This document describes about recent progress in bringing down the cost of Hydrogen fuel cells. Around 3 papers were summarised and all of them belong to a timespan of 2012-2013.
IRJET- Study of Performance and Emission Analysis of Hydrogen-Diesel Duel Fue...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the performance and emissions of a hydrogen-diesel dual fuel engine. The study was conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine fueled with both hydrogen, injected into the intake manifold, and diesel fuel. The experiments were performed across a range of engine speeds. The results showed reductions in unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emissions with the addition of hydrogen. Hydrogen is considered a promising alternative fuel due to its clean burning properties and ability to reduce harmful emissions when used in combination with diesel fuel in a compression ignition engine.
This document discusses an experimental study on the effects of adding hydrogen, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and mixtures of the two as secondary fuels in a dual fuel diesel engine. The main findings are:
1) Adding 30% hydrogen as a secondary fuel increased brake thermal efficiency by 17% but increased HC and CO emissions while decreasing NOx and smoke emissions compared to pure diesel.
2) Adding 40% LPG increased brake thermal efficiency by 6% with similar emission effects as hydrogen.
3) Adding a mixture of 40% LPG and hydrogen (70:30 ratio) increased brake thermal efficiency by 27% and decreased HC emissions by 68% compared to pure diesel.
Volume-1, Issue-1, July-2018 1 | P a g e Copyright@ IJERPPublication-2018 Liq...JJERP
Man has always been in pursuit of energy to meet his ever increasing demands. Nowadays due to increase in pollutions and global warming, there is a need for use of eco friendly fuels. In this project attempt has been made to use LPG as an alternative (secondary) fuel for two wheeler of four stroke engine. By using LPG, efficiency of engine can be increased and pollutions caused due to emissions can be reduced. Separate LPG fuel supply system (Gas Kit) has been installed through which LPG is supplied to carburetor directly. By this both Gasoline and LPG can be used in a single vehicle. According to our requirements we can change the supply of fuel to the engine. The changes required to install LPG to the vehicle are discussed below. When the vehicle is running at lower speed LPG is suitable and at higher speed Gasoline is suitable. So, this concept of using both Gasoline and LPG as fuel is suitable for cities where operation of vehicle is in lower speed due to the traffic. Hence by using this concept we save money in buying fuel and also reduce pollutions caused.
Keywords:Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG); LPG Fuel Supply System (Gas Kit); Four Stroke Spark Ignition Engine; Performance, Emission Characteristics
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF 4 STROKE HYBRID (PETROL +WATER) TEST RIGJournal For Research
In the present scenario the growing concern of the people living in every part of society is the ever increasing price of fuel and the harmful effects caused due to higher level of pollutants in the atmosphere. For that search, alternative fuels are encouraged. One of the closest solution to control the above two concern is the evolution of the hybrid vehicle. The water hybrid vehicle uses an HHO (Oxy Hydrogen) generator to supply hydrogen on demand by Electrolysis. This reduces the exhaust gas emitted during the working of engine, and the temperature of the engine is also reduced which is produced by the burning of ordinary fuels. The HHO gas is injected into the inlet manifold of the combustion chamber through the air filter of the engine. It minimizes the carbon deposition in the cylinder thereby increasing the changing period of engine oil it also improves the efficiency of the engine and the life span.
Abstract: Gaseous fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) have been widely used in commercial vehicles. This project evaluated an experimental investigation on Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as an alternative fuel for four-stroke spark ignition engine. The primary objective of the study was to determine the performance and the exhaust emissions of the engine using different fuels. The engine used in the study was originally a single cylinder, four-stroke spark ignition engine and minor modifications were carried out to permit the experiments to run on LPG fuel. During the running, the engine was coupled to a ropeway dynamometer to measure several engine performance parameters and a 5-gas analyzer with non-dispersive infra-red (NDIR) was inserted into the engine exhaust tailpipe for measuring the exhaust emissions. Experimental investigations have been carried out to performance and emissions of single cylinder four-stroke spark ignition engine at full throttling position of engine and different load conditions is used to different fuels (Gasoline and LPG) at various compression ratios (4.67:1,5.49:1).The engine performance studies were conducted with engine setup. Parameters like brake power, brake fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency were calculated. The test result indicated that LPG fuel have closer performance to Gasoline fuel. However, the brake specific energy consumption shows an improvement with LPG as a fuel replacement. The concentration levels of CO, CO2 and unburnt HC recorded are found to be lower than the gasoline fueled engine.
