1. The document discusses public debate around mobile radio technology and "electrosmog" in Germany, where over 71 million people now use mobile phones. There is disagreement between expert and layperson risk assessments of mobile technology.
2. It outlines the different stakeholders in dialogue about mobile infrastructure - including politics, research, churches, associations, and citizens' initiatives. While dialogue usually occurs on an objective level with most groups, discussions with local citizens' initiatives tend to be more emotional.
3. Mobile network operators aim to build trust through transparency and participation in dialogue. However, establishing credibility and finding effective solutions can be difficult when stereotypical behaviors and emotional reactions inhibit productive discussion. The document suggests guidelines for facilitating more
1. The document discusses theories around computer-mediated communication (CMC) and how it compares to face-to-face communication. CMC has advantages like reducing status hierarchies but lacks nonverbal cues.
2. Media richness theory states that face-to-face is the "richest" medium due to simultaneous cues, while CMC is leaner. However, modern technologies can compensate for some limitations.
3. The document concludes that planners need a comprehensive understanding of human barriers to using CMC, as well as its advantages and limitations, to effectively use virtual tools for collaborative planning.
Communications needs of global and virtual project teamsSomashekar S.M
This document discusses the communication needs of global and virtual project teams. It notes that as organizations operate more globally and virtually, project teams are increasingly dispersed across locations and organizations. Effective communication is critical for virtual and global teams to operate successfully. The document examines some of the unique communication challenges of these teams, such as cultural and location differences, and recommends methods like clarifying roles and responsibilities in a project charter. It also explores different communication technologies that can help support virtual collaboration.
Opinion leadership and diffusion networksRaj Patel
The document discusses opinion leadership and the role of change agents in the diffusion of innovations. It defines opinion leadership as the degree to which individuals can informally influence others' attitudes or behaviors regarding innovations. Change agents work to facilitate the adoption of innovations by bridging the gap between change agencies and client systems. The success of change agents depends on factors like the extent of their efforts to contact clients and being oriented toward clients' needs rather than the change agency. The document also examines models of communication flow, characteristics of opinion leaders, and the roles and challenges of change agents.
This document provides an executive summary of a report on the impact of media on children and young people, with a focus on computer games and the internet. Some of the key points covered in the summary include:
1) The report aims to provide an overview of the research literature on media effects and focuses on computer games and the internet, as well as discussing research on television. Both harmful and beneficial effects are discussed.
2) Concerns about media harming children have a long history and reflect broader anxieties about society. This climate of concern has affected research in the field.
3) Research has explored many different types of potential negative effects that vary in terms of what is affected (e.g.
Baym, nancy k. (2015). personal connections in the digital ageRAJU852744
This document summarizes Nancy Baym's book "Personal Connections in the Digital Age" which examines how people incorporate digital media like the internet and mobile phones into their relationships. The book identifies seven key concepts for differentiating digital media: interactivity, temporal structure, social cues, storage, replicability, reach, and mobility. It uses these concepts to compare different media and explore how capabilities of various digital platforms influence relationship formation and maintenance.
Edelman 2010 Capital Staffers Index WhitepaperEdelman Digital
The 2010 Capital Staffers Index takes a closer look at how members of parliaments and the U.S. Congress and their constituents alike are embracing social media, from blogs to texting to Facebook and Twitter.
Gibbs & Raman PCST2012 Making Technologies and their Publics Visible in Scien...BevGibbs
This document summarizes a paper presented at the 12th International Public Communication of Science and Technology Conference in April 2012. The paper examines how publics form around emerging technologies, distinguishing between "upstream" and "downstream" engagement. Upstream engagement occurs early in technology development when implications are unclear, allowing organizers more control over publics. Downstream engagement happens when technologies are tangible, so publics are more likely to emerge from civil society in response to specific impacts. The paper uses two Scottish renewable energy cases to illustrate how publics emerge in response to local wind farms and concerns over global biomass sourcing. While organizers can shape upstream publics, downstream technologies make wider socio-technical networks and uninvited publics more
"Understanding Broadband from the Outside" - ARNIC Seminar April1 08ARNIC
The document discusses various approaches to understanding broadband and technology from a community perspective, including:
1. Starting with community needs and involving local stakeholders.
2. Considering multiple perspectives from fields like development, education, and natural resource management.
3. Using systems thinking and participatory action research to understand complex relationships and emergent behaviors.
1. The document discusses theories around computer-mediated communication (CMC) and how it compares to face-to-face communication. CMC has advantages like reducing status hierarchies but lacks nonverbal cues.
2. Media richness theory states that face-to-face is the "richest" medium due to simultaneous cues, while CMC is leaner. However, modern technologies can compensate for some limitations.
3. The document concludes that planners need a comprehensive understanding of human barriers to using CMC, as well as its advantages and limitations, to effectively use virtual tools for collaborative planning.
Communications needs of global and virtual project teamsSomashekar S.M
This document discusses the communication needs of global and virtual project teams. It notes that as organizations operate more globally and virtually, project teams are increasingly dispersed across locations and organizations. Effective communication is critical for virtual and global teams to operate successfully. The document examines some of the unique communication challenges of these teams, such as cultural and location differences, and recommends methods like clarifying roles and responsibilities in a project charter. It also explores different communication technologies that can help support virtual collaboration.
Opinion leadership and diffusion networksRaj Patel
The document discusses opinion leadership and the role of change agents in the diffusion of innovations. It defines opinion leadership as the degree to which individuals can informally influence others' attitudes or behaviors regarding innovations. Change agents work to facilitate the adoption of innovations by bridging the gap between change agencies and client systems. The success of change agents depends on factors like the extent of their efforts to contact clients and being oriented toward clients' needs rather than the change agency. The document also examines models of communication flow, characteristics of opinion leaders, and the roles and challenges of change agents.
This document provides an executive summary of a report on the impact of media on children and young people, with a focus on computer games and the internet. Some of the key points covered in the summary include:
1) The report aims to provide an overview of the research literature on media effects and focuses on computer games and the internet, as well as discussing research on television. Both harmful and beneficial effects are discussed.
