In 2012 the Philippines launched its "K to 12" Program, a comprehensive reform of its basic education. Through this reform, the Philippines is catching up with global standards in secondary education and is attaching a high value to kindergarten
Principles and theories in curriculum developmentDrSindhuAlmas
What Is Curriculum
A Curriculum Will Answer
Difference Between Syllabus & Curriculum
Aims And Objectives
Curriculum Framework
Common Elements Of A Curriculum Framework
The Role Of Curriculum
This document provides guidance on developing effective lesson plans for adult education teachers. It outlines the basic components of a complete lesson plan, including learning objectives aligned with state standards, materials and resources, engaging activities, and assessments. Lesson plans are important as they help teachers design high-quality instruction that meets learners' needs and goals. The document also discusses benefits such as improved preparation, innovation, and knowledge. Templates and samples are included in the appendices.
The document discusses the key differences between a syllabus and curriculum. It states that a syllabus is a descriptive outline of topics to be covered in a course, usually drafted by the instructor, while a curriculum is the set of courses offered by a school and is prescriptive, being issued by the governing body. It provides examples of what a typical syllabus contains and the purposes it serves for students and instructors. The document also discusses the components of a curriculum and different types of syllabuses.
Principles & theories in curriculum development pptchxlabastilla
The document discusses the definition and purpose of curriculum from several perspectives. It describes curriculum as the total learning experience for students, including academic subjects as well as informal activities. An effective curriculum considers students' needs, sets clear learning outcomes, and outlines the content and teaching methods needed to achieve those outcomes. It provides order and structure for administrators, teachers, and students to ensure students receive a well-rounded education that prepares them for further education and career opportunities.
The document discusses key concepts related to curriculum development and implementation. It defines curricular policies as the rules and guidelines that control curriculum development and implementation. It also defines and distinguishes between curricular goals, fields of study, programs of study, courses of study, units of study, and lessons. Finally, it concludes that accurately differentiating between these curriculum components is important for effective curriculum planning.
This document provides an overview of curriculum and its key components. It defines curriculum as the totality of a student's educational experience, including both formal and informal learning. The four main components of curriculum are identified as aims and objectives, content, teaching methodology, and evaluation. Examples are given for each component, such as developing students' moral character for aims, and lectures and group work for teaching methodologies. The document also discusses curriculum development models, content selection procedures, characteristics of good textbooks, and differences between assessment and evaluation.
Lesson Plan Template – OverviewFor a more detailed explanati.docxsmile790243
Lesson Plan Template – Overview
For a more detailed explanation, including examples, of each section within the Lesson Plan Template, please view the Lesson Plan Handbook.
Content Area or Developmental Focus:
Age/Grade of Children:
Length of Lesson:
Goal
The goal is the purpose of the lesson.
Objective
The objective is what students will be able to know or do at the end of the lesson.
Standards Included
Standards are the knowledge or skills that students will be expected to demonstrate. Depending on the age of the children you are working with, you will choose the appropriate standard from the list below:
Birth to Age 3: Developmental Milestones. Click HERE to locate a developmental milestone checklist that includes developmental standards.
Ages 3 to 5: Early Learning Guidelines. Click HERE to locate the Early Learning Guidelines for your state.
Head Start Framework: If you work in a Head Start program, please click HERE to choose a standard from the Head Start Early Learning Framework.
K-3: Click HERE to locate the Kindergarten through 3rd grade standards for your state.
Materials
The materials section lists all items needed throughout a lesson.
Introduction
The introduction is how you will introduce the activity so your students are interested, engaged, and have the opportunity to think about any background knowledge/experience that they may have.
Lesson Development:
The lesson development section includes the steps that you will take to teach the lesson including any modeling, direct instruction, centers, etc. that will be utilized. Sometimes this is also referred to as the “procedures” section of the lesson plan.
Differentiation
Often times you will have students that you will need to include modifications for when you are developing a lesson. In this section you will need to explain how you could modify your lesson to meet the needs of the different children you are working with. These modifications may apply to the lesson development section, the practice/check for understanding section, or both.
