Importance of revivalist's work in continuation of true Islamic teachings, their efforts to combat internal and external threats to Islam and the importance of reading their work.
Importance of revivalist's work in continuation of true Islamic teachings, their efforts to combat internal and external threats to Islam and the importance of reading their work.
Effect of nanofluid on friction factor of pipe and pipe fittings part ii ef...eSAT Journals
Abstract A nanofluid is prepared by mixing nano sized particles of size up to 100 nm and a base fluid. Commonly used nanoparticles are made of metals, oxides or carbides, while base fluids may be water, ethylene glycol or oil. Normally, the application of nanofluids is to enhance the heat transfer rate. Due to mixing of nanoparticles in the base fluid, the thermo-physical properties of the resulting mixture (base fluid + nanoparticles) changes. Therefore, resistance to flow of nanofluid increases which increases the friction factor and reduces the flow rate. In the part I of paper, an experimental investigation has been carried out to determine the effect of various concentration of Al2O3 nano-dispersion mixed in water as base fluid on Friction Factor of Pipe and Pipe Fittings. The present study deals with the effect of CuO nanofluid on the Friction Factor of Pipe and Pipe Fittings. The friction factor and loss coefficient of different pipes and pipe fittings increase with increase in volume concentration of CuO in water as compared to water. Keywords: Nanofluid, Friction Factor, Pipe Friction, Pipe Fitting, CuO Nanoparticles
Presentasi Kelompok Biologi tentang makanan dan sistem pencernaan. Terdiri dari sistem pencernaan hewan juga. Ditampilkan dengan pokok bahasan yang bagus untuk dimengerti teman-teman. serta animasi yang menarik untuk dipresentasikan. Semoga berguna.
Definisi respirasi, dan sistem respirasi yang dibahas meliputi :aveterbrata ( protozoa, porifera , Arachnida, Helmintes, Cruscatea, insecta ) dan Veterbrata ( pisces, amphibi, reptilia, aves) yang disertai dengan gambar pendukung penjelasan, dan bagan interaktif pada setiap proses.
Mata pelajaran yang membahas tentang panca indra pada tubuh manusia yang terdiri dari mata, telinga, hidung, dan kulit. pada mata pelajaran ini akan dibahas anatomi dan fisiologi dari panca indra tersebut
define syncretism and discuss examples of it within South Asian Isla.pdfarihantcomp1008
define syncretism and discuss examples of it within South Asian Islam and Hinduism. Also, after
reading this chapter how can you view Islam as a \"plurality of traditions\" (201) rather than as a
single monolithic entity?
Solution
Syncretism—the process whereby two or more independent cultural systems, or elements
thereof, conjoin to form a new and distinct system—is among the most important factors in the
evolution of culture in general, but especially in the history of religion. Indeed, all of the so-
called world religions, that is, Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and
Confucianism, are to a fair extent syncretistic.
Syncretism is a union or attempted fusion of different religions, cultures, or philosophies — like
Halloween, which has both Christian and pagan roots, or the combination of Aristotelian
philosophy with the belief system of the early punk rock practitioners.
Syncretism, as defined by the American Heritage Dictionary, is “the reconciliation or fusion of
differing systems of belief.” This is most evident in the areas of philosophy and religion, and
usually results in a new teaching or belief system. Obviously, this cannot be reconciled to
biblical Christianity.
Example - Classical and modern Hinduism can be characterized as a grand syncretism between
the indigenous Dravidian belief systems of northern India, as reflected in the artifacts of the
Indus Valley civilization, and those carried into India in the middle of the second millennium
b.c.e. by the Aryans, whose beliefs were a variant of those carried by Indo-European speakers
across Eurasia from India to Western Europe. One of the best examples is the major Hindu god
Shiva, the third member of the trinity that includes Brahma and Vishnu. Shiva is often called
\"the Lord of Beasts,\" and an Indus Valley stamp seal found at Mohenjo Daro dating from about
1800 b.c.e. shows a god seated in the lotus position and surrounded by animals. This figure\'s
connection with the later iconography of Shiva is clear, and thus strongly suggests that the god in
question reflects a syncretism of the ancient Dravidian and Aryan religions. Even the fully
evolved Hindu caste system involves an amalgamation of the Aryan tripartite social class system,
which they shared with other ancient Indo-European-speaking communities, and the indigenous
emphasis on occupation groups, which is clearly evident in the physical layout of the chief Indus
Valley cities: Mohenjo Daro and Harappa.