The Objective was to Develop a Motorcycle running on alternative fuel, in this case Methane Gas. The Project was a success and we were able to switch between petrol and gas as fuel resulting in a hybrid motorcycle. The project was featured in local and national news channels.
Experimental investigation of the effect of hydrogen addition on combustion p...Amiya K. Sahoo
The world is presently confronted with two major issues; fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation. Indiscriminate extraction and high consumption of fossil fuels have led to reduction in crude oil resources. The search for an alternative fuel, which promises a harmonious correlation with sustainable development, energy conservation, management, efficiency, and environmental preservation, has become highly pronounced in the present context.
One approach to reduce these problems is by blending hydrogen gas with hydrocarbon fuels used in internal combustion engines.Recently, using hydrogen or hydrogen-gasoline blends as a supplement fuel for spark ignition and compression ignition engines is one of the potential solutions for improving brake thermal efficiency, reducing fuel consumption and pollution emissions from internal combustion engines.
In this paper, advantages and disadvantages of Hydrogen-Gasoline fuels in the context of combustion engines are discussed, and combustion performances and emission characteristics are experimentally investigated at various hydrogen volume fraction and graphs are plotted.
CONVERSION OF PETROL BIKE INTO LPG AND EMISSION CHECK IAEME Publication
An attempt has been made in this project to use alternative fuel in four stroke engine to increase the efficiency. Our fore most aim in selecting this project is to use non conventional fuel against conventional fuel which is becoming scarce and costly now days. With this air is less polluted than conventional fuels.
IRJET- Study of Performance and Emission Analysis of Hydrogen-Diesel Duel Fue...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the performance and emissions of a hydrogen-diesel dual fuel engine. The study was conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine fueled with both hydrogen, injected into the intake manifold, and diesel fuel. The experiments were performed across a range of engine speeds. The results showed reductions in unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emissions with the addition of hydrogen. Hydrogen is considered a promising alternative fuel due to its clean burning properties and ability to reduce harmful emissions when used in combination with diesel fuel in a compression ignition engine.
This document discusses an experimental study on the effects of adding hydrogen, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and mixtures of the two as secondary fuels in a dual fuel diesel engine. The main findings are:
1) Adding 30% hydrogen as a secondary fuel increased brake thermal efficiency by 17% but increased HC and CO emissions while decreasing NOx and smoke emissions compared to pure diesel.
2) Adding 40% LPG increased brake thermal efficiency by 6% with similar emission effects as hydrogen.
3) Adding a mixture of 40% LPG and hydrogen (70:30 ratio) increased brake thermal efficiency by 27% and decreased HC emissions by 68% compared to pure diesel.
Volume-1, Issue-1, July-2018 1 | P a g e Copyright@ IJERPPublication-2018 Liq...JJERP
Man has always been in pursuit of energy to meet his ever increasing demands. Nowadays due to increase in pollutions and global warming, there is a need for use of eco friendly fuels. In this project attempt has been made to use LPG as an alternative (secondary) fuel for two wheeler of four stroke engine. By using LPG, efficiency of engine can be increased and pollutions caused due to emissions can be reduced. Separate LPG fuel supply system (Gas Kit) has been installed through which LPG is supplied to carburetor directly. By this both Gasoline and LPG can be used in a single vehicle. According to our requirements we can change the supply of fuel to the engine. The changes required to install LPG to the vehicle are discussed below. When the vehicle is running at lower speed LPG is suitable and at higher speed Gasoline is suitable. So, this concept of using both Gasoline and LPG as fuel is suitable for cities where operation of vehicle is in lower speed due to the traffic. Hence by using this concept we save money in buying fuel and also reduce pollutions caused.