Assessment
(Practice/ Checking for
Understanding)
Students are given the opportunity to apply what they have learned in a formal or informal way. You will need to describe what you will do to assess student learning. It can be through guided practice and/or independent practice. Guided practice allows students to demonstrate their understanding of the material while the teacher is present and can provide needed assistance. Independent practice might be group work, projects, or homework.
Closing
Here the ECE teacher/provider reviews the highlights of the lesson and brings closure to the activity.
Lesson Plan Template
Content Area or Developmental Focus:
Age/Grade of Children:
Length of Lesson:
Goal
Objective
Standards Included
Materials
Introduction
Lesson Development
Differentiation
Assessment
(Practice/ Checking for
Understanding)
Closing
References
Center on Enhancing Ea ...
Syllabus and curriculum are both important for education but have key distinctions. A syllabus is created by teachers and provides an overview of course goals and schedule, while a curriculum is set by governing bodies and lists all topics to be learned. A syllabus focuses on a specific class, whereas a curriculum describes all courses needed to complete a program. Curriculums are generally not distributed to students, but teachers provide syllabi on the first day of class to outline expectations and plans.
Principles and theories in curriculum developmentDrSindhuAlmas
What Is Curriculum
A Curriculum Will Answer
Difference Between Syllabus & Curriculum
Aims And Objectives
Curriculum Framework
Common Elements Of A Curriculum Framework
The Role Of Curriculum
This document provides guidance on developing effective lesson plans for adult education teachers. It outlines the basic components of a complete lesson plan, including learning objectives aligned with state standards, materials and resources, engaging activities, and assessments. Lesson plans are important as they help teachers design high-quality instruction that meets learners' needs and goals. The document also discusses benefits such as improved preparation, innovation, and knowledge. Templates and samples are included in the appendices.
The document discusses the key differences between a syllabus and curriculum. It states that a syllabus is a descriptive outline of topics to be covered in a course, usually drafted by the instructor, while a curriculum is the set of courses offered by a school and is prescriptive, being issued by the governing body. It provides examples of what a typical syllabus contains and the purposes it serves for students and instructors. The document also discusses the components of a curriculum and different types of syllabuses.
Principles & theories in curriculum development pptchxlabastilla
The document discusses the definition and purpose of curriculum from several perspectives. It describes curriculum as the total learning experience for students, including academic subjects as well as informal activities. An effective curriculum considers students' needs, sets clear learning outcomes, and outlines the content and teaching methods needed to achieve those outcomes. It provides order and structure for administrators, teachers, and students to ensure students receive a well-rounded education that prepares them for further education and career opportunities.
The document discusses key concepts related to curriculum development and implementation. It defines curricular policies as the rules and guidelines that control curriculum development and implementation. It also defines and distinguishes between curricular goals, fields of study, programs of study, courses of study, units of study, and lessons. Finally, it concludes that accurately differentiating between these curriculum components is important for effective curriculum planning.
This document provides an overview of curriculum and its key components. It defines curriculum as the totality of a student's educational experience, including both formal and informal learning. The four main components of curriculum are identified as aims and objectives, content, teaching methodology, and evaluation. Examples are given for each component, such as developing students' moral character for aims, and lectures and group work for teaching methodologies. The document also discusses curriculum development models, content selection procedures, characteristics of good textbooks, and differences between assessment and evaluation.
Lesson Plan Template – OverviewFor a more detailed explanati.docxsmile790243
Lesson Plan Template – Overview
For a more detailed explanation, including examples, of each section within the Lesson Plan Template, please view the Lesson Plan Handbook.
Content Area or Developmental Focus:
Age/Grade of Children:
Length of Lesson:
Goal
The goal is the purpose of the lesson.
Objective
The objective is what students will be able to know or do at the end of the lesson.
Standards Included
Standards are the knowledge or skills that students will be expected to demonstrate. Depending on the age of the children you are working with, you will choose the appropriate standard from the list below:
Birth to Age 3: Developmental Milestones. Click HERE to locate a developmental milestone checklist that includes developmental standards.
Ages 3 to 5: Early Learning Guidelines. Click HERE to locate the Early Learning Guidelines for your state.
Head Start Framework: If you work in a Head Start program, please click HERE to choose a standard from the Head Start Early Learning Framework.
