This document discusses the potential role of a health psychologist in the Parkinson's service at Western General Hospital in Edinburgh. It provides an overview of the Parkinson's service and notes two key health behaviors - medication adherence and physical activity - that impact patient outcomes. The document argues that a health psychologist could address these issues by introducing theory-based interventions, like motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral therapy, to increase medication adherence and physical activity. A health psychologist could also provide training to nurses on these interventions and theories of health behavior.
Patients in medical rehabilitation (such as for stroke or spinal cord injury) often have many medical problems that reduce their energy and cognition. If their team decides they are 'psychologically unmotivated' they are discharged prematurely to nursing homes. Appropriate medical intervention can restore 'motivation' as well.
Cancer Rehabilitation. integrating rehabilitation with oncology. a model of care. cancer survivorship. rehabilitation care in low resource area. Mrinal Joshi. Rehabilitation Research Center. Jaipur.
Patients in medical rehabilitation (such as for stroke or spinal cord injury) often have many medical problems that reduce their energy and cognition. If their team decides they are 'psychologically unmotivated' they are discharged prematurely to nursing homes. Appropriate medical intervention can restore 'motivation' as well.
Cancer Rehabilitation. integrating rehabilitation with oncology. a model of care. cancer survivorship. rehabilitation care in low resource area. Mrinal Joshi. Rehabilitation Research Center. Jaipur.
Cancer and role of occupational therapist in cancer Ambreen Sadaf
Introduction to oncology
Role of occupational therapy
Hazards to life due to cancer
Interventional aim to cancer
Lifestyle management
Benefits of occupational therapy in oncology
Occupational service in cancer
Interventions
Role of occupational therapy in cancer or oncology
Consolidating, Improving, and Novel Palliative Care: Order SetsMike Aref
A selection of slides, taken from a series of presentations, showing the evolution of consolidating and developing order sets for delivery of primary palliative care in our healthcare system.
Presentation on palliative care given at the Caregiver's Conference for the Cystic Fibrosis Affiliate and Satellite Sites at Riley Children's Hospital.
45 minutes of suffering (or Anesthesia Grand Rounds on Palliative Care)Mike Aref
Presentation on what palliative care is, comparison with hospice, primary palliative care screening, goals-of-care, definitions of DNR, basics of acute pain management and WHO analgesic ladder.
Self management is a recent concept in pulmonary rehabilitation. this concept uses patient's ability to manage their self with no direct interaction with their healthcare provider.
A presentation on Malaysian Cancer Care Initiative 2017 hosted by Ramsay Sime Darby Asia. With an increased focus on involving patients to improve safety and quality as well as implementing sustainable cost-effective improvements, person-centred care is key.
Palliative care is an approach to care which improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problem associated with life-threatening illness.
The Healthcare Team as the Healthcare Provider: A Different View of the Patie...guesta14581
Presentation to the Ohio State Society of Medical Assistant's annual convention about the Patient Centered Medical Home and the role of the medical assistant
Cancer and role of occupational therapist in cancer Ambreen Sadaf
Introduction to oncology
Role of occupational therapy
Hazards to life due to cancer
Interventional aim to cancer
Lifestyle management
Benefits of occupational therapy in oncology
Occupational service in cancer
Interventions
Role of occupational therapy in cancer or oncology
Consolidating, Improving, and Novel Palliative Care: Order SetsMike Aref
A selection of slides, taken from a series of presentations, showing the evolution of consolidating and developing order sets for delivery of primary palliative care in our healthcare system.
Presentation on palliative care given at the Caregiver's Conference for the Cystic Fibrosis Affiliate and Satellite Sites at Riley Children's Hospital.
45 minutes of suffering (or Anesthesia Grand Rounds on Palliative Care)Mike Aref
Presentation on what palliative care is, comparison with hospice, primary palliative care screening, goals-of-care, definitions of DNR, basics of acute pain management and WHO analgesic ladder.
Self management is a recent concept in pulmonary rehabilitation. this concept uses patient's ability to manage their self with no direct interaction with their healthcare provider.