The 19th century, besides being the age of the so-called humanist sciences (philology,
comparative linguistics, history, history of religions, etc.), was at the same time the age of
European colonialism(12). Since colonial expansion was \"the background of all relations with
Islam in the nineteenth century\", traditional anti-Islamism was rationalized by leading
academics into an ideological legitimation of Europe\'s colonial wars(13). Its culminating
construction was the concept of the so-called \"homo isl.
5
SOUTH AND CENTRAL ASIA
Global Labor and Asian Culture
Like the Middle East, South Asia has been at the crossroads of civilizations
over the centuries. Outsiders came from the West, transforming Indian
culture and bringing Islam, Christianity, and ancient Indo-European
cultures and languages to the subcontinent. Some of Asia’s most important
cultural traditions have flowed out of South Asia. Buddhism was born in
India, and it spread from there around the world. Hinduism and Sikhism,
which also had their origins in India, have had a global reach as well. The
current interaction of South Asia with the world culturally, economically,
and demographically has historical precedents.
When we talk about South Asia, we are talking about a region that is, in
a narrow sense, easy to define—it is the subcontinent extending south from
the huge continental mass of Eurasia, a wedge of land surrounded by the
Indian Ocean to the southeast and southwest, by the world’s highest
mountain range to the north, by deserts to the west, and by jungles to the
east. It is the land of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh; the island nations of
Sri Lanka and the Maldives; and the mountain nations of Bhutan and
Nepal. It is so self-contained that for centuries the region had no name;
indeed, a name was not necessary, since this region’s inhabitants were
scarcely aware that other people existed. However, from ancient times to
the present, there have been busy trade routes both overland and over
sea, and it was outsiders, in fact, who gave a name to the people living
beyond the Indus River. They named them for the river—they were Indoos,
or Hindus, and their land was Indu-land, or India.
Outsiders indeed discovered India. But, perhaps because it was so
isolated, each incursion into the region—by ancient Aryans, medieval
Mughals, colonial British, and contemporary globalization—has had a
significant impact. At the same time, culture and trade has flowed out of
the subcontinent to other parts of the world. The trails led over water to
Southeast Asia and over land to Central Asia and beyond. Because of the
land connection through Central Asia’s Silk Road, Central Asia has been
linked to South Asia, culturally as well as economically, for most of the
world’s history. During the colonial period, British India was an entity unto
itself, and in the twentieth century, Central Asia was dominated by the
Soviet Union and thus was cut off from the subcontinent. But there has
always been a South Asian–Central Asian connection.
South Asia is, like the Middle East, the spawning ground for great
religious cultures. In the case of South Asia, these religious cultures are
Hinduism and Buddhism, along with the religious traditions of Jains and
Sikhs. Hence, it is culturally a region of global-out impact. From the very
beginning, however, the global-in influences of other cultures have
challenged and chang.
2. A Muslim, also spelled Moslem,]is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion
based on the Qur'an—which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to
prophet Muhammad—and, with lesser authority than the Qur'an, the teachings and practices
of Muhammad as recorded in traditional accounts, called hadith. "Muslim" is an Arabic word
meaning "one who submits to God".
Muslims believe that God is eternal, transcendent, absolutely one (the doctrine of tawhid, or
strict or simple monotheism), and incomparable; that he is self-sustaining, who begets not nor
was begotten. Muslim beliefs regarding God are summed up in chapter 112 of the Qur'an, al-
Ikhlas, "the chapter of purity". Muslims also believe that Islam is the complete and universal
version of a primordial faith that was revealed at many times and places before, including
through the prophets Abraham, Moses and Jesus. Muslims maintain that previous messages
and revelations have been partially changed or corrupted over time, but consider the Qur'an
to be both unaltered and the final revelation from God—Final Testament.
3. Hinduism is the predominant religion of India and Nepal. Hinduism includes Shaivism, Vaishnavism and Śrauta
among numerous other traditions. Among other practices and philosophies, Hinduism includes a wide spectrum
of laws and prescriptions of "daily morality" based on karma, dharma, and societal norms. Hinduism is a
conglomeration of distinct intellectual or philosophical points of view, rather than a rigid common set of beliefs.