K-3: Click HERE to locate the Kindergarten through 3rd grade standards for your state.
Materials
The materials section lists all items needed throughout a lesson.
Introduction
The introduction is how you will introduce the activity so your students are interested, engaged, and have the opportunity to think about any background knowledge/experience that they may have.
Lesson Development:
The lesson development section includes the steps that you will take to teach the lesson including any modeling, direct instruction, centers, etc. that will be utilized. Sometimes this is also referred to as the “procedures” section of the lesson plan.
Differentiation
Often times you will have students that you will need to include modifications for when you are developing a lesson. In this section you will need to explain how you could modify your lesson to meet the needs of the different children you are working with. These modifications may apply to the lesson development section, the practice/check for understanding section, or both.
Assessment
(Practice/ Checking for
Understanding)
Students are given the opportunity to apply what they have learned in a formal or informal way. You will need to describe what you will do to assess student learning. It can be through guided practice and/or independent practice. Guided practice allows students to demonstrate their understanding of the material while the teacher is present and can provide needed assistance. Independent practice might be group work, projects, or homework.
Closing
Here the ECE teacher/provider reviews the highlights of the lesson and brings closure to the activity.
Lesson Plan Template
Content Area or Developmental Focus:
Age/Grade of Children:
Length of Lesson:
Goal
Objective
Standards Included
Materials
Introduction
Lesson Development
Differentiation
Assessment
(Practice/ Checking for
Understanding)
Closing
References
Center on Enhancing Ea ...
Syllabus and curriculum are both important for education but have key distinctions. A syllabus is created by teachers and provides an overview of course goals and schedule, while a curriculum is set by governing bodies and lists all topics to be learned. A syllabus focuses on a specific class, whereas a curriculum describes all courses needed to complete a program. Curriculums are generally not distributed to students, but teachers provide syllabi on the first day of class to outline expectations and plans.
The document discusses the need for universities to adopt scientific principles of curriculum development when designing their syllabus documents. Currently, university syllabi are lacking important information and not meeting stakeholder expectations. Proper curriculum documents should include objectives, assessment guidelines, time allocation and resource requirements. Adopting curriculum development practices could help reform university teaching and examinations by creating more valid and reliable question papers. Universities should learn from the curriculum development cells in Maharashtra polytechnics to improve their syllabus documents.
TEACHER SUPPORT CURRICULUM- DESIGNING TEACHER GUIDES, SUBJECT RESOURCE MODULESSANA FATIMA
TEACHER SUPPORT CURRICULUM- DESIGNING TEACHER GUIDES, SUBJECT RESOURCE MODULES
TEACHER GUIDES:
Teacher Guides support teachers in five key areas:
Planning:
Teaching approaches:
Assessment:
Learning environment:
SUBJECT RESOURCE MODULES:
MODULES ARE USED TO:
THREE KEY THINGS THAT ARE IMPORTANT WHILE DESIGNING A MODULE FOR ANY SUBJECT:
1. Be clear about the module purposes and aspirations for student participants and communicate these to students:
2. Make sure your module is constructively aligned (the learner actively constructs their own understanding and all teaching and assessment are aligned with outcomes the intended).
3. Considering the course in context (department, institution, sector):
This document discusses different levels of planning for instruction - year plan, unit plan, and lesson plan. It provides details on each type of plan: a year plan covers instruction for the whole academic year; a unit plan is for a segment of the course and breaks it into meaningful parts; and a lesson plan focuses on the objectives and activities for a single class period. Effective planning at each level helps ensure a systematic approach to teaching and learning goals.
Curriculum is one of the most important things that an aspiring teacher needs to know. This will help teacher identify different types of curriculum to be able to give a quality education to learners.
The curriculum is the planned interaction of learners with instructional content, materials, resources, and processes for evaluating educational objectives. It includes goals and objectives, content or subject matter, methods, learning experiences, and assessment. The curriculum is broader than the syllabus, which provides details on topics, materials, expectations, and evaluation for a particular course. State bodies like the SCERT are responsible for developing the curriculum and advising on policy, while examining boards and teachers prepare more specific syllabi. Curricula aim to connect learning to life outside of school and encourage active, collaborative construction of knowledge.
