Boli infectioase cu simptomatologie respiratorie, ale pisicilor, diagnostic metodologie si terapie, note de curs Boli infectioase anul 5, Dragos Cobzariu
Leishmaniasis is caused by a protozoa parasite from over 20 Leishmania species. Over 90 sandfly species are known to transmit Leishmania parasites. There are 3 main forms of the disease:
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar is fatal if left untreated in over 95% of cases. It is characterized by irregular bouts of fever, weight loss, enlargement of the spleen and liver, and anaemia. Most cases occur in Brazil, East Africa and in South-East Asia. An estimated 50 000 to 90 000 new cases of VL occur worldwide each year out of which only an estimated 25–45% are reported to WHO. In 2017, more than 95% of new cases reported to WHO occurred in 10 countries: Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Ethiopia, India, Kenya, Nepal, Somalia, South Sudan and Sudan.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common form of leishmaniasis and causes skin lesions, mainly ulcers, on exposed parts of the body, leaving life-long scars and serious disability or stigma. About 95% of CL cases occur in the Americas, the Mediterranean basin, the Middle East and Central Asia. In 2017 over 95% of new CL cases occurred in 6 countries: Afghanistan, Algeria, Brazil, Colombia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq and the Syrian Arab Republic. It is estimated that between 600 000 to 1 million new cases occur worldwide annually.
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis leads to partial or total destruction of mucous membranes of the nose, mouth and throat. Over 90% of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis cases occur in Bolivia (the Plurinational State of), Brazil, Ethiopia and Peru.
Transmission
Leishmania parasites are transmitted through the bites of infected female phlebotomine sandflies, which feed on blood to produce eggs. The epidemiology of leishmaniasis depends on the characteristics of the parasite and sandfly species, the local ecological characteristics of the transmission sites, current and past exposure of the human population to the parasite, and human behaviour. Some 70 animal species, including humans, have been found as natural reservoir hosts of Leishmania parasites.
(WHO, 2019)
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis is caused by a protozoa parasite from over 20 Leishmania species. Over 90 sandfly species are known to transmit Leishmania parasites. There are 3 main forms of the disease:
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar is fatal if left untreated in over 95% of cases. It is characterized by irregular bouts of fever, weight loss, enlargement of the spleen and liver, and anaemia. Most cases occur in Brazil, East Africa and in South-East Asia. An estimated 50 000 to 90 000 new cases of VL occur worldwide each year out of which only an estimated 25–45% are reported to WHO. In 2017, more than 95% of new cases reported to WHO occurred in 10 countries: Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Ethiopia, India, Kenya, Nepal, Somalia, South Sudan and Sudan.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common form of leishmaniasis and causes skin lesions, mainly ulcers, on exposed parts of the body, leaving life-long scars and serious disability or stigma. About 95% of CL cases occur in the Americas, the Mediterranean basin, the Middle East and Central Asia. In 2017 over 95% of new CL cases occurred in 6 countries: Afghanistan, Algeria, Brazil, Colombia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq and the Syrian Arab Republic. It is estimated that between 600 000 to 1 million new cases occur worldwide annually.
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis leads to partial or total destruction of mucous membranes of the nose, mouth and throat. Over 90% of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis cases occur in Bolivia (the Plurinational State of), Brazil, Ethiopia and Peru.
Transmission
Leishmania parasites are transmitted through the bites of infected female phlebotomine sandflies, which feed on blood to produce eggs. The epidemiology of leishmaniasis depends on the characteristics of the parasite and sandfly species, the local ecological characteristics of the transmission sites, current and past exposure of the human population to the parasite, and human behaviour. Some 70 animal species, including humans, have been found as natural reservoir hosts of Leishmania parasites.
