course material

1. Cultural Competence is an Important Aptitude for Nurses.
Cultural Competence is an Important Aptitude for Nurses. Please select one of the cultural
assessment strategies and write a paper to describe how you would assess the
psychological, spiritual, physiological, social, environmental, and epidemiological data on a
particular cultural group described in your book (Spector, 2017) or in the modules. The
paper should be no more than 5 pages in length and written in APA format. There should be
at least 5 references in the paper which may include but are not limited to: Primary
research articles, Internet Sources, or Expert Opinion Papers.Cultural Competence is an
Important Aptitude for Nurses.ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HEREPlease submit all
assignments to turn-it-in. No papers with a similarity score of more than 35% will be
accepted (even if the similarity is to previous papers you have written).Please use Purnell to
be a strategic assessment and use Chinese patientAbstractCultural competence is an
important aptitude for nurses. The Purnell model is based on cultural diversity and thus can
enable nurses to deliver culturally competent care. Therefore, cultural assessment for a
patient should include aspects such as spirituality, psychological, physiological, social, and
environmental aspects. Spiritual assessment for a Chinese patient should take into account
the patient’s religious beliefs, such as the suffering being God ordained. Psychological
assessment should integrate Purnell’s domain such as communication and healthcare
practices.Cultural Competence is an Important Aptitude for Nurses. Chinese culture has its
distinct communication styles and healthcare practices that may impact their psychological
health. Physiological assessment should assess the patient’s high-risk behaviors, nutrition,
healthcare practices, and the healthcare provider; Chinese culture has its unique diet and
behavioral practices that impact an individual’s physical health. Patient’s social assessment
should integrate aspects such as communication and family roles and organization aspects
from the Purnell model. The environmental assessment for the patient should assess the
patient’s communication preferences, healthcare practice, and gender roles in order to
deliver culturally competent care. Therefore, environment assessment will integrate
domains such as workforce issues and bicultural ecology from the Purnell model. Finally,
the overview/heritage element of the Purnell domain can be applied to collect relevant
epidemiological data for the patient; this data can reveal the predisposing risk factors to
disease for the patient.Cultural Competence is an Important Aptitude for Nurses.Cultural
AssessmentIntroductionCulture care highlights the importance of considering the beliefs
and heritage of the patient when developing the treatment plan. Therefore, a nurse is
required to recognize that people have diverse cultures, ethnics, races and, hence require

2. treatment that respects the distinctiveness of every person. The Purnell model provides the
foundation to understand the different aspects of diverse culture, enabling nurses to
effectively take into consideration patient aspectssuch as experiences and beliefs regarding
healthcare and disease (Purnell, 2016). The Purnell model consists of domains such as
heritage, family, spirituality, diet, communication, healthcare practices, high-risk behaviors,
among other domains. These domains are essential when assessing an aspect of various
ethnic groups (Purnell, 2016). Accordingly, this paper will use Purnell model as the
strategic assessment to describe the assessment of a Chinese patient.Cultural Competence is
an Important Aptitude for Nurses.Spiritual AssessmentSpiritual assessment for the patient
would include assessing their religious practice, their perception about life, and how the
patient understands spiritual healing (Spector, 2017). For example, Chinese patients
sometimes believe that pain thorough sickness before dying is a means of reparation for any
sin an individual might have committed; when someone does not suffer when alive, they
suffer later in the next life (Wu et al, 2017). Therefore, for such a patient, spirituality may
affect how they take treatment. For example, some Chinese patients may refuse to take
analgesics because they believe through suffering their sins will be atoned (Lee et al, 2018).
Additionally, in China, they believe that prayers can be used to invoke healing when
treatment fails. Therefore, spiritual assessment for such a patient may enable the nurse to
meet the health needs of the patient because the nurse will be spiritually aware and
knowledgeable regarding the patient’s views aboutthe disease, health, as well as the divider
spiritual and religious practices (Spector, 2017).Psychological AssessmentWhen performing
a psychological assessment, the domains of communication and health care practices of the
Purnell model should be integrated. Communication is an important aspect ofpsychological
assessment(Spector, 2017). According to the Purnnel model, use of language, the readiness
to share feelings and thoughts, as well as body language communications are important
aspects during the cultural assessment. For example, facial expressions and body
movements are an important part of communication for Chinese patients. Additionally,
Chinese people tend to have limited eye contact, which may be an important aspect to
consider during the assessment (Wu et al, 2017). Additionally, Chinese believe that good
mood promotes a healthy body and hence any psychological assessment should consider
the holistic wellbeing of the body, mind,and soul. Healthcare practices for the patient should
also be considered during the assessment. According to the Purnnel model, healthcare
practices such as views towards mental illness, as well as traditional and religious beliefs
should be considered during the cultural assessment(Lee et al, 2018). For example, the
Chinese have different views regarding psychological and mental health. For instance, the
exclusivity of Chinese culture significantly influences emotion and psychological health as
well. The aspects of Confucianism and Taoism emphasize on developing relationships with
others, conforming to social norms and balancing emotional and spiritual needs. In addition,
psychological health is normally stigmatized in the Chinese nation and the psychological
wellbeing is considerablyinfluencedby harmonious relationships with other people(Lee et
al, 2018).Therefore, these are some of the aspects that should be considered during a
psychosocial assessment of a Chinese patient.Physiological AssessmentPhysiological
assessment of a Chinese patient will include assessment of the high-risk behaviors,