Keywords:Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG); LPG Fuel Supply System (Gas Kit); Four Stroke Spark Ignition Engine; Performance, Emission Characteristics
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF 4 STROKE HYBRID (PETROL +WATER) TEST RIGJournal For Research
In the present scenario the growing concern of the people living in every part of society is the ever increasing price of fuel and the harmful effects caused due to higher level of pollutants in the atmosphere. For that search, alternative fuels are encouraged. One of the closest solution to control the above two concern is the evolution of the hybrid vehicle. The water hybrid vehicle uses an HHO (Oxy Hydrogen) generator to supply hydrogen on demand by Electrolysis. This reduces the exhaust gas emitted during the working of engine, and the temperature of the engine is also reduced which is produced by the burning of ordinary fuels. The HHO gas is injected into the inlet manifold of the combustion chamber through the air filter of the engine. It minimizes the carbon deposition in the cylinder thereby increasing the changing period of engine oil it also improves the efficiency of the engine and the life span.
Abstract: Gaseous fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) have been widely used in commercial vehicles. This project evaluated an experimental investigation on Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as an alternative fuel for four-stroke spark ignition engine. The primary objective of the study was to determine the performance and the exhaust emissions of the engine using different fuels. The engine used in the study was originally a single cylinder, four-stroke spark ignition engine and minor modifications were carried out to permit the experiments to run on LPG fuel. During the running, the engine was coupled to a ropeway dynamometer to measure several engine performance parameters and a 5-gas analyzer with non-dispersive infra-red (NDIR) was inserted into the engine exhaust tailpipe for measuring the exhaust emissions. Experimental investigations have been carried out to performance and emissions of single cylinder four-stroke spark ignition engine at full throttling position of engine and different load conditions is used to different fuels (Gasoline and LPG) at various compression ratios (4.67:1,5.49:1).The engine performance studies were conducted with engine setup. Parameters like brake power, brake fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency were calculated. The test result indicated that LPG fuel have closer performance to Gasoline fuel. However, the brake specific energy consumption shows an improvement with LPG as a fuel replacement. The concentration levels of CO, CO2 and unburnt HC recorded are found to be lower than the gasoline fueled engine.
The Objective was to Develop a Motorcycle running on alternative fuel, in this case Methane Gas. The Project was a success and we were able to switch between petrol and gas as fuel resulting in a hybrid motorcycle. The project was featured in local and national news channels.
Experimental investigation of the effect of hydrogen addition on combustion p...Amiya K. Sahoo
The world is presently confronted with two major issues; fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation. Indiscriminate extraction and high consumption of fossil fuels have led to reduction in crude oil resources. The search for an alternative fuel, which promises a harmonious correlation with sustainable development, energy conservation, management, efficiency, and environmental preservation, has become highly pronounced in the present context.
One approach to reduce these problems is by blending hydrogen gas with hydrocarbon fuels used in internal combustion engines.Recently, using hydrogen or hydrogen-gasoline blends as a supplement fuel for spark ignition and compression ignition engines is one of the potential solutions for improving brake thermal efficiency, reducing fuel consumption and pollution emissions from internal combustion engines.
In this paper, advantages and disadvantages of Hydrogen-Gasoline fuels in the context of combustion engines are discussed, and combustion performances and emission characteristics are experimentally investigated at various hydrogen volume fraction and graphs are plotted.
CONVERSION OF PETROL BIKE INTO LPG AND EMISSION CHECK IAEME Publication
An attempt has been made in this project to use alternative fuel in four stroke engine to increase the efficiency. Our fore most aim in selecting this project is to use non conventional fuel against conventional fuel which is becoming scarce and costly now days. With this air is less polluted than conventional fuels.
This document compares the properties and usage of various alternative fuels for internal combustion engines including alcohols, hydrogen, natural gas, and vegetable oils. It provides tables listing properties like density, heating value, emissions profiles, and toxicity for different fuels. The document also discusses advantages and limitations of using alcohols as well as production and storage of hydrogen as a potential fuel. It concludes that while hydrogen shows technical feasibility as an alternative fuel, further research is still needed in areas like affordable production, improved onboard storage, and safety.
Aspen Plus simulation of Three Reactor Chemical Looping using Gibbs model. Comparison of different support balls for same Oxygen Carrier conducted using mass loading capacity, Oxygen Carrying capacity
SIMULATION, EXERGY EFFICIENCY AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ELECTRICITY OF A 62...Zin Eddine Dadach
The document summarizes a study that simulated a 620 MW natural gas combined cycle power plant using Aspen Hysys software. It determined the optimal flue gas recirculation ratio by investigating the effect of recirculation on carbon dioxide and oxygen levels in the exhaust gas. A ratio of 0.42 was found to increase CO2 levels to 9.2% while decreasing O2 to 3.5%. The study also found this ratio increased the plant's overall efficiency from 57.5% to 58.2% by more than the cooling effect on combustion turbine power. Exergy and environmental impact analyses determined the combustor had the lowest exergy efficiency of 75.65% and highest environmental impact contribution of 20.74
Synthesis of Oxygenated Fuel Additives via Acetylation of Bio-Glycerol over H...crimsonpublisherspps
1) The document discusses the acetylation of glycerol, a byproduct of biodiesel production, using sulfonated montmorillonite K10 catalysts.
