This document provides an overview of various handicrafts and art forms in India. It discusses several crafts including clay work, weaving, embroidery, leatherwork, bead and enamel work, metalwork, woodwork, and paintings. It also summarizes different classical dance forms like Bharatanatyam, Kuchipudi, Kathakali, Kathak, and Manipuri. The document highlights India's rich cultural heritage in arts and crafts that developed over thousands of years.

1. Handicraft
MALHAR SHAH

2. INTRODUCTION
 Genetic Inheritance :- Physical Characteristics that a Child Inherits from the
Parents by birth
 Material Heritage :- Estates, Land, Properties, Assets
 Cultural Heritage :- Man obtains or creates with his Intellect & Skill
 Danger :- If we don’t preserve our Precious Cultural Heritage, we might lose
our Unique Cultural Heritage.
 Once upon a time India was called ‘Sone Ki Chidiya’ (a Golden Bird)
 Ancient Indian Literature :- 64 Arts
 Rich Cultural Heritage :- Music, Dance, Architecture, Skills, Handicrafts,
Paintings
 Artistic Works :- Weaving, Embroidery, Bead-work, Clay work, Engraving,
Mirror work
 Land of Arts & Crafts

3. ART OF CLAY WORK
 Man & Clay :- Closely Associated
 Life Revolves around it from the Cradle to the Crave
 Before the Discovery of Metal in the Ancient Age, People used Utensils of Clay
 Things made from Clay :- Toys, Pots, Pitchers, Earthen Lamps, Bricks, Clay
Utensils by Potter to store Grains, Milk, Ghee, Curd, Buttermilk
 Dwellings :- The Walls of the Houses, Clay Hut (Kubas), Street
 The reamians of the Harappan Civilization holds a Prime Position in the
History of Indian Art, like Animal Figurines & Toys made from Baked Clay,
have been found at Kalibangan in Rajasthan.
 Famous for :- Producing the Utensils of Baked Clay as well as Unbaked Clay
(Terracotta) since the Ancient times.

4. WEAVING & EMBROIDERY
 India had Unique place :- Weaving, Embroidery, Knitting
 Fact :- Whole Piece of Cloth of Taka of Muslin of Dhaka could easily pass
through a Ring & could be adjusted in a Match Box.
 Other Prominent Works :- ‘Galicha’, Knitting work on Attires, Artistry, Patola
of Patan, Bandhani of Rajasthan, Kanjivaram Saree & Kashmiri Cloth (Kasab)
 Gujarat had progressed (Solanki Era)
 Weavers came & Settled in Patan & made it famous for Patola :-
(Reign of Siddhraj Jaisingh)
 Patola of Patan :-850 Years old
 Handful people have the skill for time consuming art of Dyeing
 Silkware (Bevad Ikt) :- is called Patola of Patan
 ‘Ikt’ means Weaving
 Quality :- Good Durability, Original Colours remain Inact
 Bandhani :- Jamnagar, Jetpur, Bhuj, Mandvi
 Beautiful Designs of Elephant, Puppet & Dice
 Embroidery Sub-divisions :- Silk-work, Ari-Bharat thread work
 Home Decorations :- Torans, Chakla (Wall-piece), Shakh, Todaliya, Bed-sheets
 Knitting work of ‘Jat’ Community of Banni area of Kachchh is Wonderful
Achievement of Gujarat

5. LEATHER INDUSTRY
 Leather :- Particular place in India in Ancient time (Golden, Silver, Thread work
 Useful :- Making ‘Mashak’ (Leather bag for Fetching Water), the Bellows used
by Blacksmiths, Shoes, Purses, Leather Strips to the Pets, Belts, Reins.
 Produced for Daily Needs
 Leather Industry :- Prominent & Specific place in India
 Prepare :- Rajasthani Mojadi, Shoes, Chappals, Leather Knitted Purse, Belts,
Saaj, Palan, Lagaam (Horse, Camel), Shields, Jackets, etc.
 Other Varities :- Decorative Wall Pieces, Carpet Covers, Sofa Covers, Seat
Covers, Photo Frames, Pen Stands, Purses, Briefcases

6. BEAD & ENAMEL WORK
Bead Work :-
 Diamonds & Beads are Available in Large Quantity in India
 Famous Diamonds :- ‘Kohinoor’, & ‘Great Mughal’
 People of India love Diamond-studded Gold Ornaments.
 Large quantity of Gold is used to make Jewellery.
 Diamonds, Rubies, Beads, Emerald & Topaz were used to adorn the thrones &
crowns of kings.
 Bead work :- ‘Torans’, Pachhit’ (the hindering wall of house), ‘Bari’(door grills-
frames), ‘Chakla’(traditional wall-piece), ‘Lagna na Nariyel’ (artificial coconut
prepared with beads), ‘Indhoni’, ‘Modiya’ (a net which covers the mouth of a
Bullock horns), Hand fans with a bordered cloth, etc.
 Khambhat :- Known for Ornaments of Akik (Carnelian Agate)
Enamel Work :-
 Enamel-work :- The Artistic skill of inlaying the bright colours like Red, Green
& Blue on the Gold & Silver Ornaments like Rings, Bangles, Earrings, etc.
 Famous :-
• Jaipur, Delhi, :- Red & Green
• Varanasi & Hyderabad :- Pink & Black