The document discusses key principles for curriculum planning:
1. The curriculum should be broad, balanced, consistent, and provide clear progression for learners.
2. The instructional system, including curriculum, pedagogy, and assessment, should be well-aligned to maximize learner achievement.
3. The curriculum should support the development of confident, responsible, reflective, innovative learners and teachers.
The document discusses school curriculum and the role of teachers. It explains that there are different types of curriculum - the recommended curriculum, written curriculum, taught curriculum, supported curriculum, assessed curriculum, learned curriculum, and hidden curriculum. It also describes how teachers plan lessons, implement lessons through various teaching strategies, and assess learning outcomes to determine if their objectives were achieved. Teachers must understand the different curricula, write lesson plans aligned with objectives and assessment, and ensure learning takes place.
Group 1 Fundamentals of Curriculum Designing.pdfEdselMata
The document discusses curriculum design and its key components. It begins with an overview of Peter Oliva's 10 axioms for curriculum development, which include that curriculum change is inevitable and necessary, curriculum reflects the times, and curriculum development is a cooperative process. It then covers the main elements of curriculum design, such as intended learning outcomes, subject matter, teaching methods, and assessment. The document provides examples and details for properly constructing each of these components for effective curriculum design. It emphasizes that curriculum design should follow systematic processes and be comprehensive rather than piecemeal.
The document discusses the definition of curriculum. It can refer to the subjects comprising a course of study, but also encompasses broader concepts like the lessons, academic content, learning standards and objectives taught in a school. Curriculum takes many forms and can include elements like assignments, materials, assessments and more. It is a complex concept that is interpreted differently depending on whether one is referring to an individual teacher's curriculum, a school's academic program, or curriculum on a broader scale. Curriculum is often the target of reforms aimed at standardization, alignment with standards or improving teaching quality.
Learningoutcomesandlearningexperiencesfortechnicallydevelopedcurriculumprojec...Ching Nemis
The document discusses curriculum design and the development of learning outcomes and experiences. It defines key terms like intended learning outcomes, aims, goals, and objectives. Intended learning outcomes represent what learners are expected to be able to do with curriculum content. Aims are general statements of purpose, goals are more measurable but still broad, and objectives are narrow and specific. Objectives provide direction for instruction and assessment. Effective learning experiences are determined by outlining the purpose, outcomes, assessment, content, and resources. The document also discusses alternative approaches to local curriculum decision making, with examples of school-based and district-level processes.
This document discusses curriculum development at Bulacan State University College of Education. It provides numerous definitions of curriculum, including that curriculum encompasses the intended, taught, and learned experiences of students. Principles for curriculum design include linking national goals to assessments and involving teachers. Curriculum should focus on skills and values, not just facts. Effective evaluation examines the intended, taught and learned curriculum. The document also discusses curriculum approaches, components, and designs.
A curriculum framework is a document that sets standards for curriculum and provides guidance for subject specialists in developing syllabuses. It describes the educational environment in which syllabuses are developed and defines a set of curriculum standards that allow different curricula to co-exist. A curriculum framework is significant for school education as it helps achieve the goals of developing well-rounded students, preparing them for their future roles in society, and enabling them to interpret and evaluate the world around them.
Examination of relevant syllabi and curriculum guidesleesha roberts
The document outlines Trinidad and Tobago's curriculum development process, which involves designing curricula through consultation with stakeholders, developing written curriculum documents, implementing curricula through teacher training, monitoring classroom practice, evaluating curricula effectiveness through data analysis, and reviewing curricula based on evaluation findings. Key aspects of the process include establishing philosophical underpinnings and goals, producing resource materials, providing technical support to schools, and identifying deficiencies to inform corrective actions.
Administrative model(Saylor-Alexander-Lewis) Curriculum Development ModelDr. Priyamvada Saarsar
The administrative model of curriculum development is a top-down approach where major curriculum decisions are made by administrators rather than teachers. It emphasizes standardization, efficiency, and centralized control. According to this model, curriculum designers start by outlining educational objectives in domains like personal development, social competencies, continued learning skills, and specialization. They then design the curriculum and implement instructional strategies to achieve the objectives. Both formative and summative evaluation are used to provide feedback and determine whether to modify or eliminate the curriculum plan.