A presentation on Malaysian Cancer Care Initiative 2017 hosted by Ramsay Sime Darby Asia. With an increased focus on involving patients to improve safety and quality as well as implementing sustainable cost-effective improvements, person-centred care is key.
Palliative care is an approach to care which improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problem associated with life-threatening illness.
The Healthcare Team as the Healthcare Provider: A Different View of the Patie...guesta14581
Presentation to the Ohio State Society of Medical Assistant's annual convention about the Patient Centered Medical Home and the role of the medical assistant
Finding Your Sizzle: the Importance of Emotions in FundraisingBloomerang
https://bloomerang.co/resources/webinars/
Wendy Dyer will explore the importance of emotions in fundraising among the growing movement of “effective altruism,” which encourages funding decisions based solely on intellect.
Running head PROJECT MILESTONE TWO 1.PROJECT MILESTONE.docxtodd581
Running head: PROJECT MILESTONE TWO
1.
PROJECT MILESTONE TWO
6.
Running head: FINAL PROJECT MILESTONE
3.
Southern New Hampshire University
January 6th, 2019
Research question: “Does self-disclosure of the therapist improve eating disorder treatment.”
Hypothesis: Self-disclosure of the therapist improves eating disorder treatment.
Information On Research
The key variables for this research are self-disclosure of the therapist and eating disorder treatment. This research will focus on online research whereby participants will be recruited from an eating disorder charity database. The participants will be asked about the status of their condition and how they feel about having the disorder. The neutral condition will be that the therapists will disclose their sexuality and their feelings towards the patients’ conditions and personality (Marziliano, Pessin, Rosenfeld, & Breitbart, 2018).
Process of Study
The study will continue for two months with the therapists making contact with the participants once every week. These conditions will form the independent variables. The dependent variable would be participants continued to receive positive self-disclosures from the therapist leading to a greater level of patient self-disclosure, which lowered their shame, and encouraged the participants to continue with the treatment process. The participants will also be asked if they have been involved in any treatment before, and how they could describe their therapeutic alliance (Fuertes, Moore, & Ganley, 2018).
A longitudinal study and the rate of drop-out will be used to gather more information about the participants. The collected data will then be analyzed in relation to the independent variables by the end of the study. One of the ethical issues, which will be looked into while conducting the study, is informed consent. Participants will be informed about the purpose of the research and will have the right to participate or not participate in it. Secondly, the research will ensure the privacy and confidentiality of every participant.
Annotated Bibliography:
Secrecy and concealment are typical behaviors in individuals with eating problems. In the article titled “ Self-Disclosure in eating disorders,” researchers examined women with greater related eating issues and determined whether or not, these women would be willing to disclose information. In this study, different types of disclosure were calculated considering the body appearance of the individual and to restrained eating. This article would benefit my research because it provides great information that will confirm my theory and test my hypothesis.
Abstract 1.
Those who suffer from eating disorders are very emotional beings. Often times, some may not feel a need to express their need to not eat foods. Many women become self-conscious about their weight and find it hard to share th.
Compliance, concordance and empowerment in patients with type two diabetes me...NiyotiKhilare
This presentation compares the traditional model that focuses on compliance of the patient, with the new model which focuses on empowering the patient. The presentation will also focus elaborately on empowerment as an intervention for improved medical adherence in diabetic patients.
Explore and analyse concordance as a concept and empowerment as a strategic intervention to improve patient outcomes in diabetes.
Functional medicine is a systems biology-based approach to health care that focuses on finding and treating disease’s core cause. Each symptom or differential diagnosis might be one of several factors causing a person’ssickness.
A diagnosis might be the consequence of many factors, as shown in the diagram. Depression, for example, can be caused by a variety of reasons, including inflammation. Similarly, a cause like inflammation can contribute to a variety of diseases, including depression. Each cause’s particular manifestation is determined by the individual’s genes, environment, and lifestyle, and only treatments that target the root cause will provide long-term benefits beyond symptom relief.
WHO ARE FUNCTIONAL MEDICINE DOCTORS ?