7. JARI & METAL & INLAY WORK
Jari Work (Golden, Silver Thread Work – Brocade Work)
 Jari Indusry (Surat)
 Unique Beauty :- Jari work on Saree, Ajrakhwork, Batikkam, Embroidery
Jardoshi Work
Metal Work (Engravery)
 Stone Age :- Man used to make Weapons like Axes & Chisels .
 Stone Age Copper Age Bronze Age Iron Age
 During this Period, People used to make Pots for Storing Water, Various
Utensils, Idols, etc. from Copper, Bronze, Brass, etc.
Inlay Work
 Assosiated to Jewellery & Statues
 Alongwith Golden Jewellery, Diamond & Inlay Jewellery much in use
Amongst the Rich
 Popular :- Bikaner (Rajasthan)
 Inlay Jewellery of Diamonds & Precious Stones :- Ring, Necklace, Nose ring,
Damini (Tiko), Chuni (Nosepin), Kundal (Earrings), Kap (Earrings)

8. WOODEN & AKIK WORK
Wooden Art
 Integral Part at Every Stage of Human Life
 Art of making Idols is as Ancient as the Rigveda
 Idols of Shri Krishna, Balarama & Subhadra (Jagannathpuri Temple in Orissa)
 Characteristics :- Intricately Carved Designs & ‘lac-work’
 Wood Work :- Gujarat, Rajasthan
 Nepal :- Unparalled Wood Carving in terms of Statues & Temples
 Fact :- More than 350 years old Wood work at Somnath (Prabhaspatan)
 Variety of Furniture made :- Bajoth (Low level Stool used on Auspicious
Occasion), Swings, cup-boards, Cradles, Beds (Idar, Siddhapur, Junagadh)
 Lac-work (Sankheda in Vadodara & Dhoraji in Porbandar)
Akik Work (Jade Work)
 Agate (Akik) :- Precious Stone found in valley Areas of the River
 Chiefly Chalcedonic (Mixed with Silica) Blue or White Stone 2which has no
Weather Effect
 Other Precious Stones :- Flint, Garnet, Carnelian (Semi-Transparent, Red)
 Places :- Ahmedabad, Ranpur, Surat
 Sent to Khambhat to Mould into Various Ornaments with Various Designs.
 Akik :- Declining Stage (Present)

9. PAINTINGS
 Of all Arts, Painting is the foremost one.
 Aim :- To express Human Emotions by imitating Objects of nature through
Lines & Colours
 Vishnupuran :- Sumeru amongst the Mountains, Eagle amongst the Birds &
the King amongst the people is Prominent.
 Evidence of Indian Art of Painting :- 5000 Years of Harappan Culture
 Notable Paintings :- Pictures of Animals & Birds in the Cave Painting of
Primitive man of Stone Age at Bhimbetka (Madhya Pradesh) of Elephants,
Deers & Rhinoceros.
 People used to draw Geometrical figures and flowers and plants.
 Ajanta-Ellora are incomparable Specimens of such Paintings.

10. FINE ARTS
 Music :- Indian Music is Unique from the point of view of Tune, Rhythm and
Harmony which involves Singing & Playing & divided in 2 parts Classical Music
 Belief :- All these Ragas Naturally came out from the
‘Panchmukh’ of Lord Shiva
 Fact :- The Aryan’s ‘Samved’ is the Gangotri
of Music which shows the rate of Growth
of Indian Music.
 For the Contribution in the field
of Music & Poetry, Amir Khushroo
came to be known as Tuti-e-Hind
(Parrot of india) during the time of
Allaudin Khalji.
 Bhaktidangeet :- Chaitanya Mahaprabhu,
Saint Kabir, Tulsidas, Mirabai,
Narsinh Maheta
 Jewejs of Music :- Baiju Bavra & Tansen
(Disciples of Swami Haridas)
5 Ragas
Shree
Deepak
HindolMegh
Bhairavi