The document discusses curriculum development and definitions of curriculum. It provides multiple definitions of curriculum from different perspectives, such as everything that happens in schools, a plan for achieving goals, and the experiences of learners. The curriculum encompasses intended, taught, and learned components. It also discusses curriculum approaches, elements, designs, types operating in schools, and principles for curriculum design. The document concludes by outlining a new teacher education curriculum for bachelor's in secondary education.
This document outlines the importance of lesson planning for teachers. It discusses the key elements that should be included in a lesson plan such as learning objectives, instructional strategies, and assessment. A lesson plan should follow the curriculum standards and guide learning through an introduction, body, and conclusion. Lesson planning is necessary to effectively facilitate learning in the classroom and ensure students are able to meet expected outcomes.
The document discusses the vocationalization of education in developing countries from a political and economic perspective rather than just an educational one. It argues that vocationalization has been approached differently in developing countries compared to developed countries due to factors like their social and economic structures, role as price-takers on the world market, and development strategies used. Specifically, the problems arising from efforts to vocationalize school curriculums in developing countries are often more complex due to these contextual differences. While vocational education aims to improve workforce skills, political leaders in developing countries have not always implemented it in a way that considers their unique economic realities and resource constraints.
The document discusses different types of curriculum, including the intended curriculum, implemented curriculum, achieved curriculum, tested curriculum, and hidden curriculum. It also defines curriculum as a list of subjects, learning experiences, intended learning outcomes, and planned learning experiences. The types of curriculum help to understand what is planned for students to learn, what is actually taught, what students achieve, and what is learned outside the classroom.
This document provides an overview of the Introduction to Computer Aided Design I (CAD I) course for grades 9-12. The course is designed to teach students how to use AutoCAD software to model construction projects and create basic 2D and 3D drawings. The pacing guide outlines 8 units that will be covered over the school year, including introductions to 2D and 3D modeling in AutoCAD, architectural drawing, 3D printing, and more. Students will develop skills in areas such as technical drawing, modeling, prototyping, and applying the design process. The overall goals are for students to understand how CAD is used in various fields and be prepared for further education in related areas.
This document discusses educational philosophies and the importance of philosophy in curriculum design. It defines philosophy as the love of wisdom and examines four main educational philosophies: perennialism, essentialism, reconstructionism, and progressivism. Perennialism focuses on transmitting timeless knowledge from great works, while progressivism emphasizes learning through experience and pursuing interests. Essentialism teaches necessary skills, and reconstructionism aims to create social reform through education. The document also discusses the three domains of learning - cognitive, affective, and psychomotor - and notes that it is important for teachers to ensure all three domains are achieved in their lessons.
What is the meaning of equipment and tools?
A tool can be any item that is used to achieve a goal. Equipment usually denotes a set of tools that are used to achieve a specific objective. • A tool can be non-mechanical as well. However, when one says equipment, there is a certain mechanical aspect to it that cannot be ignored
The document discusses the need for universities to adopt scientific principles of curriculum development when designing their syllabus documents. Currently, university syllabi are lacking important information and not meeting stakeholder expectations. Proper curriculum documents should include objectives, assessment guidelines, time allocation and resource requirements. Adopting curriculum development practices could help reform university teaching and examinations by creating more valid and reliable question papers. Universities should learn from the curriculum development cells in Maharashtra polytechnics to improve their syllabus documents.
TEACHER SUPPORT CURRICULUM- DESIGNING TEACHER GUIDES, SUBJECT RESOURCE MODULESSANA FATIMA
TEACHER SUPPORT CURRICULUM- DESIGNING TEACHER GUIDES, SUBJECT RESOURCE MODULES
TEACHER GUIDES:
Teacher Guides support teachers in five key areas:
Planning:
Teaching approaches:
Assessment:
Learning environment:
SUBJECT RESOURCE MODULES:
MODULES ARE USED TO:
THREE KEY THINGS THAT ARE IMPORTANT WHILE DESIGNING A MODULE FOR ANY SUBJECT:
1. Be clear about the module purposes and aspirations for student participants and communicate these to students:
2. Make sure your module is constructively aligned (the learner actively constructs their own understanding and all teaching and assessment are aligned with outcomes the intended).