(WHO, 2019)
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/leishmaniasis
Polio: flaccid paralysis, major and minor
disease, fecal-oral
Coxsackievirus A: vesicular diseases,
meningitis; coxsackievirus B (body):
pleurodynia, myocarditis
Other echovirus and enteroviruses: like
coxsackievirus
Rhinoviruses: common cold, acid labile, does
not replicate above 33° C
Biology, Virulence, and Disease
• Small size, icosahedral capsid, positive RNA
genome with terminal protein
• Genome is sufficient for infection
• Encodes RNA-dependent RNA polymerase,
replicates in cytoplasm
Enteroviruses
• Capsid virus resistant to inactivation
• Disease due to lytic infection of important
target tissue
• Polio: cytolytic infection of motor neurons of
anterior horn and brainstem, paralysis
• Coxsackievirus A: herpangina, hand-foot-
and-mouth disease, common cold,
meningitis
• Coxsackievirus B: pleurodynia, neonatal
myocarditis, type 1 diabetes
Rhinoviruses
• Acid labile and cannot replicate at body
temperature
• Restricted to upper respiratory tract
• Common cold
Epidemiology
• Enteroviruses transmitted by fecal-oral route
and aerosols
• Rhinoviruses transmitted by aerosols and
contact
Diagnosis
• Immune assays (ELISA) or RT-PCR genome
analysis of blood, CSF, or other relevant
sample
Treatment, Prevention, and Control
• OPV and IPV polio vaccines
P
icornaviridae is one of the largest families of viruses and
includes some of the most important human and animal
viruses (Box 46-1). As the name indicates, these viruses are
small (pico) ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses that have a
naked capsid structure. The family has more than 230
members divided into nine genera, including Enterovirus,
Rhinovirus, Hepatovirus (hepatitis A virus; discussed in
Chapter 55), Cardiovirus, and Aphthovirus. The enterovi-
ruses are distinguished from the rhinoviruses by the stabil-
ity of the capsid at pH 3, the optimum temperature
for growth, the mode of transmission, and their diseases
Boli Infectioase ale Cainilor, Note de Curs, Parvoviroza, Hepatita Infectioasa, Distemper, Boala Carre, Diagnosticul si bazele terapiei in bolile infectioase,
Boli infectioase ale Cainilor Note de Curs Diagnostic si Profilaxie, Parvoviroza, Boala Carre, Dirofilarioza Canina, Boala Lime, Erlichioza, Babesioza, Modele de Intrebari si prezentarea cat mai succinta a metodologiei de diagnostic
Polio: flaccid paralysis, major and minor
disease, fecal-oral
Coxsackievirus A: vesicular diseases,
meningitis; coxsackievirus B (body):
pleurodynia, myocarditis
Other echovirus and enteroviruses: like
coxsackievirus
Rhinoviruses: common cold, acid labile, does
not replicate above 33° C
Biology, Virulence, and Disease
• Small size, icosahedral capsid, positive RNA
genome with terminal protein
• Genome is sufficient for infection
• Encodes RNA-dependent RNA polymerase,
replicates in cytoplasm
Enteroviruses
• Capsid virus resistant to inactivation
• Disease due to lytic infection of important
target tissue
• Polio: cytolytic infection of motor neurons of
anterior horn and brainstem, paralysis
• Coxsackievirus A: herpangina, hand-foot-
and-mouth disease, common cold,
meningitis
• Coxsackievirus B: pleurodynia, neonatal
myocarditis, type 1 diabetes
Rhinoviruses
• Acid labile and cannot replicate at body
temperature
• Restricted to upper respiratory tract
• Common cold
Epidemiology
• Enteroviruses transmitted by fecal-oral route
and aerosols
• Rhinoviruses transmitted by aerosols and
contact
Diagnosis
• Immune assays (ELISA) or RT-PCR genome
analysis of blood, CSF, or other relevant
sample
Treatment, Prevention, and Control
• OPV and IPV polio vaccines
P
icornaviridae is one of the largest families of viruses and
includes some of the most important human and animal
viruses (Box 46-1). As the name indicates, these viruses are
small (pico) ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses that have a
naked capsid structure. The family has more than 230
members divided into nine genera, including Enterovirus,
Rhinovirus, Hepatovirus (hepatitis A virus; discussed in
Chapter 55), Cardiovirus, and Aphthovirus. The enterovi-
ruses are distinguished from the rhinoviruses by the stabil-
ity of the capsid at pH 3, the optimum temperature
for growth, the mode of transmission, and their diseases
Boli Infectioase ale Cainilor, Note de Curs, Parvoviroza, Hepatita Infectioasa, Distemper, Boala Carre, Diagnosticul si bazele terapiei in bolile infectioase,
Boli infectioase ale Cainilor Note de Curs Diagnostic si Profilaxie, Parvoviroza, Boala Carre, Dirofilarioza Canina, Boala Lime, Erlichioza, Babesioza, Modele de Intrebari si prezentarea cat mai succinta a metodologiei de diagnostic
Panleucopenia felina, suspiciunea, imunoprofilaxia diagnosticul si combaterea metode de diagnostic uzuale terapia panleucopeniei, Curs anul 5 Dragos Cobzariu
Ce este variola maimutei | alternamed.roSorin Ciprian
Ce este variola maimuței?
Variola maimuței este o infecție rară, care a ajuns recent și în Europa și Statele Unite. În mod normal, ea există în anumite zone ale Africii Centrale și de Vest, fiind răspândită de către animalele sălbatice (este o zoonoză).
Infecția este dată de un virus din genul Orthopoxvirus (ce include și virusul variolei, responsabil de boala numită variolă, virusul vaccinia și virusul variolei bovine) familia Poxviridae. Există 2 variante genetice ale virusului, cea din Bazinul Congo (Africa Centrală) și varianta Vest-Africană.