Hinduism is formed of diverse traditions and has no single founder. Among its direct roots is the historical Vedic
religion of Iron Age India and, as such, Hinduism is often called the "oldest living religion" or the "oldest living
major religion" in the world.
One orthodox classification of Hindu texts is to divide into Śruti ("revealed") and Smriti ("remembered") texts.
These texts discuss theology, philosophy, mythology, rituals and temple building among other topics. Major
scriptures include the Vedas, Upanishads, Purāṇas, Mahābhārata, Rāmāyaṇa, Bhagavad Gītā and Āgamas.
Hinduism, with about one billion followers (950 million estimated in India),is the world's third largest
religion, after Christianity and Islam.
4. A cultural Christian is a secular or nonreligious individual who still significantly identifies with
Christian culture. Christian deists of the 18th and early 19th centuries, such as Napoleon and
various Founding Fathers of the United States, similarly considered themselves part of Christian
culture, despite their doubts about the divinity of Jesus.
Contrasting terms are "biblical Christian", "committed Christian”, “converted Christian", or "believing
Christian".
5. Chinese culture is one of the world's oldest cultures. The area in which the culture is
dominant covers a large geographical region in eastern Asia with customs and traditions
varying greatly between provinces, cities, and even towns. Important components of Chinese
culture include literature, music, visual arts, martial arts, cuisine, etc.
6. The culture of Japan has evolved greatly over the millennia, from the country's prehistoric
Jōmon period, to its contemporary hybrid culture, which combines influences from
Asia, Europe, and North America. The inhabitants of Japan experienced a long period of
relative isolation from the outside world during the Tokugawa shogun ate, until the arrival of
"The Black Ships" and the Meiji period
7. The culture of Egypt has thousands of years of recorded history. Ancient Egypt was
among the earliest civilizations. For millennia, Egypt maintained a strikingly complex and
stable culture that influenced later cultures of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. After
the Pharaonic era, Egypt itself came under the influence of Hellenism, for a time
Christianity, and later, Islamic culture. Today, many aspects of Egypt's ancient culture
exist in interaction with newer elements, including the influence of modern Western
culture
8. The culture of Africa encompasses and includes all cultures within the continent of Africa.
There is a political or racial split between North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa, which is in
turn divided into a great number of ethnic cultures. African cultures are diverse and varied
and not static, and like most of the world have been impacted upon by both internal and
external forces.
9. South Indian culture refers to the culture of the South Indian states of Karnataka, Tamil
Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala. South Indian culture though with its visible differences
forms an important part of the Indian culture. The South Indian Culture is essentially the
celebration of the eternal universe through the celebration of the beauty of the body and
motherhood. It is exemplified through its dance, clothing, and sculptures
10. The culture of Asia is human civilization in Asia. It features different kinds of cultural heritage
of many nationalities, societies, and ethnic groups in the region, traditionally called a
continent from a Western-centric perspective, of Asia. The region or "continent" is more
commonly divided into more natural geographic and cultural subregions, including the Central
Asia, East Asia, North Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia and West Asia. Geographically, Asia
is not a distinct continent; culturally, there has been little unity or common history for many of
the cultures and peoples of Asia.
Asian art, music, and cuisine, as well as literature, are important parts of Asian culture.
Eastern philosophy and religion also plays a major role, with
Hinduism, Taoism, Confucianism, Buddhism, Judaism and Islam all playing major roles. One
of the most complex parts of Asian culture is the relationship between traditional cultures and
the Western world.
![A Muslim, also spelled Moslem,]is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion
based on the Qur'an—which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to
prophet Muhammad—and, with lesser authority than the Qur'an, the teachings and practices
of Muhammad as recorded in traditional accounts, called hadith. "Muslim" is an Arabic word
meaning "one who submits to God".
Muslims believe that God is eternal, transcendent, absolutely one (the doctrine of tawhid, or
strict or simple monotheism), and incomparable; that he is self-sustaining, who begets not nor
was begotten. Muslim beliefs regarding God are summed up in chapter 112 of the Qur'an, al-
Ikhlas, "the chapter of purity". Muslims also believe that Islam is the complete and universal
version of a primordial faith that was revealed at many times and places before, including
through the prophets Abraham, Moses and Jesus. Muslims maintain that previous messages
and revelations have been partially changed or corrupted over time, but consider the Qur'an
to be both unaltered and the final revelation from God—Final Testament.](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)