2) A series of H2SO4-modified sulfonated montmorillonite K10 catalysts were synthesized and characterized. They were then evaluated for catalyzing the acetylation of glycerol with acetic acid to produce oxygenated fuel additives.
3) The 20% (w/w) SO4/K10 catalyst achieved 99% glycerol conversion and respective yields of 23% for MAG, 59% for DAG, 15% for TAG, and 2% for DGTA. This catalyst also maintained
Synthesis of Oxygenated Fuel Additives via Acetylation of Bio-Glycerol over H...DanesBlake
Abstract
Growing global biodiesel production demands valorization of bio-glycerol derived from biodiesel, which is crucial to make biorefinery process economical. Hence, a series of H2SO4 modified sulfonated Montmorillonite K10 catalysts were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for acetylation of bio- glycerol with acetic acid to produce mono acetin (MAG), di acetin (DAG), tri acetin (TAG), and di-glycerol tri-acetate (DGTA), which are the oxygenated fuel additives and facilitate the economic viability of biodiesel production so the biorefinery. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by a compressive suite of characterization techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), low temperature N2 physisorption, temperature-programmed ammonia desorption (TPAD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The glycerol conversion and product distribution results were found to correlate with the acidity and textural properties of the catalyst. 20% (w/w) SO4/K10 was revealed to be a promising catalyst for glycerol acetylation with 99% glycerol conversion and with respective yield towards MAG, DAG, TGA and DGTA of 23%, 59%, 15%, and 2%. Moreover, 20% (w/w) SO4/K10 catalyst
was found to maintain the stable catalytic activity for three reaction cycles. However, the partial catalyst deactivation was observed after third reaction cycle, partly due to deposition of coke and loss of active sites during the reaction. https://crimsonpublishers.com/pps/fulltext/PPS.000501.php
This document discusses alternative fuels and provides information about various types of alternative fuels including alcohols (ethanol and methanol), LPG, hydrogen, ammonia, CNG, vegetable oils, and biogas. It describes the general uses, properties, advantages and disadvantages of these alternative fuels. Specifically, it outlines the production, uses and key features of ethanol and methanol as motor fuels. It also discusses the general uses of LPG in applications like cooking, heating, cooling, refrigeration and crop drying.
This document discusses alternative fuels and provides information about ethanol. It notes that ethanol can be produced from renewable agriculture sources through fermentation and distillation of crops. As a motor fuel, ethanol can be used in low blends with gasoline up to E85. The document outlines some advantages of ethanol such as its renewable nature but also notes potential disadvantages like impacts on food prices. It also provides properties and details on the production and use of ethanol as an alternative fuel.
The document discusses partial gasification of pre-dried pulverized coal through waste heat recovery as a future clean coal technology option. It notes that coal pulverizing is an energy intensive process dependent on coal properties. Improving pulverizer performance is limited by design and tied to drying low rank coals with high moisture content. The document proposes using waste heat from flue gases to partially dry coal prior to pulverizing, which could improve mill throughput and reduce boiler heat rate penalties from coal drying. Field studies showed this partial flue gas recirculation approach enabled higher mill capacity and steam generation compared to without waste heat recovery.
This document provides an overview of boiler energy audits. It discusses the importance of auditing boilers to evaluate performance and efficiency over time. The direct and indirect methods for evaluating boiler efficiency are described. Key factors that affect boiler operating efficiency are outlined, such as fuel quality, air supply, and boiler maintenance. Typical losses in boilers like dry flue gas and moisture are also summarized. Finally, the document lists some energy conservation opportunities for boilers like reducing excess air and stack temperatures.