Sursa: https://alternamed.ro/variola-maimutei/
Influenta agentilor microbieni imunosupresori (PRRS, Circovirus, Mycoplasma etc.) asupra eficientei programelor de imunoprofilaxie aplicate în unitatile de crestere a porcilor.
Oferta consumabile anesteziologie, Calce sodata, tuburi endotraheale, si element filtrare si stocare gaze postanestezie, baza unei anestezii inhalatorii fara riscuri pentru medicii veterinari
Certificarea si invatarea limbii engleze in sistem certificat intrernational. In cadrul simpozionului CYF Medical s-a oferit oportunitatea de a fi informati si a ne inscrie la aceaste cursuri.
Coronaviroza felina note de curs metode de diagnostic, profilaxie si combatere, patogeneza si etiologia coronavirozelor , Curs anul 5, Dragos Cobzariu , peritonita felina de natura infectioasa, siptomatologie tablou anatomopatologic.
Imunodeficienta felina si Leucemia Felina, boli infectioase ale felinelor, metodologie de diagnostic de suspiciune si confirmare, Boli infectioase anul 5 curs patologie felina, Dragos Cobzariu
2. Foarte contagioasa
Localizata la nivel respirator superior
Cu prevalenta ridicata desi vaccinam
Transmitere prin aerosoli si contact direct
FHV are rezistenta scazuta in mediu
◦ Inactivat in 18-24 ore
Pisicile raman purtatoare si eliminatoare pana
la 21 de zile de la infectie
13. Treatment de sustinere
Antivirale in special in infectiile oculare-risc
Vaccinarea cea mai buna preventie
Oamenii pot fi vectori pasivi in transmiterea
bolii la alte feline.
Anorexia este o problema
14. Aparitia acestora in ordine cronologica: În primul rând: IgM
Al doilea: IgA treia: IgG
Ac tip IgG neutralizanti pot fi prezenti pe tot parcursul vieții
si duc la: Neutralizarea virusului infectios
Liza mediată de complement a celulelor infectate
Ac-IgG pot fi prezenti în laptele matern –imunitate puilor
TOATE clasele de Ac pot neutraliza virusul DAR NUMAI IgG
și IgM pot media citoliza
În recuperarea rapida un rol important il are răspunsul imun
CELULAR dovedit la animale agammaglobulinemice infectate
cu FHV, dacă acestea au leucocitele in parametrii normali.
Limfocitele T citotoxice, celulele NK si macrofagele au rol
important in evolutia acută și în infecții recurente
19. Foarte contagioasa, rara la pisici mai
mari de 1 an!
Stomatite Ulcerative adesea
Afecteaza caile respiratorii superioare
Virus Rezistent in mediu
◦ Disinfectantele nu il distrug imediat
◦ Supravietuieste mai multe zile in mediu
Transmitere prin contactul direct cu
pisicile infectate
Vaccinarile reduc incidenta
20.
21. Agent etiologic - Calicivirusul felin virus ARN
Prezinta Capsida nu si Pericpasida cu dim 35-40 nm,
sim. Icosaedrala
Prezinta mai multe serotipuri ceea ce explica si de ce, vaccinul nu poate
proteja complet impotriva tuturor tulpinilor de FCV
Diferitele tulpini de FCV - variază în virulență
Unele sunt asociate cu infectia sublicinca, a aparatului respirator superior
Cele extrem de virulente pot produce pneumonie in special la pisoii mici.
22.
23. SEMNE CLINICE dupa o incubatie de 6 zile
◦ Febra
◦ Catar Ocular si Nasal
◦ Conjunctivite
◦ Ulcere ale cavitatii bucale, Stomatite
◦ Pneumonie
◦ Sindromul de schiopatat al pisoilor –consecinta
afectarii sinoviilor articulare.
24.
25.
26. Terapie de sustinere/complicatiile bacteriene
Vaccinarea este baza preventiei
Remiterea semnelor clinice dupa 5-7 zile
Vindecarea leziunilor cav. bucale dupa 5 zile
Anorexia trebuie combatuta
Purtatori si eliminatori inca 2-3 saptamani
Antivirale: Ribavirin, Interferon , Imunoglobuline
27.
28.
29.
30. Diagnosticul de certitudine se stabileste prin examene de
laborator, care au două obiective,evidentierea virusului si
evidentierea anticorpilor.
FCV poate fi evidentiat direct în materiale patologice (secretii,
tesut pulmonar) prin microscopie electronică, prin izolare si
cultivare, imunofluorescentă IF si prin PCR.
Virusul poate fi identificat prin virusneutralizare.
În epiteliile pentru care are tropism, FCV poate fi
evidentiat si imunohistochimic
Anticorpii specifici pot fi pusi în evidentă prin virus-neutralizare
si prin testul imunoenzimatic (ELISA), seroconversia confirmând
cu certitudine etiologia bolii .