3. nutrition, healthcare practices, as well as a healthcare provider. The high-risk behaviors for
the patient may include assessment of substance use, as well as physical activities (Spector,
2017). For example, the Chinese culture supports physical activities, but there are specific
physical activities that are appropriate in the Chinese culture. Similarly, the Chinese culture
its own distinct dietary preferences and therefore this is an important aspect to consider
during the patient’s assessment. According to the Purnell model, nutrition assessment
should assess the food availability; the meaning of food and food choice as well as food
taboos (Liu et al, 2014). Nutritional assessment will ensure that the patient is only provided
with culturally suitable food choices during care provision.Additionally, the healthcare
practices for the patient will need to be assessed. For example, individual responsibility for
health is extremely important for a patient. This will help identify the role the patient can
play in ensuring their physical wellbeing and can include practices such as adhering to the
treatment regimen or engaging in traditional-based health practices. In Chinese culture, it is
a common practice for people to engage in traditional treatments such as acupuncture,
cupping/scraping, Chinese nutrition and Chinese herbs (Cui & Yuan, 2018).Cultural
Competence is an Important Aptitude for Nurses.Social AssessmentSocial assessment is
covered within the communication and family roles and organization aspects of the Purnell
model. The family roles and organization can assess the effect of social status and social
relationships for the individual (Spector, 2017). For example, social support is extremely
important for a patient in Chinese culture; therefore, assessment of social support for the
patient should be taken into consideration (Wu et al, 2017). Language use for the patient is
also an important factor to take into consideration. This is because the patient may
experience various language barriers and therefore this should be assessed. For instance, in
case the Chinese patient does not understand English, there is a need to have a Chinese
interpreter for the patient (Meuter et al, 2015).Environmental AssessmentEnvironmental
assessment integrates aspects such as workforce issues and bicultural ecology from the
Purnell model. Workforce issues for the patient may cover aspects such as ethnic
communication, gender roles as well as healthcare practices of the nationality. Bicultural
ecology assessment involves the ethnic or racial physical differences that may impact a
patient’s healthcare (Spector, 2017). For a Chinese patient, it is important to assess Chinese
communication preferences, healthcare practice, and gender roles in order to deliver
culturally competent care to the patient. Moreover, since physical orientations, such as race
or ethnicity have been shown to influence treatment such as metabolism of medications; it
is important to take these aspects into consideration during care delivery (Liu et al,
2014).Cultural Competence is an Important Aptitude for Nurses.Epidemiological DataThe
patient’s epidemiological data can reveal the predisposing risk factors to disease. The
overview/heritage element of the Purnell domain can provide this data. According to the
Purnell model, overview/heritage provides information regarding the country of origin,
educational level, current residence,and the effects, socio-economic status and well as
politics (Purnell, 2016). Such information can provide the patient’s likely risk to risk factors
such as environmental factors, lifestyle risk factors, diet, and other infectious agents. In
addition, such data can provide the incidence and geographic variance and hence help in
understanding the susceptibility of the patient to some diseases (Spector, 2017).Cultural