2) Concerns about media harming children have a long history and reflect broader anxieties about society. This climate of concern has affected research in the field.
3) Research has explored many different types of potential negative effects that vary in terms of what is affected (e.g.
Baym, nancy k. (2015). personal connections in the digital ageRAJU852744
This document summarizes Nancy Baym's book "Personal Connections in the Digital Age" which examines how people incorporate digital media like the internet and mobile phones into their relationships. The book identifies seven key concepts for differentiating digital media: interactivity, temporal structure, social cues, storage, replicability, reach, and mobility. It uses these concepts to compare different media and explore how capabilities of various digital platforms influence relationship formation and maintenance.
Edelman 2010 Capital Staffers Index WhitepaperEdelman Digital
The 2010 Capital Staffers Index takes a closer look at how members of parliaments and the U.S. Congress and their constituents alike are embracing social media, from blogs to texting to Facebook and Twitter.
Gibbs & Raman PCST2012 Making Technologies and their Publics Visible in Scien...BevGibbs
This document summarizes a paper presented at the 12th International Public Communication of Science and Technology Conference in April 2012. The paper examines how publics form around emerging technologies, distinguishing between "upstream" and "downstream" engagement. Upstream engagement occurs early in technology development when implications are unclear, allowing organizers more control over publics. Downstream engagement happens when technologies are tangible, so publics are more likely to emerge from civil society in response to specific impacts. The paper uses two Scottish renewable energy cases to illustrate how publics emerge in response to local wind farms and concerns over global biomass sourcing. While organizers can shape upstream publics, downstream technologies make wider socio-technical networks and uninvited publics more
"Understanding Broadband from the Outside" - ARNIC Seminar April1 08ARNIC
The document discusses various approaches to understanding broadband and technology from a community perspective, including:
1. Starting with community needs and involving local stakeholders.
2. Considering multiple perspectives from fields like development, education, and natural resource management.
3. Using systems thinking and participatory action research to understand complex relationships and emergent behaviors.
The document discusses the foundation of business communication. It defines communication as the process of sharing information between senders and receivers using various channels. There are three main types of internal communication in businesses: downward communication which flows from upper to lower levels, upward communication which flows from lower to upper levels, and horizontal communication which occurs between the same levels. Effective communication in businesses provides benefits like stronger decision making, faster problem solving, and increased productivity.
Observation of Katrina/Rita Groove Deployment: Addressing Social and Communi...Shelly D. Farnham, Ph.D.
In disaster environments, relief workers have a have strong need for ad ho communication and coordination, but are in an extremely challenged communication environment. This presentation summarizes findings of a study of a peer-to-peer communication technology (Groove) used by relief workers following Katrina, and based on results makes design recommendations.
This document discusses interpersonal communication and defines it as the process of meaningful interaction among human beings where meanings are exchanged to produce understanding. It discusses the importance of communication for functioning in society and organizations. It also outlines three main methods of communication - oral, written, and non-verbal - and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages.
Dr.Kretov Kirill on interpersonal communication (methods, process, and barriers)drkretov
Present article is a part of Master Thesis written and successfully defended by Dr. Kretov Kirill (Master of Arts in Human Resource Management and Doctor of Business Administration) in May 2007, Geneva, Switzerland. The primary objective of this present article is to discuss communication: define the concept of communication, explain the communication process in its entirety and enumerate factors which may improve its efficiency.
URLS:
EyeComTec.Com
LAZgroup.com
This document discusses how couples use technology as a means of relational maintenance. It defines relational maintenance as the efforts to sustain intimacy and satisfaction in a relationship. Relational maintenance involves strategies like positivity, openness, and sharing tasks. The study examines how computer-mediated communication (CMC) facilitates the strategy of openness more than face-to-face interaction, as people feel more comfortable self-disclosing personal information online. Research shows couples frequently use media like cell phones to communicate affection and disclose more freely to each other through CMC than in person due to lack of non-verbal cues. The document analyzes how technology provides couples new avenues to utilize relational maintenance strategies.
The document discusses the potential for developing an Online Family Dispute Resolution (OFDR) service in Australia. It notes that OFDR could broaden access to dispute resolution services for geographically dispersed families and complement existing telephone and in-person services. Benefits mentioned include lower costs than litigation and the ability to provide educational resources and simulated practice to better prepare disputing parties. However, it also notes that some may be disadvantaged by online formats and that traditional in-person services will remain important. Further research is needed on topics like online learning design and competencies required of practitioners.
Literature review on the impact of public access to information and communica...Dr Lendy Spires
This document summarizes a literature review of research on the impacts of public access to information and communication technologies. The review found limited conclusive evidence on the downstream impacts of public access to ICTs. Some studies found impacts in areas like skill development and job creation, while others found limited impacts. More research is needed that quantifies impacts across different contexts using consistent methodologies.
Web and mobile emergency networks to real-time information and geodata management.
Authors: DI LOLLI - LANFRANCO - LOMBARDO - RAPISARDI
VVF TAS Torino | Università di Torino | NatRisk | Open Resilience
This document discusses using crowdsourcing and collaborative mapping during emergency responses. It describes an exercise where citizens reported missing person locations in real-time to emergency responders. The exercise highlighted opportunities to improve data sharing and geolocation across organizations. Web and mobile technologies can enable broader collaboration and use of real-time geodata to better inform emergency response and the public. However, challenges remain around data reliability, validation procedures, and organizational adoption of new approaches.
1) Electronic participation refers to ICT-supported participation in government and governance processes, including administration, service delivery, decision making, and policy making.
2) NGOs have needs in the area of e-participation including partnerships, education/training, funding, technical support, and human resources.
3) There are challenges to e-participation development in Southeast Europe including a development gap, unclear best practices, and political, social, cultural and legal issues that require cross-border cooperation and a regional approach.
This chapter discusses communication in organizations. It describes the communication process, different types of communication including oral, written and non-verbal. It contrasts advantages and disadvantages of oral versus written communication. It also compares different types of communication networks, identifies factors that influence grapevine communication, and discusses how computer technologies are changing organizational communication. Additionally, it identifies common barriers to effective communication and potential issues with cross-cultural communication.