11. SANGEET TEXTS
 Written by Music Scholar Narad in about 900 B.C.
 Describes 19 Veena & 101 Rhythm
Sangeet Makarand
Sangeet Ratnakar
 Written by Pandit Sarangdev lived during the reign of King Singhan in
Devgiri (Dolatabad)
 He was familiar with South & North Indian Music
 Pandit Vishnu Narayan Nhatkhande :- ‘Sangeet Ratnakar is the most
Authentic book on Music.
 It is believed to be Unique in Understanding all the aspects of Music
Sangeet Parijat
 Written by Pandit Ahobale in 1665 on Northern Hindustani Music
 Important Characteristics :- The Ragas have their own Individual Identity.
 Described 29 types of Tunes

12. DANCE
 Word ‘Nritya’ has been derived from the original Sanskrit word ‘Nrit’.
 Definition :- It is one of the mediums of realizing Beauty with ‘Taal’ & ‘Laya’
(Rhythm & Harmony) for the realization of Aesthetic joy.
 Lord of Dance :- Shiva (Originator of Dance) known as ‘Natraj’
 He was the first to bring down music from the Heaven to the Earth to teach
this art to the people.

13. CLASSICAL DANCES
Bhahratnatyam
 Origin of ‘Bhartanatyam’ is believed to be Tanjor, a District in Tamilnadu.
 2 Books :- ‘Natyashahshtra’ by Bharatmuni & ‘Abhinav Darpan’ by Nandikeshwar
 Well-known Dancers :- Mrinalini Sarbhai, Vaijanti Mala, Hemamalini
 Description :- One has to take training of at least seven years to gain expertise in
this dance. After the Training is over, the Dancer gives a performance in front of
Experts of this dance. It is known as ‘Arangetram’.
Kuchipudi
 Famous in Andhra Pradesh
 Similar to Bharatnatyam
 Well-known Dancers :- Guru Prahlad Sharma, Raja Reddy, Shobha Naidu
 Aim :- Devotion
 Tales :- Krishna
Kathakali
 Word related to ‘Katha’(Story)
 Famous for Colourful Costumes, Pompous Presentations in Kerala (Birth-place)
 Attires :- Beautiful Plaited Attires. Crowns they put on are very Artistic.
 The subject matter of the story is Chiefly Jatayuvadh, the battle between
‘Ram’ & Ravan & Nal –Damayanti, etc.

14. CLASSICAL DANCE
Kathak
 There is a story behind the name Kathak.
 The development of Kathak is linked with the saying :
‘Kathan Kare So Kathak Kahave
 It depends on the life – events of Lord Krishna.
 It has developed with ‘Shrungar Bhakti’ – Vaishnav Community
 Credit to revive Kathak Dance goes to Avadh’s Navab Wajid Ali Shah
 Well-known Dancers :- Birju Maharaj, Gopi Krishna
Manipuri
 This style of dance has greater importance in terms of Costumes, Expressions
& Rhythm.
 More Importance :- Costumes Expressions, Rhythms & Krishna Lila
 The Plaited green coloured Petticoat is known as ‘Kumin’
 Attire :- Silk Blouse, Belt put on around the Waist known as ‘Kawangoi’
 Well-Known Dancers :- Shri Bipin Sinha, Savita Maheta
Odissi (Orissa)

15. DRAMATIC ART
 ‘Natyashashtra’ :- Bharatmuni
 This art holds a capacity to entertain all Literate & Illiterate
 It holds a Mirror to life & the World.
 It has enriched with Knowledge & Enjoyment
 Meaning :- Dramatic Art is an Amalgamation of all the Arts
 “There is no book, there is no sculpture, there is no knowledge, there is
no need which is lacking in Dramatic art.”- Bharatmuni
 Drama is Visual & Acting is its Soul
 Renowned Dramatists :- Sanskrit Literature
Poet Bhasa
 He has Bequeathed us 13 Dramas like ‘Karnabhar’, Urubhanga’, ‘Dutvakyam’.
 He is influenced by ‘Mahabharat’.
 First Rate Dramas :- ‘Pratiganyayogandhrayanam’ & ‘Swapnavasvadattam’ in
which Vir Rasa, Shringar Rasa, Shant Rasa are expressed.
Introduction

16. Poet Kalidas
 Foremost in the field of Sanskrit Literature .
 Famous Plays:-‘Malvikagnimitram’, ‘Vikramovarshiyam’, ‘Abhignan
Shakuntalam’
 Abhignan Shakuntalam is the best Dramatic Piece amongst them.
 Keeping the love story of Shakuntala & Dushyant in centre, he has created a very
Romantic Scene.
 German poet Goethe was so much impressed by reading his Drama that he put
it on his head and danced with joy.
 He has also written :- Two Epics & Two Khandkavya.
Poet Bhavbhuti
 Written Three Dramas :-
• ‘Mahavir Charitam’, :- Covers the story right from Rama & Sita’s Marriage
• ‘Maltimadhav’ L- Presents the love story of Malati & Madhav
• ‘Uttaramcharit’ :- Best Dramatic Composition
DRAMATIC ART