, and look to other industry models which can assist in amending the Act according to contemporary use of computers, and the modern Internet.
Wikileaks, Hactivism, and Government: An Information WarThomas Jones
Given the exhaustive plethora of information regarding Wikileaks, Anonymous, and the U.S. Government, this is a comparatively superficial overview of the impact of Information Warfare on the Internet and our rights.
My apologies for the somewhat informal research aesthetic.
An Introduction to Cyber Law - I.T. Act 2000 (India)Chetan Bharadwaj
An Introduction to Cyber Law - Chetan Bharadwaj
The modern thief can steal more with a computer than with a gun. Tomorrow's terrorist may be able to do more damage with a keyboard than with a bomb.
I need a to respond #2 below- with at least 150 words and include ci.docxursabrooks36447
I need a to respond #2 below- with at least 150 words and include cited information from anywhere your information used was related information to support your response.
Orginial Question
Give an example of major global crimes. How do these crimes and other criminal issues impact global criminal justice systems? How can we improve the overall effectiveness of strategies employed to combat these global crimes and criminal issues? Explain
The response #2
When I think of global crime issues, today my mind goes straight to cyber crime. Caber crime is something that we as a nation are falling victim to much to often. This is not to be limited to local crimes but all throughout big government and even issues of homeland security. Much of my pursuit for career in law enforcement will focus on this area and this is why I address it.
Caber crime is defined as any criminal acts able to be carried out through use of technological advances within the internet.
Some of the more disturbing issues with cybernetic is other countries that we are not allied with, having the power to take data from the source of safety from the American people. Of course this does not categorize cybernetic as only foreign, though foreign can be some of the most illusive and dangerous. There has been a rise of this same form of criminal activity domestically as well. Cybercrime is well understood as a range of illegal activities that share commission through electronic information and communications to carry out their illegal tasks within their networks, as explained by Maquire, M., & Okada, D. (2011). The issue is that many criminologists work so hard to define the issue of cybernetic they have forgotten to research how to deter and stop it. This naturally rises the issue of jurisdiction. "Wilson and Corey (2000) conceptualize electronic space by three distinctions: (1) the physical infrastructure, such as servers, switches, routers, and cables; (2) virtual disparities, or the power relations derived from the digital divide between those who have greater access to the Internet and those who do not; (3) the demarcation of interaction of places, such as online communities that have informal regulations for interactions and restrictions for membership." This only seems to cause more issues of boundary to fix a growing issue. Many criminologists and legal scholars have investigated the fit of law enforcement against cybernetic. This makes it impossible for any, one jurisdiction, to address cybernetic acts due to the nature of where the crime was committed. This is why a collective of governmental officials will be the very best chance at fighting such criminal activity along with new ways to arm the people in their day to day lives.
Maquire, M., & Okada, D. (2011). Critical issues in crime and justice: Thought, policy, and
practice. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
.
CYBER-SECURITY TACTICS IN MITIGATING CYBERCRIMES: A REVIEW AND PROPOSALijcisjournal
This article underscores the urgent need for a global response to cyber threats, discusses the risks
associated with increasing reliance on technology, and sets the stage for a review focused on understanding and mitigating cybercrimes. In summary, the passage discusses the internet's impact on
national development and the growing problem of cybercrime. It calls for a deeper understanding of the
characteristics and motivations of cybercriminals and highlights several questions that need to be
addressed to effectively combat cybercrime and its detrimental effects on society. The classification of cybercrime is summarized into five categories: Cybercrimes against Persons (including cyber
pornography, cyber stalking, financial cybercrimes, phishing, and vishing), Cybercrimes against Property(involving intellectual property violations, data theft, and "Man in the Middle" attacks), Cybercrimes against Government, Denial of Service (DOS) Attacks, and Other Cybercrimes (comprising data diddling,salami attacks, email bombing, email spoofing, logic bombs, internet time theft, and mobile and wireless technology-related cybercrimes).
How Safe is Governmental Infrastructure: A Cyber Extortion and Increasing Ransomware Attacks Perspective (pp. 79-82)
Sulaiman Al Amro, Computer Science Department, Computer College, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
Vol. 18 No. 6 JUNE 2020 International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security
https://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/vol-18-no-6-jun-2020
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A "File Trademark" is a legal term referring to the registration of a unique symbol, logo, or name used to identify and distinguish products or services. This process provides legal protection, granting exclusive rights to the trademark owner, and helps prevent unauthorized use by competitors.