Damásio et al, 'Mobile Devices as drivers of Social Capital' at Communities i...Agnes Gulyas
Manuel José Damásio, Patrícia Dias, Sara Henriques and Inês Teixeira-Botelho, CICANT and Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Portugal, ‘Mobile Devices as drivers of Social Capital: How can apps’ change communication dynamics within a community’ presented at 'Communities in the Digital Age' International Symposium, Canterbury Christ Church University, UK, 12 June 2013
Effect of technology on personal communicationAbid Momand
The document discusses the undesirable effects of technology on personal communication. While technology has enabled new forms of communication, it has negatively impacted valuable in-person interactions. Face-to-face communication is more effective than electronic communication as it allows people to connect on a deeper level through body language, facial expressions, and empathy. Several studies have shown that as internet and technology use increases, time spent socializing in person decreases, and empathy and social skills among youth have declined. True emotional support and meaningful exchanges of information require in-person communication that virtual interactions cannot replace.
Concurrent Distractions: A Cross-Cultural Study of Media Multitasking BehaviorAJHSSR Journal
This document summarizes research on concurrent media distractions and media multitasking behavior from a cross-cultural perspective. It discusses how media usage and media multitasking has increased globally due to proliferation of mobile devices. It reviews literature on types and causes of multitasking, and effects on cognition, learning, academic performance, and evolving media consumption patterns. Demographic factors like age and gender that influence multitasking behavior are also examined. Studies find younger generations and digital natives are more likely to multitask and own more devices, while negative impacts include decreased performance, attention, and memory.
I interviewed the experts in MROCs -- here's what I learned from them, and presented to a professional conference in Prague in 2010.
This is the detailed paper that accompanied the presentation.
The Knowledge Gap Hypothesis proposes that as the mass media disseminates information to a social system, those with higher socioeconomic status will acquire and understand the information faster and more thoroughly than those with lower socioeconomic status, widening the gap in knowledge between the two groups. The hypothesis was first proposed in 1970 and suggests this gap is more likely to occur on topics of general interest covered by mass media, like public affairs and science, rather than more specialized topics. Factors that can contribute to the knowledge gap include differences in communication skills, previous knowledge, social contacts, and how the mass media system is oriented.
The internet, smartphones and social media have become tools for citizens to perform activities that fall within the range of police work and the work of other organisations dealing with public security. Like modern Sherlock Holmes citizens assist the police and go beyond. They report on crimes, investigate, identify suspects and form vigilante groups. Citizens employ social media for criminal investigation, for crime prevention or for ensuring public security independent of police and to watch and publicly share actions with law enforcement agencies (LEAs).
This one sentence document appears to be a test of some kind without substantive content to summarize. The document contains the word "test" without any other context or information.
En el primer trimestre, los trabajos incluyeron una redacción en Inglés 2, una maqueta en Biología 2 y otra redacción sobre el futuro en Inglés 2. En el segundo trimestre, los trabajos fueron un globo terráqueo del ciclo de las rocas en Biología 2, un booktrailer en Lengua 1 y una presentación en PowerPoint sobre una ONG en Francés 1.
The document discusses the foundation of business communication. It defines communication as the process of sharing information between senders and receivers using various channels. There are three main types of internal communication in businesses: downward communication which flows from upper to lower levels, upward communication which flows from lower to upper levels, and horizontal communication which occurs between the same levels. Effective communication in businesses provides benefits like stronger decision making, faster problem solving, and increased productivity.
Observation of Katrina/Rita Groove Deployment: Addressing Social and Communi...Shelly D. Farnham, Ph.D.
In disaster environments, relief workers have a have strong need for ad ho communication and coordination, but are in an extremely challenged communication environment. This presentation summarizes findings of a study of a peer-to-peer communication technology (Groove) used by relief workers following Katrina, and based on results makes design recommendations.
This document discusses interpersonal communication and defines it as the process of meaningful interaction among human beings where meanings are exchanged to produce understanding. It discusses the importance of communication for functioning in society and organizations. It also outlines three main methods of communication - oral, written, and non-verbal - and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages.
Dr.Kretov Kirill on interpersonal communication (methods, process, and barriers)drkretov
Present article is a part of Master Thesis written and successfully defended by Dr. Kretov Kirill (Master of Arts in Human Resource Management and Doctor of Business Administration) in May 2007, Geneva, Switzerland. The primary objective of this present article is to discuss communication: define the concept of communication, explain the communication process in its entirety and enumerate factors which may improve its efficiency.
URLS:
EyeComTec.Com
LAZgroup.com
This document discusses how couples use technology as a means of relational maintenance. It defines relational maintenance as the efforts to sustain intimacy and satisfaction in a relationship. Relational maintenance involves strategies like positivity, openness, and sharing tasks. The study examines how computer-mediated communication (CMC) facilitates the strategy of openness more than face-to-face interaction, as people feel more comfortable self-disclosing personal information online. Research shows couples frequently use media like cell phones to communicate affection and disclose more freely to each other through CMC than in person due to lack of non-verbal cues. The document analyzes how technology provides couples new avenues to utilize relational maintenance strategies.
The document discusses the potential for developing an Online Family Dispute Resolution (OFDR) service in Australia. It notes that OFDR could broaden access to dispute resolution services for geographically dispersed families and complement existing telephone and in-person services. Benefits mentioned include lower costs than litigation and the ability to provide educational resources and simulated practice to better prepare disputing parties. However, it also notes that some may be disadvantaged by online formats and that traditional in-person services will remain important. Further research is needed on topics like online learning design and competencies required of practitioners.
Literature review on the impact of public access to information and communica...Dr Lendy Spires
This document summarizes a literature review of research on the impacts of public access to information and communication technologies. The review found limited conclusive evidence on the downstream impacts of public access to ICTs. Some studies found impacts in areas like skill development and job creation, while others found limited impacts. More research is needed that quantifies impacts across different contexts using consistent methodologies.
Web and mobile emergency networks to real-time information and geodata management.