Syngas is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide produced through gasification processes. It can be used directly as fuel or to synthesize other fuels and chemicals. The main industrial processes for syngas production are steam reforming, autothermal reforming, and partial oxidation of hydrocarbons. Partial oxidation involves reacting hydrocarbons with oxygen without steam, producing syngas at lower costs but higher temperatures than steam reforming. Catalytic partial oxidation uses catalysts to control the reaction and reduce heat generation. Research continues to improve catalyst heat resistance and prevent coking while reducing costs of syngas production.
Hydrogen has potential as a zero-carbon energy source. It can be produced through various methods, with green hydrogen produced via electrolysis using renewable energy being the cleanest option. Grey hydrogen produced from natural gas currently dominates supply but results in significant carbon emissions. Blue hydrogen captures the carbon emissions from natural gas production. Hydrogen can be used across the transportation, industrial, and building sectors but faces challenges in production costs and lack of fueling/distribution infrastructure that must be addressed for its widespread adoption.
This document is a seminar report on green hydrogen fuel cell technology submitted for a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering. It provides an introduction to green hydrogen production through water electrolysis using renewable energy sources like solar. It describes the working of fuel cells and their major components. The different types of fuel cells are also discussed along with the advantages and applications of green hydrogen fuel cell technology, such as in transportation. However, there are also challenges like high costs and lack of infrastructure that need to be addressed for its widespread adoption.
Power Generation Facility with Amine Based Carbon CapturePeter Zhou
This document describes a post-combustion carbon capture facility integrated with a 400 MW natural gas combined cycle power plant. The facility uses an amine solvent of 27.5 wt% MEA and 2.5 wt% piperazine to capture CO2 from the plant's flue gases. The captured CO2 is compressed to a liquid state of 16 MPa and 99.7% purity for potential uses like enhanced oil recovery. An economic analysis found the capital costs of over $1.26 billion resulted in an uneconomical process despite capturing 215,000 tons of CO2 annually.
The document summarizes a seminar report on a fuel energizer device. The fuel energizer uses powerful magnets to ionize fuel as it passes through, realigning the fuel molecules. This allows the fuel to more completely burn and interlock with oxygen, improving combustion efficiency and reducing emissions. Testing showed reductions in hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and increased fuel economy and engine output when the fuel energizer was installed on vehicles. The document discusses the magnetic fields produced by neodymium magnets used in the fuel energizer and how it converts fuel molecules into a higher energy, more reactive state to improve combustion.
This document summarizes the results of an experimental study analyzing the performance of a diesel engine fueled with blends of light fraction pyrolysis oil (LFPO) derived from waste tires. The study included analyzing the brake specific energy consumption, exhaust gas temperature, emissions of carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and smoke for the diesel engine fueled with diesel and blends containing 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 40% LFPO. The brake specific energy consumption was highest for the 10% LFPO blend while the exhaust gas temperature was highest for the 10% LFPO blend. Carbon monoxide emissions increased with higher LFPO content blends while nitric oxide decreased. Smoke emissions were highest for the 15% LFPO blend.
The document compares various alternative fuels to gasoline across multiple properties. It provides information on the chemical structure, fuel material/feedstocks, energy content and gasoline gallon equivalents of fuels like biodiesel, propane, compressed natural gas, ethanol and hydrogen. The document also discusses factors like maintenance issues, energy security impacts and references for further information on various fuel properties.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Spectroscopic Properties of Ho3+ Doped Zinc Lithium Bismuth Borate Glassesinventionjournals
Zinc lithium bismuth borate glasses containing Ho3+ in (25- x): Bi2O3:20Li2O:20ZnO: 35B2O3:xHo2O3 (where x=1, 1.5,2 mol %) have been prepared by melt-quenching method. The amorphous nature of the glasses was confirmed by x-ray diffraction studies. Optical absorption spectra were recorded at room temperature for all glass samples. The experimental oscillator strengths were calculated from the area under the absorption bands. Slater-Condon parameter F2, Lande’s parameter ξ4f, Nephlauxetic ratio (β’) and Bonding parameter (b ½ ) have been computed. Using these parameters energies and intensities of these bands has been calculated. Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters Ωλ (λ=2, 4, 6) are evaluated from the intensities of various absorption bands of optical absorption spectra. Using these intensity parameters various radiative properties like spontaneous emission probability, branching ratio, radiative life time and stimulated emission cross– section of various emission lines have been evaluated.