Doctors who practice functional medicine have specific training and tools for determining the origins of complicated disorders. They may look at several causes that are producing a problem, or they may look into several conditions that are causing one symptom.
A Functional medicine practitioner looks at your entire health picture, including your physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual well-being.
Diet, genetics, hormonal fluctuations, prescription, over-the-counter drugs, and other lifestyle variables are all taken into account. This sort of specialist may be excellent for those who have chronic conditions that are difficult to treat with traditional medicine.
FM is a type of medicine that focuses After finishing standard medical school, professionals choose to specialize in functional medicine. Functional medicine may be practised by other sorts of health practitioners, such as chiropractors and naturopaths.
What does a Functional medicine doctor do India?
IFM doctors dig deep into your medical history to find out the root cause of your ailment. In comparison to traditional doctors, they generally spend more time with you. They gather detailed information regarding the ailment as well as your entire way of life.
A functional doctors may ask you about: –
Symptoms
Sleep Patterns
Nutrition
Stressors
Personal Relationships
Emotional Well Being
Exercise Habit
They then create a treatment strategy to address a variety of issues that may be contributing to chronic illness. Prescription drugs, vitamins, and other treatments may be included.
What is the Difference between integrative health and functional medicine ?
Integrative Health
Integrative medicine, like IFM, tries to assess the patient as a whole person rather than simply a condition. Integrative medicine sees the patient as a complex of mental, emotional, physical, and spiritual requirements that are all interconnected and impact the person’s overall health. Integrative medicine specialists typically combine numerous therapies such as acupuncture, massage therapy, chiropractic care, behavioural therapy, homoeopathy, and energy work to give comprehensive treatment in all areas because there are so many distinct elements to address
Functional Medicine
As the
C H I R O E CO . CO M F e B r u a r y 2 4 , 2 0 1 7 • C H I R .docxclairbycraft
C H I R O E CO . CO M F e B r u a r y 2 4 , 2 0 1 7 • C H I R O P R A C T I C E CO N O M I C S 41
WELLNESSAPPROACH
THE NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS WHOSUFFER FROM COMPLEX CHRONICdiseases such as heart disease,
diabetes, cancer, and autoimmune
disorders is on the rise. The conven-
tional care provided by allopathic
medicine is oriented toward acute care
and the diagnosis of trauma or disease
of limited duration, such as a broken
limb or heart attack.
Medical physicians practicing in this
model typically prescribe drugs or
surgery with the goal of ameliorating
the immediate conditionand symptoms.
If, as a DC, you are frustrated by
watching your patients suffer from
chronic disease and be cycled through
the system of diagnosis and drugs
without improvement, Functional
Medicine (FM) can provide you with
powerful tools and strategies to help
your patients regain their health.
Why Functional Medicine?
The acute-care approach is ill-equipped
to handle the multifaceted issues that
accompany most chronic diseases. It’s
also a model that fails to address the
unique genetic background of each
individual. It also does not take into
account the impact of modern lifestyles
and environmental factors that can
lead to an increase in chronic diseases.
These factors include diet, exercise,
exposure to toxins, and stress. For
these reasons, most doctors are
unequipped to assess the underlying
causes of disease. They do not know
how to utilize diet, exercise, and
nutrition as preventive factors in
combating chronic disease.
From an allopathic perspective, FM
offers a novel approach and method-
ology to treating andpreventing chronic
diseases. From a chiropractic perspec-
tive, seeking to discover the underlying
cause of disease by examining how
structure impacts function is a foun-
dational principal for the profession.
By joining forces, either through
collaboration or in a more formal
integrative or multidisciplinary practice
setting, allopathic physicians and
chiropractors can help their patients
derive the greatest benefit from both
perspectives. Practitioners of FM
develop individualized treatment
programs that address the interaction
between the external environment and
the internal environment of the body,
The heart of the matter
What you need to know about Functional Medicine.
BY MARK SANNA, DC
A
D
O
BE
ST
O
C
K
http://www.chiroeco.com
42 C H I R O P R A C T I C E CO N O M I C S • F e B r u a r y 2 4 , 2 0 1 7 C H I R O E C O . CO M
WELLNESSAPPROACH
including the immune, endocrine, and
gastrointestinal systems.