Authors: DI LOLLI - LANFRANCO - LOMBARDO - RAPISARDI
VVF TAS Torino | Università di Torino | NatRisk | Open Resilience
This document discusses using crowdsourcing and collaborative mapping during emergency responses. It describes an exercise where citizens reported missing person locations in real-time to emergency responders. The exercise highlighted opportunities to improve data sharing and geolocation across organizations. Web and mobile technologies can enable broader collaboration and use of real-time geodata to better inform emergency response and the public. However, challenges remain around data reliability, validation procedures, and organizational adoption of new approaches.
1) Electronic participation refers to ICT-supported participation in government and governance processes, including administration, service delivery, decision making, and policy making.
2) NGOs have needs in the area of e-participation including partnerships, education/training, funding, technical support, and human resources.
3) There are challenges to e-participation development in Southeast Europe including a development gap, unclear best practices, and political, social, cultural and legal issues that require cross-border cooperation and a regional approach.
This chapter discusses communication in organizations. It describes the communication process, different types of communication including oral, written and non-verbal. It contrasts advantages and disadvantages of oral versus written communication. It also compares different types of communication networks, identifies factors that influence grapevine communication, and discusses how computer technologies are changing organizational communication. Additionally, it identifies common barriers to effective communication and potential issues with cross-cultural communication.
Damásio et al, 'Mobile Devices as drivers of Social Capital' at Communities i...Agnes Gulyas
Manuel José Damásio, Patrícia Dias, Sara Henriques and Inês Teixeira-Botelho, CICANT and Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Portugal, ‘Mobile Devices as drivers of Social Capital: How can apps’ change communication dynamics within a community’ presented at 'Communities in the Digital Age' International Symposium, Canterbury Christ Church University, UK, 12 June 2013
Effect of technology on personal communicationAbid Momand
The document discusses the undesirable effects of technology on personal communication. While technology has enabled new forms of communication, it has negatively impacted valuable in-person interactions. Face-to-face communication is more effective than electronic communication as it allows people to connect on a deeper level through body language, facial expressions, and empathy. Several studies have shown that as internet and technology use increases, time spent socializing in person decreases, and empathy and social skills among youth have declined. True emotional support and meaningful exchanges of information require in-person communication that virtual interactions cannot replace.
Concurrent Distractions: A Cross-Cultural Study of Media Multitasking BehaviorAJHSSR Journal
This document summarizes research on concurrent media distractions and media multitasking behavior from a cross-cultural perspective. It discusses how media usage and media multitasking has increased globally due to proliferation of mobile devices. It reviews literature on types and causes of multitasking, and effects on cognition, learning, academic performance, and evolving media consumption patterns. Demographic factors like age and gender that influence multitasking behavior are also examined. Studies find younger generations and digital natives are more likely to multitask and own more devices, while negative impacts include decreased performance, attention, and memory.
I interviewed the experts in MROCs -- here's what I learned from them, and presented to a professional conference in Prague in 2010.
This is the detailed paper that accompanied the presentation.
The Knowledge Gap Hypothesis proposes that as the mass media disseminates information to a social system, those with higher socioeconomic status will acquire and understand the information faster and more thoroughly than those with lower socioeconomic status, widening the gap in knowledge between the two groups. The hypothesis was first proposed in 1970 and suggests this gap is more likely to occur on topics of general interest covered by mass media, like public affairs and science, rather than more specialized topics. Factors that can contribute to the knowledge gap include differences in communication skills, previous knowledge, social contacts, and how the mass media system is oriented.
The internet, smartphones and social media have become tools for citizens to perform activities that fall within the range of police work and the work of other organisations dealing with public security. Like modern Sherlock Holmes citizens assist the police and go beyond. They report on crimes, investigate, identify suspects and form vigilante groups. Citizens employ social media for criminal investigation, for crime prevention or for ensuring public security independent of police and to watch and publicly share actions with law enforcement agencies (LEAs).
This one sentence document appears to be a test of some kind without substantive content to summarize. The document contains the word "test" without any other context or information.
En el primer trimestre, los trabajos incluyeron una redacción en Inglés 2, una maqueta en Biología 2 y otra redacción sobre el futuro en Inglés 2. En el segundo trimestre, los trabajos fueron un globo terráqueo del ciclo de las rocas en Biología 2, un booktrailer en Lengua 1 y una presentación en PowerPoint sobre una ONG en Francés 1.
El estudiante escogió este trabajo en grupo porque pensó que sería útil para estudiar. Lo que más le costó fue organizar al grupo. Creyó que el trabajo saldría peor de lo que finalmente resultó. Muestra que puede organizar un grupo y trabajar bien en equipo. Si lo hiciera de nuevo, cambiaría la forma de hacer el esquema para que fuera más claro. Aprendió a hacer esquemas de manera adecuada.
Este documento resume los resultados de un cuestionario sobre el futuro académico y profesional de una persona. Los resultados indican un interés en asignaturas como matemáticas y ciencias sociales, y en profesiones como derecho y dirección de empresas. La persona tiene dudas sobre qué carrera elegir y sus padres le recomiendan derecho o economía. El objetivo del cuestionario es ayudar a la persona a explorar sus opciones para el futuro.
Este documento resume un artículo sobre el devastador terremoto de 2010 en Haití que mató a 220,000 personas y dejó al país en ruinas, así como un video sobre el tsunami de 2011 en Japón. La autora comenta que mientras Haití, como país pobre, aún lucha por recuperarse, Japón podrá hacerlo más rápidamente debido a su mayor riqueza y recursos.
Service Provider Opportunities in Virtualized Storage and Software Defined St...Virtuozzo
How to extract the greatest efficiency from your existing storage infrastructure with purpose-built virtualized storage. Avoid or minimize capital expenses and tap in to unused and wasted disk space. With virtualized storage, you can work with and supplement other storage technologies such as SAN, NAS, and SSDs.
Este documento proporciona una introducción a las habilidades necesarias para crear sitios web dinámicos, incluyendo cómo crear páginas web estáticas con XHTML, darles formato con hojas de estilo CSS, crear y gestionar bases de datos con MySQL, y programar en PHP.