The document discusses the present scenario and vision for the Indian steel industry. It notes that while India is the 4th largest steel producer globally, per capita consumption is still below world averages. The national steel policy aims to increase total steel production to 110 million tonnes by 2019-20 through brownfield and greenfield expansion projects to meet growing domestic demand from infrastructure and other sectors and achieve an annual growth rate of around 7%.
Application of Hydrogen as Fuel Supplement in Internal Combustion Engines-A B...IJSRD
Faced with the ever increasing cost of conventional fossil fuels and the severe environmental pollution, researchers worldwide are working to cost effectively improve internal combustion engines fuel economy and emission characteristics. Recently, use of hydrogen or hydrogen-rich gas as fuel supplement for SI and CI engines is considered to be one of the potential solutions to these problems. Hydrogen has many excellent combustion properties that can be used for improving hydrocarbon combustion and emissions performance of both SI and CI engines. This article presents a brief review on the recent progress in the application of hydrogen as a fuel additive to improve the efficiencies and emissions of modern IC engines.
Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on integration of Salesforce with Bonterra Impact Management.
Interested in deploying an integration with Salesforce for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
This document compares the properties and usage of various alternative fuels for internal combustion engines including alcohols, hydrogen, natural gas, and vegetable oils. It provides tables listing properties like density, heating value, emissions profiles, and toxicity for different fuels. The document also discusses advantages and limitations of using alcohols as well as production and storage of hydrogen as a potential fuel. It concludes that while hydrogen shows technical feasibility as an alternative fuel, further research is still needed in areas like affordable production, improved onboard storage, and safety.
Aspen Plus simulation of Three Reactor Chemical Looping using Gibbs model. Comparison of different support balls for same Oxygen Carrier conducted using mass loading capacity, Oxygen Carrying capacity
SIMULATION, EXERGY EFFICIENCY AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ELECTRICITY OF A 62...Zin Eddine Dadach
The document summarizes a study that simulated a 620 MW natural gas combined cycle power plant using Aspen Hysys software. It determined the optimal flue gas recirculation ratio by investigating the effect of recirculation on carbon dioxide and oxygen levels in the exhaust gas. A ratio of 0.42 was found to increase CO2 levels to 9.2% while decreasing O2 to 3.5%. The study also found this ratio increased the plant's overall efficiency from 57.5% to 58.2% by more than the cooling effect on combustion turbine power. Exergy and environmental impact analyses determined the combustor had the lowest exergy efficiency of 75.65% and highest environmental impact contribution of 20.74
Synthesis of Oxygenated Fuel Additives via Acetylation of Bio-Glycerol over H...crimsonpublisherspps
1) The document discusses the acetylation of glycerol, a byproduct of biodiesel production, using sulfonated montmorillonite K10 catalysts.
2) A series of H2SO4-modified sulfonated montmorillonite K10 catalysts were synthesized and characterized. They were then evaluated for catalyzing the acetylation of glycerol with acetic acid to produce oxygenated fuel additives.
3) The 20% (w/w) SO4/K10 catalyst achieved 99% glycerol conversion and respective yields of 23% for MAG, 59% for DAG, 15% for TAG, and 2% for DGTA. This catalyst also maintained
Synthesis of Oxygenated Fuel Additives via Acetylation of Bio-Glycerol over H...DanesBlake
Abstract
Growing global biodiesel production demands valorization of bio-glycerol derived from biodiesel, which is crucial to make biorefinery process economical. Hence, a series of H2SO4 modified sulfonated Montmorillonite K10 catalysts were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for acetylation of bio- glycerol with acetic acid to produce mono acetin (MAG), di acetin (DAG), tri acetin (TAG), and di-glycerol tri-acetate (DGTA), which are the oxygenated fuel additives and facilitate the economic viability of biodiesel production so the biorefinery. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by a compressive suite of characterization techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), low temperature N2 physisorption, temperature-programmed ammonia desorption (TPAD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The glycerol conversion and product distribution results were found to correlate with the acidity and textural properties of the catalyst. 20% (w/w) SO4/K10 was revealed to be a promising catalyst for glycerol acetylation with 99% glycerol conversion and with respective yield towards MAG, DAG, TGA and DGTA of 23%, 59%, 15%, and 2%. Moreover, 20% (w/w) SO4/K10 catalyst
was found to maintain the stable catalytic activity for three reaction cycles. However, the partial catalyst deactivation was observed after third reaction cycle, partly due to deposition of coke and loss of active sites during the reaction. https://crimsonpublishers.com/pps/fulltext/PPS.000501.php
This document discusses alternative fuels and provides information about various types of alternative fuels including alcohols (ethanol and methanol), LPG, hydrogen, ammonia, CNG, vegetable oils, and biogas. It describes the general uses, properties, advantages and disadvantages of these alternative fuels. Specifically, it outlines the production, uses and key features of ethanol and methanol as motor fuels. It also discusses the general uses of LPG in applications like cooking, heating, cooling, refrigeration and crop drying.
