SlideShare a Scribd company logo
FACT: Teaching and learning
      are rooted in and are
      dependent upon a
      common language
      between teacher and
      student.
NAEP Fourth Grade
            Reading Performance
                                Texas
                              2008-2009


100%                     20                        12
           42                         46           14
80%
                         26                                     63
60%
           36                         34           74
40%
                         54                                     29
20%        22                         20
                                                                 8
 0%
        African      White       Hispanic      Asian        ELL/LEP
       American

                Proficient/Advanced    Basic     Below Basic
                                Source: National Center for Educational Statistics
African American English (noun):
a nonstandard form of American
English characteristically spoken
by some African Americans in the
United States.
Transforming Views
Then                            Now
  “Pupils were made to scuff     African American English
  at the Negro dialect as        has evolved to the point of
  some peculiar possession of
  the Negro which they           dispelling the myth that
  should despise, rather than    African Americans are
  directed to study the          incapable of mastering
  background of this language    Standard English and bound
  as a broken down African
  tongue”.                       to a “language of illiteracy”
   -Carter G. Woodson, 1933      (Christensen, 2008).
Language 101:
Language in Communicative Context
• Pragmatics

Language as a Meaning System
• Semantics

Language as a Structured Rule-Governed System
• Syntax
• Morphology
• Phonology
The Development of AAE
                                Dialectologists
                                     View




  Deficit     vs.   Different     Creolist
Perspective         Theories     Hypothesis




                                Ethnolinguistic
                                   Theory
Ethnolinguist View
 •   Bambara                     •   Kimbundu
 •   Ewe                         •   Longo
 •   Fanta                       •   Mandinka
 •   Fon                         •   Mende
 •   Fula                        •   Twi
 •   Hausa                       •   Umbundu
 •   Igbo                        •   Wolof
 •   Ibibio                      •   Yoruba
Source: Turner, Lorenzo “Africanisms In The Gullah Dialect” 1973
Characteristic Phonological
            Features of AAE
  Phonological       Standard English African American
   Variables                               English

Consonant Cluster     desk, test, cold   des, tes, col

/th/ sound             this or mouth     dis or mouf

/r/ sound                  sister           sista

Stressed Syllables        police            police
Historic African American Legislation



                                                      Ebonics
                                                      Resolution of
                                                      Oakland
                                    Martin Luther     California
                                    King Junior
                                    Elementary
                   Brown v. Board   School Children
                   of Education     et al., v. Ann
                                    Arbor School
   The 13th                         District
   Amendment
   of the United
   States
   Constitution
Current              Sociolinguistics
        Educational
         Theory &
          Practice



                      Multicultural
                      Instructional
                        Practices




Improved Academic Performance for
    African American Students
Culturally
Linguistically
Responsive
Instruction
Culturally and Linguistically
 Responsive Environments

                            Developing
            Teacher         Multicultural
          Development       Classrooms



        School                     Tailoring
      Environment                 Instruction


                       Family
                    Involvement
Teacher Development
  Teacher
Development


 Focus on providing professional
 development on practices that
 support culturally and
 linguistically diverse learners.
School Environment

  Focus on developing shared
  responsibility for educating
  students in an environment
  that is steeped in the additive
  view of culture and language.
   School
Environment
Family Involvement

Focus on establishing open
communication with students
and their families.


              Family
           Involvement
Tailoring Instruction

Focus on teaching specific skills,
reteaching them utilizing significantly
different instructional approaches,
employing informal and formal
methods to assess individual students’
strengths and weaknesses.
                                   Tailoring
                                  Instruction
Developing Multicultural Classrooms

                           Developing
                           Multicultural
Focus on implementing      Classrooms

instruction that optimizes
student achievement and
positively reinforcing cultural
identity.
Culturally and linguistically responsive instruction presentation

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Culturally and linguistically responsive instruction presentation

  • 1. FACT: Teaching and learning are rooted in and are dependent upon a common language between teacher and student.
  • 2. NAEP Fourth Grade Reading Performance Texas 2008-2009 100% 20 12 42 46 14 80% 26 63 60% 36 34 74 40% 54 29 20% 22 20 8 0% African White Hispanic Asian ELL/LEP American Proficient/Advanced Basic Below Basic Source: National Center for Educational Statistics
  • 3. African American English (noun): a nonstandard form of American English characteristically spoken by some African Americans in the United States.
  • 4. Transforming Views Then Now “Pupils were made to scuff African American English at the Negro dialect as has evolved to the point of some peculiar possession of the Negro which they dispelling the myth that should despise, rather than African Americans are directed to study the incapable of mastering background of this language Standard English and bound as a broken down African tongue”. to a “language of illiteracy” -Carter G. Woodson, 1933 (Christensen, 2008).
  • 5.
  • 6. Language 101: Language in Communicative Context • Pragmatics Language as a Meaning System • Semantics Language as a Structured Rule-Governed System • Syntax • Morphology • Phonology
  • 7. The Development of AAE Dialectologists View Deficit vs. Different Creolist Perspective Theories Hypothesis Ethnolinguistic Theory
  • 8. Ethnolinguist View • Bambara • Kimbundu • Ewe • Longo • Fanta • Mandinka • Fon • Mende • Fula • Twi • Hausa • Umbundu • Igbo • Wolof • Ibibio • Yoruba Source: Turner, Lorenzo “Africanisms In The Gullah Dialect” 1973
  • 9.
  • 10. Characteristic Phonological Features of AAE Phonological Standard English African American Variables English Consonant Cluster desk, test, cold des, tes, col /th/ sound this or mouth dis or mouf /r/ sound sister sista Stressed Syllables police police
  • 11. Historic African American Legislation Ebonics Resolution of Oakland Martin Luther California King Junior Elementary Brown v. Board School Children of Education et al., v. Ann Arbor School The 13th District Amendment of the United States Constitution
  • 12. Current Sociolinguistics Educational Theory & Practice Multicultural Instructional Practices Improved Academic Performance for African American Students
  • 14. Culturally and Linguistically Responsive Environments Developing Teacher Multicultural Development Classrooms School Tailoring Environment Instruction Family Involvement
  • 15. Teacher Development Teacher Development Focus on providing professional development on practices that support culturally and linguistically diverse learners.
  • 16. School Environment Focus on developing shared responsibility for educating students in an environment that is steeped in the additive view of culture and language. School Environment
  • 17. Family Involvement Focus on establishing open communication with students and their families. Family Involvement
  • 18. Tailoring Instruction Focus on teaching specific skills, reteaching them utilizing significantly different instructional approaches, employing informal and formal methods to assess individual students’ strengths and weaknesses. Tailoring Instruction
  • 19. Developing Multicultural Classrooms Developing Multicultural Focus on implementing Classrooms instruction that optimizes student achievement and positively reinforcing cultural identity.