Este documento presenta un resumen de 3 capítulos sobre estadística inferencial y muestreo. El Capítulo 1 cubre la distribución muestral de la media y la diferencia de medias. El Capítulo 2 trata sobre los intervalos de confianza para la media poblacional y la diferencia de medias poblacionales. El Capítulo 3 explica las pruebas de hipótesis para la media poblacional y la diferencia de dos medias poblacionales.
Requisitos para instalar windows xp, 7,alfredoovalle
El documento describe los requisitos mínimos para instalar las versiones Windows XP, 7, 8 y 10. Estos incluyen procesadores Pentium o superiores, al menos 64 MB de RAM, espacio en disco duro de 1.5 GB o más, tarjetas de video y sonido compatibles, y teclado y mouse. Cada versión de Windows requiere especificaciones ligeramente superiores y ofrece características como mayor capacidad de partición, seguridad mejorada, y compatibilidad con dispositivos táctiles e interfaces renovadas.
Este documento presenta un análisis de las Normas de Auditoría Generalmente Aceptadas (NAGAS) y su aplicación a la auditoría operativa y de servicios. Explica el origen y aplicación de las NAGAS en el Perú y describe las normas personales y normas relacionadas a la ejecución del trabajo de auditoría. El autor analiza cómo estas normas deben adecuarse a la auditoría operativa y de servicios para garantizar la calidad del trabajo profesional del auditor.
Este documento describe los pasos para crear una aplicación de login sencilla en PHP. Incluye cuatro pasos: 1) diseñar una tabla de base de datos para el login, 2) implementar la tabla en SQL, 3) crear un formulario para la entrada de datos, y 4) realizar el código PHP para procesar la información del formulario y verificar las credenciales de login.
Este documento resume la película colombiana "La estrategia del caracol". Presenta la trama de la película, en la que un grupo de inquilinos se unen para defender su casa de ser desalojados. Jacinto crea una estrategia no violenta para transportar la casa entera a otro terreno, con la ayuda del abogado Romero y el sacerdote Fray Luis. A pesar de los obstáculos legales y la corrupción, la estrategia tiene éxito gracias a la unión y el trabajo en equipo de los inquilinos.
Tackling Wicked Problems Through Deliberative EngagementJonathan Dunnemann
The document discusses the need for deliberative engagement to address "wicked problems", which have no technical solutions due to competing values and tensions. It outlines three stages of public problem-solving - divergent thinking, working through tensions ("the groan zone"), and convergent thinking - and notes that current models focus only on divergent thinking. It recommends that municipalities build deliberative capacity at three levels: internally, in public processes, and broadly in their communities. This involves incorporating recognition of complex problems and limits of expertise into decision-making, using deliberative techniques like dialogue to work through issues, and empowering public involvement in solutions.
This document discusses principles of effective communication for disaster risk reduction. It begins by explaining that communication with communities is important so they understand hazards and risks, and can take protective measures. However, past approaches often failed to understand community perspectives and priorities. Effective communication now involves dialogue with communities to understand their experiences and ensure solutions are appropriate. While expertise from professionals is still valuable, a participatory approach that incorporates community knowledge is most effective. The goal of public education programs should be to create a "culture of safety" where risk reduction is a normal part of life, though achieving this takes a long-term process.
This document provides guidance on overcoming opposition to affordable housing developments, known as NIMBYism. It is divided into four parts. Part 1 defines NIMBYism and discusses the causes and key issues that drive NIMBY responses. Part 2 offers strategies for being prepared to address NIMBYism, such as stakeholder identification and analysis, and incorporating compelling data and media outreach. Part 3 discusses strategies for changing minds through communication, transparency, and community relations. Part 4 lists additional sources of information on the topic.
Risk communication is intended to provide audiences with information to make independent risk judgements about health, safety and environmental risks. It involves systematically disseminating information to diverse audiences like individuals, communities and institutions to facilitate informed decision making about risks. Successful risk communication occurs when there is holistic learning, facilitation and trust between information senders like government agencies and receivers like communities. Factors that affect success include the content and form of messages, communication channels and recipient perceptions. Sensitivity to cultural differences is also important for effective risk communication.
This document discusses two new methodological innovations - SenseMaker and structural topic modelling - that could help bridge the gap between grassroots experiences and development research. It reviews literature on bottom-up development and traditional qualitative techniques. The document then outlines how SenseMaker and structural topic modelling were used in a research project in Kyrgyzstan to derive a development agenda from participant voices. Insights from each method are analyzed and their complementarity discussed.
Thinking in networks: what it means for policy makers – PDF 2014Alberto Cottica
Network thinking is increasingly being adopted by policy makers, even at senior level. We explore what is driving this change, and what its long-term consequences might be in a society where "smart swarms" are becoming important, and public policy is being enacted by agents other than the state. Keynote given to Personal Democracy Forum Italy in Rome, September2014.
This document discusses the dilemma of using social media for intelligence purposes. On one hand, social media intelligence (SOCMINT) could help keep the public safe by identifying threats. However, national security also depends on public support, and social media challenges conceptions of privacy and consent. SOCMINT does not fit easily into current legal frameworks and raises issues about privacy, surveillance, and how data is accessed and used. The paper argues for establishing ethical principles and reviewing legislation to ensure any SOCMINT use is legitimate, proportional, and has public support.
The document discusses the dilemma governments face regarding social media intelligence (SOCMINT). On one hand, SOCMINT could provide valuable intelligence to keep the public safe, but it challenges conceptions of privacy and may not fit within existing legal frameworks. A balance must be struck between security, privacy, and maintaining public support for intelligence activities.
2011 SBS Sydney | Martin Stewart-Weeks, The Resilient State: Smarter, ConnectedDachis Group
1) Volatile change is creating risks and opportunities that require navigating big transitions through new digital capabilities that enable connection.
2) Examples like NATO's policy jam show how distributed networks can create shared knowledge to inform decisions.
3) The shift is occurring in three waves: infrastructure, knowledge flows, and institutions, moving power to citizens, employees, and consumers.
4) A resilient state improves connection between distributed expertise, manages transitions, renews self-government, and redefines the center-edge relationship.