This document discusses alternative fuels and provides information about ethanol. It notes that ethanol can be produced from renewable agriculture sources through fermentation and distillation of crops. As a motor fuel, ethanol can be used in low blends with gasoline up to E85. The document outlines some advantages of ethanol such as its renewable nature but also notes potential disadvantages like impacts on food prices. It also provides properties and details on the production and use of ethanol as an alternative fuel.
The document discusses partial gasification of pre-dried pulverized coal through waste heat recovery as a future clean coal technology option. It notes that coal pulverizing is an energy intensive process dependent on coal properties. Improving pulverizer performance is limited by design and tied to drying low rank coals with high moisture content. The document proposes using waste heat from flue gases to partially dry coal prior to pulverizing, which could improve mill throughput and reduce boiler heat rate penalties from coal drying. Field studies showed this partial flue gas recirculation approach enabled higher mill capacity and steam generation compared to without waste heat recovery.
This document provides an overview of boiler energy audits. It discusses the importance of auditing boilers to evaluate performance and efficiency over time. The direct and indirect methods for evaluating boiler efficiency are described. Key factors that affect boiler operating efficiency are outlined, such as fuel quality, air supply, and boiler maintenance. Typical losses in boilers like dry flue gas and moisture are also summarized. Finally, the document lists some energy conservation opportunities for boilers like reducing excess air and stack temperatures.
Syngas is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide produced through gasification processes. It can be used directly as fuel or to synthesize other fuels and chemicals. The main industrial processes for syngas production are steam reforming, autothermal reforming, and partial oxidation of hydrocarbons. Partial oxidation involves reacting hydrocarbons with oxygen without steam, producing syngas at lower costs but higher temperatures than steam reforming. Catalytic partial oxidation uses catalysts to control the reaction and reduce heat generation. Research continues to improve catalyst heat resistance and prevent coking while reducing costs of syngas production.
Hydrogen has potential as a zero-carbon energy source. It can be produced through various methods, with green hydrogen produced via electrolysis using renewable energy being the cleanest option. Grey hydrogen produced from natural gas currently dominates supply but results in significant carbon emissions. Blue hydrogen captures the carbon emissions from natural gas production. Hydrogen can be used across the transportation, industrial, and building sectors but faces challenges in production costs and lack of fueling/distribution infrastructure that must be addressed for its widespread adoption.
This document is a seminar report on green hydrogen fuel cell technology submitted for a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering. It provides an introduction to green hydrogen production through water electrolysis using renewable energy sources like solar. It describes the working of fuel cells and their major components. The different types of fuel cells are also discussed along with the advantages and applications of green hydrogen fuel cell technology, such as in transportation. However, there are also challenges like high costs and lack of infrastructure that need to be addressed for its widespread adoption.
Power Generation Facility with Amine Based Carbon CapturePeter Zhou
This document describes a post-combustion carbon capture facility integrated with a 400 MW natural gas combined cycle power plant. The facility uses an amine solvent of 27.5 wt% MEA and 2.5 wt% piperazine to capture CO2 from the plant's flue gases. The captured CO2 is compressed to a liquid state of 16 MPa and 99.7% purity for potential uses like enhanced oil recovery. An economic analysis found the capital costs of over $1.26 billion resulted in an uneconomical process despite capturing 215,000 tons of CO2 annually.
The document summarizes a seminar report on a fuel energizer device. The fuel energizer uses powerful magnets to ionize fuel as it passes through, realigning the fuel molecules. This allows the fuel to more completely burn and interlock with oxygen, improving combustion efficiency and reducing emissions. Testing showed reductions in hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and increased fuel economy and engine output when the fuel energizer was installed on vehicles. The document discusses the magnetic fields produced by neodymium magnets used in the fuel energizer and how it converts fuel molecules into a higher energy, more reactive state to improve combustion.