Visit Now: https://www.tumblr.com/trademark-quick/751620857551634432/ensure-legal-protection-file-your-trademark-with?source=share
DNA Testing in Civil and Criminal Matters.pptxpatrons legal
Get insights into DNA testing and its application in civil and criminal matters. Find out how it contributes to fair and accurate legal proceedings. For more information: https://www.patronslegal.com/criminal-litigation.html
Military Commissions details LtCol Thomas Jasper as Detailed Defense CounselThomas (Tom) Jasper
Military Commissions Trial Judiciary, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Notice of the Chief Defense Counsel's detailing of LtCol Thomas F. Jasper, Jr. USMC, as Detailed Defense Counsel for Abd Al Hadi Al-Iraqi on 6 August 2014 in the case of United States v. Hadi al Iraqi (10026)
NATURE, ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW.pptxanvithaav
These slides helps the student of international law to understand what is the nature of international law? and how international law was originated and developed?.
The slides was well structured along with the highlighted points for better understanding .
ASHWINI KUMAR UPADHYAY v/s Union of India.pptxshweeta209
transfer of the P.I.L filed by lawyer Ashwini Kumar Upadhyay in Delhi High Court to Supreme Court.
on the issue of UNIFORM MARRIAGE AGE of men and women.
How to Obtain Permanent Residency in the NetherlandsBridgeWest.eu
You can rely on our assistance if you are ready to apply for permanent residency. Find out more at: https://immigration-netherlands.com/obtain-a-permanent-residence-permit-in-the-netherlands/.
Responsibilities of the office bearers while registering multi-state cooperat...Finlaw Consultancy Pvt Ltd
Introduction-
The process of register multi-state cooperative society in India is governed by the Multi-State Co-operative Societies Act, 2002. This process requires the office bearers to undertake several crucial responsibilities to ensure compliance with legal and regulatory frameworks. The key office bearers typically include the President, Secretary, and Treasurer, along with other elected members of the managing committee. Their responsibilities encompass administrative, legal, and financial duties essential for the successful registration and operation of the society.
Agrarian Reform Policies in the Philippines: a quiz
Cyber law and cyber-crime
1. GLOBAL RESILIENCY……….
CYBER-LAW AND ITS IMPACT ON CYBER-CRIME
RUSSELL K. DUTCHER, III
CDPS, CBRM, CORM
Business Resilience Consultant
DeDuytser - Advanced Business Continuity Solutions LLC
abcsllc@live.com
http://www.linkedin.com/pub/russ-dutcher/20/5a5/521/
ABSTRACT -
Issues with respect to the proper ownership and
jurisdiction of information contained on the internet
have set the stage for an ongoing legal debate over
Cyber-Law and its impact on Cyber-Crime.
Enhanced Global Cyber-Security and proposed
governing regulations are not a luxury, but a
necessity, for today’s business and government
entities which operate in real time environments. An
amazing amount of information flows through
cyberspace at speeds never before imagined, with
hundreds of millions of various types of transactions
executed and communications received immediately
after they are initiated by senders across the world.
Cyber-Law is a new concept which encompasses a
variety of legal issues related to use of
communicative, transactional, and distributive
aspects of networked information devices and
technologies the Internet. Actually, this field is so
new, that it is more a form of regulation and
compliance than that of an actual set of laws. Many
of the leading discussion topics include intellectual
property, freedom of expression, jurisdiction, E-
commerce, business ethics and individual privacy.
This paper will address the implementation of Cyber-
Law and the impact it has on Cyber-Crime across an
international community.
One of the major obstacles inherent in Cyber-Law is
whether to perceive the Internet as a physical location
with defined boundaries (such as in the case of any
public or private sector entity) or to treat it as if it
were an island unto itself and therefore free of
regulatory jurisdiction. Many in the field of
information and cyber technology feel that it is better
to treat the internet as a separate self regulated
community. Their contention is that increased
governmental regulations from the outside will
distort and paralyze the true example of “Cyber-
expression.” Their assumption is that an individual
should have the right to freely create and disseminate
information throughout the internet without fear of
reprisal or intrusion.
Proponents of a more coordinated approach, stress
that there should be a compromise between the free
expression of individual ideas and the importance of
specific information. Data contained in a single
transaction could be covered by various wide ranging
sets of regulations and thereby set the stage for
excessive legal debates. Within the realm of self
expression and regulatory compliance, lies the
constant threat of cyber crime, for which there is little
or no global governance, standardization and
compliance regarding the cyber-abyss which we call
the internet.
INTRODUCTION -
Cyber crimes are those harmful acts committed from
or against a computer or network and differ from
most standard criminal acts. Cyber crimes are
relatively easy to commit since they generally require
few resources, but have the potential to cause
grievous damage to a system or network.