This document provides an overview of the "Know-4-drr" project which aims to enable knowledge sharing for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. It outlines the project consortium members and their roles. It then discusses the rationale for the project, including past failures in areas like land use planning that have increased disaster risks. It proposes several knowledge-sharing activities the project will undertake, such as workshops, seminars and "living labs" case studies to test knowledge development with stakeholders. The document summarizes discussions at workshops on challenges like coordinating agencies and assessing responsibilities under uncertainty. It describes the three living lab case studies in more detail: Vietnam, the Po River basin in Italy, and Lorca Municipality in Spain.
This document discusses barriers to effective collaboration in global virtual teams. It finds that the top three barriers are: 1) an inability to speak a common language well enough to get subtleties, 2) time zone differences, and 3) a lack of cultural understanding. Language barriers can lead to misunderstandings, as can a lack of non-verbal cues without face-to-face interaction. Differences in communication and decision-making styles between cultures also pose challenges. While virtual teams provide benefits like access to diverse skills and lower costs, overcoming these barriers through strategies like appointing cultural brokers and using video conferencing is important for team success.
This document discusses the conceptualization of dialogue in relation to social license to operate (SLO) for resource development projects. It begins by noting that dialogue has become an important part of natural resource management and SLO discourse, as engagement and relationship building are seen as key to attaining and maintaining social license. However, there is little research on what "meaningful dialogue" means in practice for SLO.
The document then reviews literature on dialogue models and frameworks from engagement practices. It finds that dialogue is predominantly portrayed as a strategic, goal-oriented process rather than a learning process, though both models see dialogue as potentially disruptive. There is a lack of clarity as dialogue is sometimes referred to as a process, outcome,
This document summarizes research on community engagement tools used to build support for transit-oriented development (TOD) projects. It conducted focus groups in 4 Bay Area communities to evaluate the effectiveness of these tools. The focus groups found that credibility, specificity, community benefits, and relating to local context were important. Conversely, manipulation, unsupported ideas, and ignorance of the community undermined the tools. The research aims to help improve TOD outreach by understanding what messaging resonates with communities.
21 Most Influential Economic Papers Of All TimeAngela Shin
This document summarizes F.A. Hayek's 1945 paper "The Use of Knowledge in Society". The paper argues that centralized economic planning is inefficient because all relevant knowledge is dispersed among individuals rather than concentrated in a central authority. While scientific knowledge can be centralized, local knowledge of specific circumstances is uniquely held by individuals. For an economy to function optimally, decentralized decision making is needed so that individuals can act based on their own specialized knowledge. Central planners lack the detailed, timely information held by local actors. Therefore, an efficient system is one that allows individuals to make plans using their own knowledge within an overall framework.
Hayes Privacy And Social Media Paper, October 29, 2010canadianlawyer
This document discusses privacy and social media, specifically the blurring line between public and private information online. It begins by introducing the topic and noting that privacy and the internet are inherently at odds. It then discusses how social media has expanded information sharing but also privacy risks. A key case discussed is the Facebook privacy complaint, which highlighted challenges in applying traditional privacy laws to social media. Reasonableness is seen as a flexible standard that may differ across generations and over time as attitudes change. Younger users seem less concerned with privacy risks of social media.
The document discusses two social networking technologies that a university could use to improve learning objects. It evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of each technology and how they would impact the existing software development lifecycle and IT investments of the university. Social media and networking technologies can contribute significantly to education by enabling student autonomy, mastery of learning programs, and a sense of purpose through electronic scaffolding and knowledge sharing.
Media, information and the promise of new technologies in Knowledge Transfer ...maudelfin
The document discusses knowledge transfer and exchange in the context of global health research. It explores how new technologies and networked societies are challenging traditional models of knowledge generation and dissemination. It also examines examples of new configurations for knowledge sharing, such as open data initiatives, crisis mapping, and open access protocols that utilize distributed networks instead of hierarchies. Finally, it calls for future research on knowledge transfer and exchange to take a more critical approach and consider how power structures and institutional contexts are impacted.
Argumentative Essay On Mass Media. ESSAY 6 - THE MEDIA 1 Mass Media Adverti...Sara Roberts
Benefits of mass media argumentative essay samples - 430 Words - NerdySeal. Argumentative Essay On Media Telegraph. Mass Media Impact Essay Mass Media Advertising. Scholarship essay: Mass media essay. argumentative essay social media. Argumentative Essay On Telegraph. Media Essay News Mass Media. 004 Argumentative Essay On Mass Media Topics For Criminal Ju Justice .... Business paper: Essay on mass media. ESSAY 6 - THE MEDIA 1 Mass Media Advertising. How To Write An Argumentative Essay Quickly - Albert Author. Journalism and Mass media Essay Example Topics and Well Written .... The Role of Mass Media in the World of Politics - PHDessay.com. The Six Function of Mass Media in Society Essay Example GraduateWay. The Dual Nature of Social Media Free Essay Example. 011 Expository Essay About Social Media Sociological Imagination .... Amazing Social Media Argumentative Essay Thatsnotus. ᐅ Essays On Mass Media Free Argumentative, Persuasive, Descriptive .... Mass Media Essay; For all class students 5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 Ontaheen. Disadvantages of media essay. Essay on Media. 2022-10-09. Mass Media and Popular Culture Essay Example GraduateWay. An Example of Argumentative Essay Social Media Popular Culture .... How To Write An Argumentative Essay On Social Media.pdf DocDroid. Mass media today essay writer. Argumentative Essay Examples - PDF. The Development and Influence of Mass Media - PHDessay.com. Short essay on importance of mass media. Media Analysis Essay. essays on mass media. Mass media pte essay. Mass media essay pte. 2019-02-22. essay on mass media - Brainly.in. Media analysis essay COM155 - Culture to Cultures - Curtin Thinkswap. SOLUTION: Argumentative essay of The first mass - Studypool Argumentative Essay On Mass Media Argumentative Essay On Mass Media. ESSAY 6 - THE MEDIA 1 Mass Media Advertising
Cyber-enabled Information Operations -- Inglis 04 27-17 -- SASCDavid Sweigert
Chris Inglis testified before the Senate Armed Services Committee about cyber-enabled information operations. He discussed three trends exacerbating the impact of technology: 1) a new geography of the internet transcending physical borders, 2) people increasingly organizing by ideology rather than proximity, and 3) private and state actors seeing cyberspace as a venue for collaboration, competition, and conflict. Any solution must address technology, people, and the procedures binding them, and emphasize collaboration between private and public sectors to improve resilience across borders.