3. Considering the course in context (department, institution, sector):
This document discusses different levels of planning for instruction - year plan, unit plan, and lesson plan. It provides details on each type of plan: a year plan covers instruction for the whole academic year; a unit plan is for a segment of the course and breaks it into meaningful parts; and a lesson plan focuses on the objectives and activities for a single class period. Effective planning at each level helps ensure a systematic approach to teaching and learning goals.
Curriculum is one of the most important things that an aspiring teacher needs to know. This will help teacher identify different types of curriculum to be able to give a quality education to learners.
The curriculum is the planned interaction of learners with instructional content, materials, resources, and processes for evaluating educational objectives. It includes goals and objectives, content or subject matter, methods, learning experiences, and assessment. The curriculum is broader than the syllabus, which provides details on topics, materials, expectations, and evaluation for a particular course. State bodies like the SCERT are responsible for developing the curriculum and advising on policy, while examining boards and teachers prepare more specific syllabi. Curricula aim to connect learning to life outside of school and encourage active, collaborative construction of knowledge.
The document discusses key principles for curriculum planning:
1. The curriculum should be broad, balanced, consistent, and provide clear progression for learners.
2. The instructional system, including curriculum, pedagogy, and assessment, should be well-aligned to maximize learner achievement.
3. The curriculum should support the development of confident, responsible, reflective, innovative learners and teachers.
The document discusses school curriculum and the role of teachers. It explains that there are different types of curriculum - the recommended curriculum, written curriculum, taught curriculum, supported curriculum, assessed curriculum, learned curriculum, and hidden curriculum. It also describes how teachers plan lessons, implement lessons through various teaching strategies, and assess learning outcomes to determine if their objectives were achieved. Teachers must understand the different curricula, write lesson plans aligned with objectives and assessment, and ensure learning takes place.
Group 1 Fundamentals of Curriculum Designing.pdfEdselMata
The document discusses curriculum design and its key components. It begins with an overview of Peter Oliva's 10 axioms for curriculum development, which include that curriculum change is inevitable and necessary, curriculum reflects the times, and curriculum development is a cooperative process. It then covers the main elements of curriculum design, such as intended learning outcomes, subject matter, teaching methods, and assessment. The document provides examples and details for properly constructing each of these components for effective curriculum design. It emphasizes that curriculum design should follow systematic processes and be comprehensive rather than piecemeal.
The document discusses the definition of curriculum. It can refer to the subjects comprising a course of study, but also encompasses broader concepts like the lessons, academic content, learning standards and objectives taught in a school. Curriculum takes many forms and can include elements like assignments, materials, assessments and more. It is a complex concept that is interpreted differently depending on whether one is referring to an individual teacher's curriculum, a school's academic program, or curriculum on a broader scale. Curriculum is often the target of reforms aimed at standardization, alignment with standards or improving teaching quality.
Learningoutcomesandlearningexperiencesfortechnicallydevelopedcurriculumprojec...Ching Nemis
The document discusses curriculum design and the development of learning outcomes and experiences. It defines key terms like intended learning outcomes, aims, goals, and objectives. Intended learning outcomes represent what learners are expected to be able to do with curriculum content. Aims are general statements of purpose, goals are more measurable but still broad, and objectives are narrow and specific. Objectives provide direction for instruction and assessment. Effective learning experiences are determined by outlining the purpose, outcomes, assessment, content, and resources. The document also discusses alternative approaches to local curriculum decision making, with examples of school-based and district-level processes.
This document discusses curriculum development at Bulacan State University College of Education. It provides numerous definitions of curriculum, including that curriculum encompasses the intended, taught, and learned experiences of students. Principles for curriculum design include linking national goals to assessments and involving teachers. Curriculum should focus on skills and values, not just facts. Effective evaluation examines the intended, taught and learned curriculum. The document also discusses curriculum approaches, components, and designs.
A curriculum framework is a document that sets standards for curriculum and provides guidance for subject specialists in developing syllabuses. It describes the educational environment in which syllabuses are developed and defines a set of curriculum standards that allow different curricula to co-exist. A curriculum framework is significant for school education as it helps achieve the goals of developing well-rounded students, preparing them for their future roles in society, and enabling them to interpret and evaluate the world around them.