How is Functional Medicine
different?
From an FM perspective, the primary
factors considered during a patient
assessment include foundational
lifestyle factors: nutrition, exercise,
sleep, stress level, interpersonal
relationships, andgenetics. These
primary factors are, in turn, influenced
by certain predisposing factors,
ongoing physiological processes, and
discrete events that result in an
imbalance in the body’s ability to
maintain .
An Interprofessional Approach to Substance Abuse in Primary CareASAMPUBS
An integrated model of treatment improves care by recognizing that patients need clear and consistent care from their primary care provider “in a way that thoroughly considers biological, social, behavioral, and psychological components of their presenting complaint” by integrating psychological, addiction, and other treatments into a cohesive whole.
The Health Promotion Model Nola J. PenderChapter 18Ov.docxoreo10
The Health Promotion Model:
Nola J. Pender
Chapter 18
Overview of Pender’s Health Promotion Model
Three major categories to consider in Pender’s health promotion model:
Individual characteristics and experiences
Behavior-specific cognitions and affect
Behavioral outcome
Individual Characteristics and Experiences: Prior Behavior
Prior behavior directly and indirectly effects likelihood of engaging in health-promoting behaviors
Direct effect of past behavior on current health-promoting behavior is due to habit formation
Prior behavior indirectly influences health-promoting behavior through perceptions of self-efficacy, benefits, barriers & activity-related affect
Individual Characteristics and Experiences: Personal Factors
Personal biological factors include age, body mass index, pubertal status, menopausal status, aerobic capacity, strength, agility, or balance
Personal psychological factors include self-esteem, self-motivation, perceived health status
Personal sociocultural factors include education, ethnicity, acculturation, socioeconomic status
Behavior-Specific Cognitions and Affect
Perceived benefits of action or the anticipated positive outcomes resulting from health behavior
Perceived barriers to action or anticipated, imagined, or real blocks or personal costs of a behavior
Behavior-Specific Cognitions and Affect
Perceived self-efficacy or the judgment of personal capability to organize and execute a health-promoting behavior
Activity-related affect or the subjective positive or negative feelings that occur before, during, and following behavior based on the stimulus properties of the behavior
Behavioral Outcome
Commitment to a plan of action marks the beginning of a behavioral event
Interventions in the health promotion model focus on raising consciousness related to:
Health-promoting behaviors
Promoting self-efficacy
Enhancing the benefits of change
Control of environment to support behavior change
Managing the barriers to change
Major Concepts of Nursing
According to Pender
Person: the individual who is the primary focus of the model
Environment: the physical, interpersonal, and economic circumstances in which persons live
Health: a positive high-level state
Major Concepts of Nursing
According to Pender
Nursing: role of nurse includes raising consciousness related to health-promoting behaviors, promoting self-efficacy, enhancing the benefits of change, controlling the environment to support behavior change, and managing barriers to change
Assumptions of the Health
Promotion Model
Persons seek to create conditions of living through which they can express their unique human potential
Persons have the capacity for reflective self-awareness, including assessment of their own competencies
Persons seek to actively regulate their own behavior
Assumptions of the Health
Promotion Model
Persons value growth in directions viewed as positive and attempt to achieve a personally acceptable balance between change ...
Can you provide tips or strategies for managing insomnia while seeking treatm...tharahiniindhu
we will explore
for managing insomnia treatment in Chennai. We will
delve into the strategies recommended by top to optimize sleep and improve overall well-being
Visit: https://www.chennaiminds.com/anxiety-ocd/
Cognitive and psychological assessment before and after bariatric surgery. p...
Alison Morrow Executive Summary Parkinson's Service
1. Health Psychology in the Parkinson’s Service, is there a
role to be filled: Executive Summary.