The document discusses the implications of treating social media conversations as if they were public conversations that could be overheard. It analyzes a case study of Greenpeace's campaign against Nestle using social media to spread their message. Nestle's poor handling of the situation showed public relations practitioners must recognize conversations online can have far reach and should be carefully managed. While social media allows for two-way communication, control has shifted and information spreads quickly, so practitioners must thoughtfully engage audiences and issues can escalate rapidly if not addressed properly. Overall, the document argues social media provides opportunities if used strategically, but also risks if an organization does not acknowledge the new media environment.
Similar to Culture_of_dispute_and_risk_discussion_in_the_debate_over_electro_smog_01-05e (20)
1. 22 NEWS
E M C E p e r c e p t i o nletter 1/2005
Practical remarks
debate over
Culture of dispute and
by Harald Klussmann
Current situation
In the public, the topic ‘electrosmog“ is controver-
sially discussed in association with mobile radio and
electromagnetic fields. ‘Electrosmog“ is a catchword
raising very strong emotion, as it touches on subcon-
scious fears. In addition, science itself has come to
heterogenous and – for laypersons – contradictory
conclusions. The rapid expansion of mobile radio net-
works continues to prompt new discussion and dis-
pute over the acceptance of mobile radio technology
that is now used in Germany by more than 71 million
people. Thus, the number of mobile radio users has
far exceeded the number of fixed network users.
Risk assessment –
laypersons and experts
In the assessment of technological risks, experts lean
on factors such as probability of occurrence and po-
tential extent of damage. From the perspective of
laypersons, these factors are virtually uncalculable.
The consequence is a subjective assessment that
often distinctly deviates from expert evaluation, as
comparisons between risk assessments of layper-
sons and experts illustrate1
. This is especially true of
technologies such as mobile radio, which is “per-
ceived” neither through visible emission nor through
other influences perceptible by sense organs. The
feeling to be able to exert an influence on an alleged
risk is crucial for the willingness of people to accept
it. Among other things, this subjective influencing fac-
tor decides whether people are ready to take a risk or
not. Motor vehicle traffic or smoking are examples of
generally accepted risks of very serious consequence
for thousands of men and women. The aspect of
usefulness is crucial for normal citizens: If a technol-
ogy brings direct advantage (or thrills resp. pleasure),
people are more willing to accept a greater extent of
damage.
A characteristic of the perception and the use of
mobile radio is the fact that there is no clear associ-
ation with effects. There is a huge time gap between
occurrence of the alleged risk and a potential proven
effect. This increases uncertainty and intensifies the
call for “decisive action”. Typical is the publicly voiced
demand for a “zero risk” that, logically, cannot exist
and even less can be effected by intense discussion
and dialog.
Consequentially, the “refusal” of industry to orient
its action towards the “zero risk” and to opt for volun-
tary precaution measures until a “zero risk” is scien-
tifically established, is interpreted by concerned lay-
persons as indirectly confirming the existence of a
risk. Quite often, this is the basis of many problems
in communication with regard to newly planned or
existing mobile radio sites.
E M C E p e r c e p t i o n
2. 23E M C E p e r c e p t i o n letter1/2005
NEWS
‘electromog’
risk discussion in the
Communication in an open society
Political officials of all levels, who naturally are also
citizens, do not remain unimpressed by these contro-
versies over factual or alleged risks. This is the rea-
son why companies need adequate communication,
as is generally required in an open society, to pre-
serve their legimitation and their economic action
radius. It does not suffice anymore to provide techno-
logical accurate problem solvings. They must also do
their share in creating acceptance of solutions thought
to be adequate. Against this backdrop, politics de-
mand intensification of the discussion with citizens,
based on clarification, transparency and participation.
Partners of dialog
Five main actors are partners in the dialog with net-
work operators:
1. politics and administration at different levels
2. national and international research institutions
3. the churches and their institutions
4. associations
5. citizens’ initiatives.
The local focus of media interest is on citizens’ initi-
atives, since they articulate fears and concerns of
part of the population in the vicinity of mobile radio
stations. While the dialog with the other four actors
mostly takes place on an objective meta-level, the
dialog with persons directly concerned and with citi-
zens’ initiatives quite often is rather emotional and
3. 24 NEWS
E M C E p e r c e p t i o nletter 1/2005
almost always related to a specific site. Experience
actually shows that general discussion about mobile
radio without relations to a specific site is of very low
interest to citizens.
Between evidence and emotion
However, the willingness to resist is growing as soon
as mobile radio infrastructure becomes visible in the
vicinity of one’s own home. “Mobile radio use, yes,
transmission masts, no – that is the motto of many
people living in the vicinity of installations. Evidently,
most people have no problem accepting the useful-
ness of their mobile phone, but reject the required
technology in their vicinity as a safety risk and an
arbitrary intrusion into their living environment.
No layperson has to have a detailed understanding of
mobile radio network technology – as is eg true of the
functioning of a modern anti-block system in order to
be a good driver. Only when coupled with unconscious
fears and insufficient or incomprehensible informa-
tion given by station operators, deficiencies in tech-
nological knowledge become a communication prob-
lem. Subsequent protests then are often an expres-
sion of a massive loss of trust in the competence of
participants, going hand in hand with a sense of pow-
erlessness.
As mobile radio is a new technology, uncertainty aris-
es, sometimes even fear and rejection. This includes
also doubt with regard to reliability and social re-
sponsibility of politics, economy and the justice to-
wards the general population. To create a new basis
of trust in this atmosphere of distrust is therefore
the ultimate goal of the dialog with citizens initiated
by mobile radio operators. “The focus is on the trust
in the accuracy of data and facts, the competence of
those involved and fairness, equal opportunities, and
openness between communication partners.”2
Can trust and credibility be created?
