The document discusses an intravenous urogram (IVU), also known as an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). An IVU uses intravenous contrast dye and x-ray imaging to evaluate the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. It provides an anatomical roadmap and can detect abnormalities like obstructions. Patient preparation includes fasting, laxatives, and a scout film is done prior to injecting contrast dye intravenously and obtaining serial x-ray images as the dye moves through the urinary system. Potential risks are minimal but include reactions to the contrast dye and exposure to radiation.
random renal tru cut needle biopsy for histopathology
diffuse renal parenchymal disease and disorders
indications
technique
complications
contraindications
A presentation about Intravenous Urography (Also known as Intravenous Pyeography).
The presentation contains 41 slides, and is divided into 4 parts :
1 - Introduction.
2 - The procedure.
3 - Examples for abnormal findings.
4 - Studies comparing IVU accuracy with KUB & USG with CT Scan.
This presentation was prepared and presented by me in the tutorials of the Radiology Department of Sebha Medical Center.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
random renal tru cut needle biopsy for histopathology
diffuse renal parenchymal disease and disorders
indications
technique
complications
contraindications
A presentation about Intravenous Urography (Also known as Intravenous Pyeography).
The presentation contains 41 slides, and is divided into 4 parts :
1 - Introduction.
2 - The procedure.
3 - Examples for abnormal findings.
4 - Studies comparing IVU accuracy with KUB & USG with CT Scan.
This presentation was prepared and presented by me in the tutorials of the Radiology Department of Sebha Medical Center.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Top 10 Oil and Gas Projects in Saudi Arabia 2024.pdf
CUT.docx
1. Indications
check for normal function of kidneys
check for anatomical variants or congenital anomalies (e.g. horse-shoe kidney)
check the courseof the ureters
detect and localize a ureteric obstruction (urolithiasis)
assess for synchronous upper tract disease in those with bladder transitional cell
carcinoma (TCC)
Patient preparation
overnight fasting prior to the date of examination; a laxative would help to achieve a
good preparation
on the day of the procedure take a scout/pilot film to check patient preparation and
also for radiopaque calculi
check serum creatinine level to be within the normal range (as per hospital guidelines)
(7) INTRAVENOUS UROGRAM (IVU), aka INTRAVENOUS
PYELOGRAM (IVP)
Indications
Indications are diminishing due the introduction of CT urography (CTU), but the standard list
includes:
1. Anatomic roadmap for kidneys, ureter and bladder
2. Evaluation of flank pain or renal colic
3. Evaluation of hematuria
4. Evaluation of urinary tract status post trauma
Patient Preparation
1. 1 day before exam- eat a light lunch and dinner.
2. Clear liquids after 8 PM the night prior to exam.
3. Magnesium citrate or other mild laxative, e.g. dulcolax, the night prior to exam.
4. NPO for 3 hours prior to exam.
Description
2. Intravenous contrast is excreted by the kidneys via glomerular filtration. Following injection,
there are 3 phases:
1. Total body opacification phase (TBO) when contrast is in the capillaries.
2. Nephrogram phase when contrast is in the renal parenchyma
3. Pyelogram phase when contrast is in the pelvicalyceal system, ureters, and bladder.
The size and shape of the kidneys are evaluated, and an assessment is made for renal masses.
Opacification of both kidneys at the same time is a rough indicator of normal blood supply and
function. The calyces, renal pelves, ureters and bladder are evaluated. These structures are
examined sequentially by serial x-rays and should show symmetric filling without dilatations,
narrowing, or filling defects.
Procedure: The bowel is prepped prior to the study to minimize the presence of gas and fecal
material, which may obscure the urinary collecting system. A preliminary “scout” x-ray of the
abdomen is obtained prior to contrast administration to identify calcified renal stones. An IV
catheter is then inserted into an arm vein and contrast is administered. Serial x-ray images of the
abdomen are obtained as the contrast moves through the urinary system. At the end of the exam,
the patient goes to the bathroom to urinate and images of the post-void bladder are obtained. The
exam usually takes about 1 hour.
Patient Comfort Level
1. Needle stick for the IV catheter.
2. Intravenous contrast may cause a feeling of warmth and a metallic taste in the mouth. Some
patients get nauseated and may even vomit.
3. Adverse reactions may occur to IV contrast agents, ionic> nonionic.
Contraindications
An IVU involves radiation and intravenous contrast, and the contraindications are largely due to
the necessity of limiting these.
1. IVU should be avoided in pregnant women unless absolutely necessary.
2. Nursing mothers should pump and discard breast milk for 24 hours after receiving intravenous
contrast.
3. Patients with documented allergy to iodinated materials and intravenous contrast should not
receive contrast. There are many accurate imaging modalities for the kidney that do not require
contrast, e.g. non-contrast renal CT, US, MRI, or nuclear imaging.
4. Patients with renal insufficiency, especially if diabetic, or in renal failure should not receive
IV contrast.
5. Contrast can lead to precipitation of Bence Jones protein and acute tubular necrosis in patients
with multiple myeloma, especially when dehydrated.
6. Contrast is hyperosmolar and may worsen CHF.
7. Contrast is uricosuric and can worsen gout.
Limitations
1. IVU is only a rough indicator of function. If both kidneys function simultaneously, they both
may have decreased function or blood supply.
2. Small lesions in the kidney may be missed.
3. 3. A normal IVU does not rule out significant abnormalities, especially in the bladder. IVU
misses up to 33% of bladder tumors.
Risks
An intravenous pyelogram is generally safe, and complications are rare. As with any medical
procedure, intravenous pyelogram does carry a risk of complications, including allergic
reactions.
In some people, the injection of X-ray dye can cause side effects such as:
A feeling of warmth or flushing
A metallic taste in the mouth
Nausea
Itching
Hives
Rarely, severe reactions to the dye occur, including:
Extremely low blood pressure
A sudden, full-body allergic reaction that can cause breathing difficulties and other life-
threatening symptoms (anaphylactic shock)
Cardiac arrest
During the X-rays, you'll be exposed to low levels of radiation. The amount of radiation you're
exposed to during an intravenous pyelogram is small, so the risk of any damage to cells in your
body is extremely low.
However, if you're pregnant or think that you may be pregnant, tell your doctor before having an
intravenous pyelogram. Though the risk to an unborn baby is small, your doctor may consider
whether it's better to wait or to use another imaging test.