Alison Morrow
2. Overview of the Service
Parkinson’s is a progressive neurological disorder that affects approximately 1 in 500 people
(Parkinson’s, 2015). The Parkinson’s Service within the Western General Hospital,
Edinburgh, consists of three Lead Nurses who deliver care to patients through a combination
of clinics, home visits and telephone calls. The Nurses work with patients throughout their
whole Parkinson’s journey, beginning at the original diagnosis through to management of
symptoms and medication. As Parkinson’s motor and non-motor symptoms have the ability
to cause patients to struggle with daily life, treatment requires input from a number of Health
Professionals. There are a variety of treatment options, and the Nurses collaborate with
patients as their condition progresses to relieve symptoms and hopefully increase patient’s
quality of life.
Health Care Context
Similarly to other chronic conditions, the service requires input from a number of health
professionals, including Occupational Therapists, Speech and Language Therapists and
Physiotherapists. However, they do not yet have their own multi-disciplinary team. Access to
these specialists can be difficult, particularly for younger patients as they cannot be referred
to the Assessment and Rehabilitation Centre (as it is dedicated to those over 65 years of
age), however the Nurses have developed contacts in order for younger patients to be
assessed by the necessary professionals. This raises concerns such as patients’ waiting
times and understanding of the condition.
Parkinson’s UK is utilised by the service to provide additional social support as well as the
aim to alleviate or improve symptoms. Service users do not have to be experiencing
particular symptoms to attend specific classes, however, for example, singing classes look to
help service user’s project and control their voice if they are having difficulties with speech
and swallowing, and dance classes aim to target stiffness by including a variety of stretching
and relaxation techniques.
Due to the input from a variety of teams, it is essential for all health professionals to foster
positive relationships with each other, as well as with patients and their carers within the
service, to ensure that patients receive the best care and outcomes. Particularly due to the
nature of Parkinson’s, Nurses are required to work collaboratively with patients to establish
the best route of care. They have to highlight restrictions of medication and therapies to
ensure patients do not have unrealistic expectations as this has the potential to highlight
barriers to successful relationships (Fentiman, 2007). This is particularly prevalent in the
Parkinson’s service as the effectiveness of medication for Parkinson’s disease varies from
patient to patient and it is essential for patients to understand this. Additionally, after
medication has begun or is adjusted, patients have to be aware that the medication will not
“cure” their Parkinson’s disease.
It is therefore vital to for health professionals to develop a positive and trusting relationship
with patients to influence the exchange of information regarding medication beliefs and
expectations. An exchange of information between the patient and clinician is necessary
and crucial to ensure they have a shared perception (Duffy, Gordon & Whelan et al., 2004)
by highlighting and modifying detrimental beliefs.
3. Applications of Health Psychology
The biopsychosocial model (Engels, 1977), which underpins Health Psychology, is a
progression of the medical model of health and illness which understands that a patients’
biological and psychological factors, and their social environment all interact and determine
the outcome of one’s condition. Within the Parkinson’s service, there were two distinct health
behaviours, influenced by psychological and social factors, which impacted patient
outcomes, medication adherence and physical activity.
Findings suggests that, despite its benefits, only 10% of Parkinson’s patients take their
medication exactly as required and significant non-adherence occurs in up to 54% of
patients (Grosset, Bone and Grosset, 2005). Intentional non-adherence often occurs when
patients make conscious decisions, which are often dependent upon the patient’s beliefs
regarding the medication or their broader condition, to not take their medication despite its
therapeutic effects and against advice from the Nurse. Leventhal et al’s ., (1980) Self-
Regulation Model suggests that individuals’ coping behaviour, or response, to a health threat
is influenced by their cognitions, beliefs and emotional representations of the illness in
relation to 5 factors; identity/label of the condition, the cause, its consequence on the patient,
its timeline and whether it can be cured/controlled. Patients can therefore have beliefs about
their medication, particularly whether the treatment is necessary, for example will this
“cure/control” my condition, and potential risky side effects (Clifford, Barber, & Horne, 2008).
If patients believe their medication will not help control their symptoms, their illness
representation clashes with the treatment provided by health professionals. Cognitive
Behaviour Therapy could be used to elicit patients’ beliefs, their physical feelings and the
actions they take (non-adherence to medication) as a result of such beliefs. CBT could be
used to help explain how medication adherence can reduce symptoms and consequently
improve health and quality of life (Safren et al., 2009).