In practice, this task often proves to be difficult, but
in many cases it can be solved. Credibility is espe-
cially important for creating a basis of trust. It is
based on a subjective assessment of trustworthiness
of companies, closely related to persons and what
E M C E p e r c e p t i o n
4. 25E M C E p e r c e p t i o n letter1/2005
NEWS
they say. Normally, “credibility” is understood as a
sense that, what a person says, very probably is accu-
rate. High credibility is based on previous experience.
Dialog or discussion?
The term “dialog” mainly refers to conversations in
small groups in this article. It is generally character-
istic for a fair dialog that all people involved share
same eye level. The impression people have of the
other is essential for their communication behavior.
If the partners of a dialog, despite different opinions,
feel that there is appreciation and respect, one of
the essential requirements of succesful dialog is met.
Good dialogs allow to minimize potential conflict be-
tween the participants and to create a new, often
improved basis for the relationship. Part of this is to
accept the positions of others instead of “discussing
away”. Moreover, the probability to find effective so-
lutions is increased by adding the knowledge and
informations of invidual discutants.
Discussions, often taking place before an audience
of several hundred people, may be part of dialog
measures. But quite often they are contradictory to
the original goal of dialog. Why is that so? Many
discussions seem ritualized: The “company represen-
tative” meets the “mobile radio critic”, and the “con-
cerned citizen” sits in the audience. All have come
equipped with solid role patterns and expectations
and rarely are disappointed. Involuntarily, many orga-
nizers promote this behavior insofar as they, in their
sincere effort to bring together company representa-
tives, mobile radio critics and concerned citizens,
overlook that substantial results rarely are achieved
by large panels. Here, every participant is striving to
save face. People who frequently have been part of
such events, know that authentic dialog often begins
where people stand together drinking a beer or cof-
fee after the event has been officially closed and the
local press has gone long ago.
Therefore the question has to be: How can stereotyp-
ic behavior patterns that inhibit dialog be broken?
While a discussion (Latin from discutere = break up,
take apart) is about separating, sectioning and con-
fronting well-defended opinions, the goal of dialog is
to explore communalities and to jointly search for
problem solutions3
.
In dicussion, we often see intensified polarization
expressed in catchwords and simple solutions instead
of joint reflection on complex relations and the com-
mon search for resolution. One of the most common
vices is to indulge in overhasty and unchangeable
assessments of environment and other people. Even-
tually, these constitute “reality”, which holds us hos-
tage and prevents open discussion. From this per-
spective, the initial situation of a discussion panel is
unfavorable, if there shall be conversation about dif-
ferent site options towards conflict resolution.
Agree on rules
This is not to say that discussion should not take
place, or without participation of companies. Howev-
er, such events challenge organizational skills. The
agreement on clear rules and an impartial modera-
tion that may build bridges and possibly dampen ex-
cessive emotions, are part of basic requirements. At
the start of each discussion goals should be agreed
on and put on a list that will be checked at the end of
discussion. What was achieved? What did not? This
result should be documented. “Letting steam off”
has a certain value – but leads nowhere in discus-
sion. Participants of a panel discussions themselves
can do much for the success of this type of dialog. It
is highly recommended to show mutual respect: It is
expressed in personal messages that must not insult
others.
Concrete examples should be used to promote mutu-
al understanding. Generalizing expressions, such as
“never” and “always”, in turn provoke generalizing
counterstatements. Constant repeating of old prob-
lems only leads to new controversy. The resolution of
present difficulties is made even more difficult. There
must not be generalizing critique of the behavior of
5. 26 NEWS
E M C E p e r c e p t i o nletter 1/2005
others – for generalizing critique catalyzes defense
mechanisms where the self-image is in danger, and
defence strategy in those that were attacked. But
people will be ready to talk about individial behav-
ior.
Risks and limits of dialog
The risk of failure is generally inherent in dialog. The
examples of bad or failed discussion will be far more
than those of successful ones. The risk increases
when participants intrumentalize dialog for their own
goals, or if rules priorly agreed on are violated. More
often, failed dailog is due though to a false assess-
ment of the partners’ goals or simply of their recep-
tional abilities. If dialog fails, the principal willingnes
to discuss things should not be given up and sig-
nalled to all participants. A pause in dialog can be
creatively used and be the stepping stone towards a
new beginning.
Summary
Dialog is a tool for creating understanding, and not
for controversial dispute. It is not about maintaining
own positions, rhetorical eloquence or enforcement,
but about a search for communalities and agreement.
Dialog requires critical partners and constructive,
amicable critique, but also solid general conditions
and commitments. It is some sort of probationary
reflection. Who wants to do it in earnest, will profit
from it. Positive experience shows that this is the
right way to go.
Footnotes
• 1
see the study „Kind und Umwelt“, Munich, January 2004.
The study compares in a ranking the risk perception of par-
ents with objective risk estimates of science.
• 2
Thomas Jung and Olaf Schulz, Bürgerforum Elektrosmog
1999
• 3
see David Bohm, Der Dialog. Das offene Gespräch am Ende
der Diskussionen (ed. Lee Nichol), Stuttgart 1998, at first:
On dialogue. London/New York 1996
E M C E p e r c e p t i o n
Short presentation
Dipl. Ing. Harald Klussmann (58) studied Com-
munication Engineering. His career began at the
Mercator University Duisburg, at the Institute of
Radio and Highest Frequency Technology. After
that he worked with the industry. After several
years at Marconi Instruments in Germerling, St.
Albans (England) and Donibristle (Scotland), and
then at Rohde & Schwarz, Munich, he went to E-
plus 11 years ago. There he was director of
department for network quality in Southern Ger-
many until 2001.
As network expansion in Southern Germany from
the start was met with the scepticism of part of
the population, Klussmann also dealt with the
issues of dialog and technology mediation in
the public. Very soon this work was too much to
be done on the side. In 2001, he therefore ac-
cepted a full-time position as a consultant for
Mobile Radio and Environment at E-plus Munich.
As in the years before, Klussmann gained much
practical experience there in his dealings with
critical dialog partners. A small part of this ex-
perience is reflected in this article.