4. Competence is an Important Aptitude for Nurses.ConclusionCultural beliefs and values
provide important information to ensure the delivery of culturally competent healthcare.
From the analysis, the Chinese culture is distinctive and therefore the unique cultural
aspects should be taken into consideration during care delivery. For example, spirituality is
highly regarded in Chinese culture during the journey of sickness and treatment. Similarly,
aspects such as diet and cultural view of the patient regarding psychological health are
some of the factors that should be considered when developing a treatment plan for a
Chinese patient. When a nurse understands and integrates the Chinese culture for Chinese
patients; it can help in developing a positive interaction and relationship with the patient
and the family and ensure that the patient gets culturally suitable care.Cultural Competence
is an Important Aptitude for Nurses.AbstractCultural competence is an important aptitude
for nurses. The Purnell model is based on cultural diversity and thus can enable nurses to
deliver culturally competent care. Therefore, cultural assessment for a patient should
include aspects such as spirituality, psychological, physiological, social, and environmental
aspects. Spiritual assessment for a Chinese patient should take into account the patient’s
religious beliefs such as the suffering being God ordained. Psychological assessment should
integrate Purnell’s domain such as communication and healthcare practices. Chinese culture
has its distinct communication styles and healthcare practices that may impact their
psychological health. Physiological assessment should assess the patient’s high-risk
behaviors, nutrition, healthcare practices, and the healthcare provider; Chinese culture has
its unique diet and behavioral practices that impact an individual’s physical health. Patient’s
social assessment should integrate aspects such as communication and family roles and
organization aspects from the Purnell model. The environmental assessment for the patient
should assess the patient’s communication preferences, healthcare practice, and gender
roles in order to deliver culturally competent care. Therefore, environment assessment will
integrate domains such as workforce issues and bicultural ecology from the Purnell model.
Finally, the overview/heritage element of the Purnell domain can be applied to collect the
relevant epidemiological data for the patient; this data can reveal the predisposing risk
factors to disease for the patient.Cultural Competence is an Important Aptitude for
Nurses.Cultural AssessmentIntroductionCulture care highlights the importance of
considering the beliefs and heritage of the patient when developing the treatment plan.
Therefore, a nurse is required to recognize that people have diverse cultures, ethnics, and
races and, hence required treatment that respects the distinctiveness of every person. The
Purnell model provides the foundation to understand the different aspects of diverse
culture, enabling nurses to effectively take into consideration patient aspectssuch as
experiences and beliefs regarding healthcare and disease (Purnell, 2016). The Purnell
model consists of domains such as heritage, family, spirituality, diet, communication,
healthcare practices, high-risk behaviors, among other domains. These domains are
essential when assessing an aspect of various ethnic groups (Purnell, 2016). Accordingly,
this paper will Purnell model as the strategic assessment to describe the assessment of a
Chinese patient.Cultural Competence is an Important Aptitude for Nurses.Spiritual
AssessmentSpiritual assessment for the patient would include assessing their religious
practice, their perception about life, and how the patient understands spiritual healing

5. (Spector, 2017). For example, Chinese patients believe that suffering thorough sickness
before dying is a means of reparation for any sin an individual might have committed; when
someone does not suffer when alive, they suffer later in the next life (Wu et al, 2017).
Therefore, for such a patient, spirituality may affect how they take treatment. For example,
some Chinese patients may refuse to take analgesics because they believe through suffering
their sins will be atoned (Lee et al, 2018). Additionally, in China, they believe that prayers
can be used to invoke healing when treatment fails. Therefore, spiritual assessment for such
a patient may enable the nurse to meet the health needs of the patient because the nurse
will be spiritually aware and knowledgeable regarding how the patient views disease,
health, as well as the divider spiritual and religious practices (Spector, 2017).Psychological
AssessmentWhen performing a psychological assessment, the domains of communication
and health care practices of the Purnell model should be integrated. Communication is an
important aspect ofpsychological assessment(Spector, 2017). According to the Purnnel
model, use of language, the readiness to share feelings and thoughts, as well as body
language communications are important aspects during the cultural assessment. For
example, facial expressions and body movements are an important part of communication
for Chinese patients. Additionally, Chinese have limited eye contact, which may be an
important aspect to consider during the assessment (Wu et al, 2017). Additionally, Chinese
believe that good mood promotes a healthy body and hence any psychological assessment
should consider the holistic wellbeing of the body, mind,and soul. Healthcare practices for
the patient should also be considered during the assessment. According to the Purnnel
model, healthcare practices such as views towards mental illness and the traditional and
magicoreligious beliefs should be considered during the cultural assessment(Lee et al,
2018). For example, the Chinese have different views regarding psychological and mental
health. For instance, the exclusivity of Chinese culture significantly influences emotion and
psychological health as well. The aspects of Confucianism and Taoism emphasize on
developing relationships with others, conforming to the social norms and balancing
emotional and spiritual needs. In addition, psychological health is normally stigmatized in
the Chinese nation and the psychological wellbeing is considerablyinfluencedby
harmonious relationships with other people(Lee et al, 2018).Therefore, these are some of
the aspects that should be considered during a psychosocial assessment of a Chinese
patient.Cultural Competence is an Important Aptitude for Nurses.Physiological
AssessmentPhysiological assessment of a Chinese patient will include assessment of the
high-risk behaviors, nutrition, healthcare practices, as well as a healthcare provider. The
high-risk behaviors for the patient may include assessment of substance use, as well as
physical activities (Spector, 2017). For example, the Chinese culture supports being
physically active but there are specific physical activities that are appropriate in the Chinese
culture. Similarly, the Chinese culture its own distinct dietary preferences and therefore this
is an important aspect to consider during the patient’s assessment. According to the Purnell
model, nutrition assessment should assess the food availability; the meaning of food and
food choice as well as food taboos (Liu et al, 2014). Nutritional assessment will ensure that
the patient is only provided with the culturally suitable food choices during care provision.
Additionally, the healthcare practices for the patient will need to be assessed. For example,