Examination of relevant syllabi and curriculum guidesleesha roberts
The document outlines Trinidad and Tobago's curriculum development process, which involves designing curricula through consultation with stakeholders, developing written curriculum documents, implementing curricula through teacher training, monitoring classroom practice, evaluating curricula effectiveness through data analysis, and reviewing curricula based on evaluation findings. Key aspects of the process include establishing philosophical underpinnings and goals, producing resource materials, providing technical support to schools, and identifying deficiencies to inform corrective actions.
Administrative model(Saylor-Alexander-Lewis) Curriculum Development ModelDr. Priyamvada Saarsar
The administrative model of curriculum development is a top-down approach where major curriculum decisions are made by administrators rather than teachers. It emphasizes standardization, efficiency, and centralized control. According to this model, curriculum designers start by outlining educational objectives in domains like personal development, social competencies, continued learning skills, and specialization. They then design the curriculum and implement instructional strategies to achieve the objectives. Both formative and summative evaluation are used to provide feedback and determine whether to modify or eliminate the curriculum plan.
The document discusses curriculum development and definitions of curriculum. It provides multiple definitions of curriculum from different perspectives, such as everything that happens in schools, a plan for achieving goals, and the experiences of learners. The curriculum encompasses intended, taught, and learned components. It also discusses curriculum approaches, elements, designs, types operating in schools, and principles for curriculum design. The document concludes by outlining a new teacher education curriculum for bachelor's in secondary education.
This document outlines the importance of lesson planning for teachers. It discusses the key elements that should be included in a lesson plan such as learning objectives, instructional strategies, and assessment. A lesson plan should follow the curriculum standards and guide learning through an introduction, body, and conclusion. Lesson planning is necessary to effectively facilitate learning in the classroom and ensure students are able to meet expected outcomes.
The document discusses the vocationalization of education in developing countries from a political and economic perspective rather than just an educational one. It argues that vocationalization has been approached differently in developing countries compared to developed countries due to factors like their social and economic structures, role as price-takers on the world market, and development strategies used. Specifically, the problems arising from efforts to vocationalize school curriculums in developing countries are often more complex due to these contextual differences. While vocational education aims to improve workforce skills, political leaders in developing countries have not always implemented it in a way that considers their unique economic realities and resource constraints.
The document discusses different types of curriculum, including the intended curriculum, implemented curriculum, achieved curriculum, tested curriculum, and hidden curriculum. It also defines curriculum as a list of subjects, learning experiences, intended learning outcomes, and planned learning experiences. The types of curriculum help to understand what is planned for students to learn, what is actually taught, what students achieve, and what is learned outside the classroom.
This document provides an overview of the Introduction to Computer Aided Design I (CAD I) course for grades 9-12. The course is designed to teach students how to use AutoCAD software to model construction projects and create basic 2D and 3D drawings. The pacing guide outlines 8 units that will be covered over the school year, including introductions to 2D and 3D modeling in AutoCAD, architectural drawing, 3D printing, and more. Students will develop skills in areas such as technical drawing, modeling, prototyping, and applying the design process. The overall goals are for students to understand how CAD is used in various fields and be prepared for further education in related areas.
This document discusses educational philosophies and the importance of philosophy in curriculum design. It defines philosophy as the love of wisdom and examines four main educational philosophies: perennialism, essentialism, reconstructionism, and progressivism. Perennialism focuses on transmitting timeless knowledge from great works, while progressivism emphasizes learning through experience and pursuing interests. Essentialism teaches necessary skills, and reconstructionism aims to create social reform through education. The document also discusses the three domains of learning - cognitive, affective, and psychomotor - and notes that it is important for teachers to ensure all three domains are achieved in their lessons.
What is the meaning of equipment and tools?
A tool can be any item that is used to achieve a goal. Equipment usually denotes a set of tools that are used to achieve a specific objective. • A tool can be non-mechanical as well. However, when one says equipment, there is a certain mechanical aspect to it that cannot be ignored
Ethics- refers to the standards and conduct of behavior of an individual or professional group.