Additionally, they can be committed in an otherwise
“non-jurisdictional” fashion, whereby the
perpetrators do not need to be physically present to
initiate the illegal act.
2. Examples of this would be the legality of
informational websites from one country to another,
as well as multiple telecommunications providers.
Many of these so called “informational sites” are
nothing more than filters whereby business or
personal information is collected and then utilized by
the host entity without the subscriber’s knowledge.
Due to the lack of a uniform and structured
jurisdictional code, individuals within the legal
community are left to continue to grapple with the
issue of ownership, compliance and accountability.
The anonymity equated with cyberspace has allowed
this new generation of “cyber-criminal” to realign
and re-direct information from one location to
another while utilizing fabricated VPN addresses.
These supposed secure addresses are utilized by an
individual or group to extract both personal and
financial information from unsuspecting clients.
Any unscrupulous person with an internet connection
has the potential to become an “internet predator”
with the capability to reach an audience of millions
with little-to-no effort.
According to a 2009 study conducted by McAfee, It
is estimated that this form of data theft costs global
businesses as much as $1trillion dollars annually due
to security breaches in their IT infrastructure. The
backbone must be continually be repaired and
upgraded to combat the constant attacks upon each
individual network.
The information contained in the report, entitled
“Unsecured Economies: Protecting Vital
Information”, is based on a survey of more than 800
chief information officers based in the United States,
UK, Germany, Japan, China, India, Brazil and Dubai.
Those responding to the survey estimated that
globally they sustained $4.6 billion in losses due to
the pilfering of data from their network and spent
another $600 million in strengthening their IT
infrastructure. The report contained an alarming
contrast and noted that newly emerging countries are
spending substantial amounts of money on upgrading
and protecting their financial and intellectual
resources than their Western business counterparts.
Countries such as China, Australia, Singapore, Iran,
Saudi Arabia, and Tunisia, have drawn a line in the
sand by incorporating a filtering system which strains
unwanted information from the internet. This in one
regard restricts access to certain forms of
information, yet provides an additional layer of
protection from predatory attacks.
This tightening of access to certain types of
information brings to light new questions of state
sponsored censorship, but, provides enhanced
security against continued cyber attacks. But, without
a set of standardized rules and regulations regarding
cyber based data transfers, the continued potential for
cyber-security threats continues to grow which can
further impact the ability of individual security
managers and IT professionals to effectively battle
against cyber-criminals whose sole purpose is to
destroy the global economy.
On March 23, 2010, U.S. Senators Kirsten Gillibrand
(D-NY) and Orrin Hatch (R-UT) introduced the
International Cyber crime Reporting and Cooperation
Act -- a new bill designed to discourage global cyber
crime and foster a new global effort of cooperation
among international cyber crime law enforcement
agencies.
This new legislation that would require the U.S.
government to monitor the current cyber crime
indices of other countries and deliver assistance
and/or sanctions to those countries based on the
findings. Also, it will require the president to provide
a global assessment, identify threats from abroad,
work with other countries to crack down on their own
cyber criminals, and urge the President to cut off U.S.
assistance and resources for countries that refuse to
take responsibility for cyber-security.
Incidentally, it may be noted that Malaysia has seen
an increase in cyber related crime from 2007 through
2009 and has documented over 4,000 complaints
which are mostly tied to hacking, fraud, viruses and
denial of service.
Alarmingly, most cases of cyber crime go unreported
and few in number are ever fully investigated or
prosecuted. Though currently, 45 countries have
some type of cyber laws or regulations in place, the
threat of full prosecution in less than substantial.
With limited resources and staffing, most
international enforcement agencies have partnered
with local law enforcement to combat the constant
attack from cyber-criminals which ties directly to the
more alarming threat of cyber-terrorism which
currently (2013) is at epidemic proportions.
3. SUMMARY -
With these continued threats, the laws governing
such acts have not kept up with the growth of the
internet and it still remains a huge challenge to garner
a coordinated effort among the major industrial
nations to effectively produce a set of comprehensive
regulations and laws which will address the
coordinated attacks by cyber enemies who are intent
on destroying current global information
infrastructures and financial networks.
SOURCES -
1) Legislators Propose International Cyber-crime
Cooperation Laws -- With Teeth Mar 23, 2010 | 09:29
PM By Tim Wilson Dark Reading
2) Cyber-crime cost firms $1 trillion globally, McAfee
study says was originally published on CNET
News.com.
3) FBI and Homeland reports 2010 – 2012
regarding cyber-crime and global security.