6. individual responsibility for health is extremely important for a patient. This will help
identify the role the patient can play in ensuring their physical wellbeing and can include
practices such as adhering to the treatment regimen or engaging in traditional-based health
practices. In Chinese culture, it is a common practice for people to engage in traditional
treatments such as acupuncture, cupping/scraping, Chinese nutrition and Chinese herbs
(Cui & Yuan, 2018).Cultural Competence is an Important Aptitude for Nurses.Social
AssessmentSocial assessment is covered in the communication and family roles and
organization aspects of the Purnell model. The family roles and organization can assess the
effect of social status and social relationships for the individual (Spector, 2017). For
example, social support is extremely important for a patient in Chinese culture and hence
assessment of the availability of social support for the patient should be taken into
consideration (Wu et al, 2017). Language use for the patient is also an important factor to
take into consideration. This is because the patient may experience various language
barriers and therefore this should be assessed. For instance, in case the Chinese patient
does not understand English, there is a need to have a Chinese interpreter for the patient
(Meuter et al, 2015).Cultural Competence is an Important Aptitude for
Nurses.Environmental AssessmentEnvironmental assessment integrates aspects such as
workforce issues and bicultural ecology from the Purnell model. Workforce issues for the
patient may cover aspects such as ethnic communication, gender roles as well as healthcare
practices of the nationality. Bicultural ecology assessment involves the ethnic or racial
physical differences that may impact a patient’s healthcare (Spector, 2017). For a Chinese
patient, it is important to assess Chinese communication preferences, healthcare practice,
and gender roles in order to deliver culturally competent care to the patient. Moreover,
since physical orientations such as race or ethnicity have been shown to influence
treatment such as metabolism of medications; it is important to take these aspects into
consideration during care delivery (Liu et al, 2014).Epidemiological DataThe patient’s
epidemiological data can reveal the predisposing risk factors to disease. Overview/heritage
element of the Purnell domain can provide this data. According to the Purnell model,
overview/heritage provides information regarding the country of origin, educational level,
current residence,and the effects, socio-economic status and well as politics (Purnell, 2016).
Such information can provide the patient’s likely risk to risk factors such as environmental
factors, lifestyle risk factors, diet, and other infectious agents. In addition, such data can
provide the incidence and geographic variance and hence help in understand the
susceptibility of the patient to some diseases (Spector, 2017).ConclusionCultural beliefs and
values provide important information to ensure the delivery of culturally competent
healthcare. From the analysis, the Chinese culture is distinctive and therefore the unique
cultural aspects should be taken into consideration during care delivery. For example,
spirituality is highly regarded in Chinese culture during the journey of sickness and
treatment. Similarly, aspects such as dietary and cultural view regarding psychological
health are some of the factors that should be considered when developing a treatment plan
for a Chinese patient. When a nurse understands and integrates the Chinese culture for
Chinese patients; it can help in developing a positive interaction and relationship with the

7. patient and the family and ensure that the patient gets culturally suitable care.Cultural
Competence is an Important Aptitude for Nurses.