Etiquette- rules governing socially acceptable behavior.
origin of the word Massage
Arabic- “Mass” to touch
China- “Massier” to knead
French- “Masser” to shampoo
The ancient work of Kung Fu teach the benefits of massage and dated back 3000 B.C.
Chinese practised massage to cure ailments and improve general health
“The Cong Fau of Tao-Tse contains list of exercises and massage to improve general health and well being
benefits of massage
REDUCES STRESS
REDUCES AND ELIMINATE PAIN
INCREASES BLOOD CIRCULATION
BOOST IMMUNE SYSTEM
INCREASES MOTION AND FLEXIBILITY
IMPROVES POST SURGERY RECOVERY
RELIEVES HEADACHE AND MIGRAINE
Vital Signs-Is the best indicator to evaluate client/patient’s status.
Temperature-
The balance between heat produced and heat loss from the body.
FEVER- is only a symptom or first sign of infection
Standard Range: 36.5 to 37.5 degrees Celcius
Apparatus: Thermometer
CORE TEMPERATURE- temperature of the deep tissue of the body.
SURFACE TEMPERATURE- the temperature that rises and falls within in response to the environment.
This document is a lesson plan from a teacher for 9th grade learners on how to perform a basic foot massage. It begins with an introduction and outlines the objectives of the lesson which are to familiarize learners with foot massage techniques and correctly apply products and procedures. The document then provides detailed instructions on proper foot massage techniques like rubbing, kneading, and applying pressure to different areas of the foot. Learners are instructed to practice the techniques at home and record a video of themselves performing a foot massage to demonstrate their understanding.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
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In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
2. CURRICULUM STRUCTURE
The way in which the curriculum is organized,
including the subjects or learning areas, when they
must be studied and the ‘pattern’ in which they
must be studied. The curriculum may be composed,
for example, of core and elective subjects studied
with some variation between grades.
3. Curriculum is organized into three main sections:
1. Program Planning (general information)
2. Curriculum Context
(information for specific
curriculum)
3. Curriculum Expectations (what students learn)
and Teacher Supports (how students might learn).
4. 1. Program Planning
Program Planning information applies to the
curriculum in all subjects and disciplines in Grades
1 to 12. It provides the most up-to-date information
on policy governing education in publicly funded
schools across the province. For example, it
includes information regarding the creation of safe,
accepting and inclusive classrooms.
5. 2. Curriculum Context
Each curriculum has a section that supports the
teaching of the specific subjects. This section often
includes the vision and goals for the curriculum. It
also has information that guides educators as they
develop lessons and programs. For example, the
math curriculum has specific information about
how teachers approach mathematics education.
6. 3. Curriculum Expectations and Teacher Supports
The curriculum combines the curriculum
expectations (what students learn) with teacher
supports (how students might learn) while giving
teachers the flexibility to choose appropriate
resources and teaching strategies.
7. Curriculum Expectations
The curriculum for each subject or discipline is made up
of a set of learning expectations that outline the
knowledge and skills students are expected to learn and
apply by the end of a grade or course.
For each subject, expectations are arranged into sections
(or strands) to help with organization. However,
educators look at the learning goals across the entire
grade or course as they plan for and develop lessons and
learning activities.
8. Curriculum expectations are mandatory, and courses of study and classroom
programs in each grade must be developed from them.
There are two sets of curriculum expectations – overall expectations and specific
expectations.
Overall expectations describe in general terms the knowledge and skills that
students are expected to demonstrate by the end of each grade.
Specific expectations describe the expected knowledge and skills in greater detail.
They are often organized under numbered subheadings, so that they can be
identified within the overall expectation.
While the expectations are arranged into sections to help with organization,
educators look at the learning goals across the entire grade or course as they plan
for and develop lessons and learning activities.
9. Teacher Supports
Curriculum expectations are often accompanied by optional “teacher
supports” that give educators tools, examples and resources related to
specific learning goals.
Teacher supports are for educators to use to help them plan their work in
the classroom but are not a mandatory component of the curriculum.
Teacher supports may include examples, sample teacher prompts and
other teaching resources. These show how students may achieve the
learning outlined in the curriculum expectations. Teachers can choose to
use the examples and prompts that work for their classrooms, or they
may develop their own approaches.