This document summarizes the results of an experimental study analyzing the performance of a diesel engine fueled with blends of light fraction pyrolysis oil (LFPO) derived from waste tires. The study included analyzing the brake specific energy consumption, exhaust gas temperature, emissions of carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and smoke for the diesel engine fueled with diesel and blends containing 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 40% LFPO. The brake specific energy consumption was highest for the 10% LFPO blend while the exhaust gas temperature was highest for the 10% LFPO blend. Carbon monoxide emissions increased with higher LFPO content blends while nitric oxide decreased. Smoke emissions were highest for the 15% LFPO blend.
The document compares various alternative fuels to gasoline across multiple properties. It provides information on the chemical structure, fuel material/feedstocks, energy content and gasoline gallon equivalents of fuels like biodiesel, propane, compressed natural gas, ethanol and hydrogen. The document also discusses factors like maintenance issues, energy security impacts and references for further information on various fuel properties.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Spectroscopic Properties of Ho3+ Doped Zinc Lithium Bismuth Borate Glassesinventionjournals
Zinc lithium bismuth borate glasses containing Ho3+ in (25- x): Bi2O3:20Li2O:20ZnO: 35B2O3:xHo2O3 (where x=1, 1.5,2 mol %) have been prepared by melt-quenching method. The amorphous nature of the glasses was confirmed by x-ray diffraction studies. Optical absorption spectra were recorded at room temperature for all glass samples. The experimental oscillator strengths were calculated from the area under the absorption bands. Slater-Condon parameter F2, Lande’s parameter ξ4f, Nephlauxetic ratio (β’) and Bonding parameter (b ½ ) have been computed. Using these parameters energies and intensities of these bands has been calculated. Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters Ωλ (λ=2, 4, 6) are evaluated from the intensities of various absorption bands of optical absorption spectra. Using these intensity parameters various radiative properties like spontaneous emission probability, branching ratio, radiative life time and stimulated emission cross– section of various emission lines have been evaluated.
The document discusses the present scenario and vision for the Indian steel industry. It notes that while India is the 4th largest steel producer globally, per capita consumption is still below world averages. The national steel policy aims to increase total steel production to 110 million tonnes by 2019-20 through brownfield and greenfield expansion projects to meet growing domestic demand from infrastructure and other sectors and achieve an annual growth rate of around 7%.
Application of Hydrogen as Fuel Supplement in Internal Combustion Engines-A B...IJSRD
Faced with the ever increasing cost of conventional fossil fuels and the severe environmental pollution, researchers worldwide are working to cost effectively improve internal combustion engines fuel economy and emission characteristics. Recently, use of hydrogen or hydrogen-rich gas as fuel supplement for SI and CI engines is considered to be one of the potential solutions to these problems. Hydrogen has many excellent combustion properties that can be used for improving hydrocarbon combustion and emissions performance of both SI and CI engines. This article presents a brief review on the recent progress in the application of hydrogen as a fuel additive to improve the efficiencies and emissions of modern IC engines.
Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on integration of Salesforce with Bonterra Impact Management.
Interested in deploying an integration with Salesforce for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Nunit vs XUnit vs MSTest Differences Between These Unit Testing Frameworks.pdfflufftailshop
When it comes to unit testing in the .NET ecosystem, developers have a wide range of options available. Among the most popular choices are NUnit, XUnit, and MSTest. These unit testing frameworks provide essential tools and features to help ensure the quality and reliability of code. However, understanding the differences between these frameworks is crucial for selecting the most suitable one for your projects.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Letter and Document Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Sol...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on automated letter generation for Bonterra Impact Management using Google Workspace or Microsoft 365.
Interested in deploying letter generation automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
This presentation provides valuable insights into effective cost-saving techniques on AWS. Learn how to optimize your AWS resources by rightsizing, increasing elasticity, picking the right storage class, and choosing the best pricing model. Additionally, discover essential governance mechanisms to ensure continuous cost efficiency. Whether you are new to AWS or an experienced user, this presentation provides clear and practical tips to help you reduce your cloud costs and get the most out of your budget.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
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Available at: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/06/130605111518.htm