Non-intentional non-adherence to medication, such as forgetting, would merit a modest
Implementation Intentions intervention (Gollwitzer, 1999) that requires patients to identify
when and where their medication has to be taken, with the aim of forming habits and
removing the need to rely on memory. Nurses already suggest that medication has to be
taken at specific times of the day, for example with breakfast, lunch and dinner, however as
some Parkinson’s patients have cognitive impairment, which may lead to non-adherence,
concrete plans could be printed and displayed in the home to act as environmental cues.
Once barriers had been identified, coping plans could be introduced if adherence is still not
optimal. This could be simple measures of additional environmental cues throughout the
home to prompt patient’s at specific times of the day.
Although research indicates that physical activity has the ability to improve functional
capacity, health, physical fitness and quality of life (Speelman et al., 2011; Ransmayr, 2011),
the majority of Parkinson’s patients do not meet recommended levels of weekly physical
activity (Skidmore et al., 2008). Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (Ajzen, 1985) as a
theoretical framework, we can understand why physical activity rates are so low in people
with Parkinson’s. The TPB presumes that a person’s motivations to perform a particular
behaviour, like physical activity, are influenced by peoples’ attitudes and beliefs, surrounding
social norms and perceived control. If patients believe that physical activity will increase their
overall pain and stiffness experience, rather than alleviate symptoms, there are numerous
theory-based interventions that have the potential to modify such maladaptive beliefs.
4. The Transtheoretical Model of Change (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1982) consists of 5
stages; precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance, and
assumes that at each stage of readiness, people are faced with different barriers. It is
suggested that when designing interventions for those who are inactive, people at
precontemplation and contemplation stages, to concentrate on the cognitive aspects of the
behaviour change (Marcus, Bock & Pinto., 1997). An intervention in the service could be
used to identify maladaptive cognitions, such as fear of increasing pain, and then re-
educating patients regarding the benefits of physical activity.
Additionally, the use of Motivational Interviewing (MI) would be a valuable addition to the
service. MI is used to form a collaborative conversation between the patient and clinician in
order to strengthen the patient’s own desire and motivation to change (O’Halloran et al.,
2014). It is used to elicit the patient’s own reasons for change as well as their own ideas to
make this change. As the service consists of a small team of Nurses that patients have
developed strong relationships with, it seems to be the most desirable environment to
introduce this intervention. Using MI in clinics would allow the Nurses to identify patients’
ideas of what they feel is reasonable and achievable in order to increase physical activity,
which may be more beneficial than recommending exercise groups that they have no
interest in.
Professional Issues
Although there is no Health Psychologist currently employed in the service, there is a visible
role that one could fulfil. Health Psychology can be used to promote self-management of
symptoms which is extremely beneficial, particularly when dealing with a chronic,
progressive condition. If a Health Psychologist were to be employed in the service, their role
would be to promote self-management through interventions carried out in clinics. This could
be through using Motivational Interviewing to promote making healthy lifestyle choices,
monitoring and managing symptoms, engaging in activities that promote and protect health
and managing the impact of the condition on physical functioning. Additionally, the Health
Psychologist could train Nurses to use Motivational Interviewing themselves and carry out
theory-based interventions, such as Implementation Intentions and CBT, to increase
medication adherence and physical activity. The Health Psychologist could teach theories to
the team through seminars by focusing on how cognitions and environmental factors impact
and influence health behaviour and the progression and perception of illness. Due to the
importance of medication adherence and physical activity in people with Parkinson’s
(Ransmayr, 2011; Leopold, Polansky and Hurka, 2004), it is imperative for theory-based
interventions to be introduced to the service and it can be assumed that a Health
Psychologist would be the most capable health professional to fulfil this role.
REFERENCES
Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior (pp. 11-39).
Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Clifford, S., Barber, N., & Horne, R. (2008). Understanding different beliefs held by adherers,
unintentional nonadherers, and intentional nonadherers: application of the necessity–
concerns framework. Journal of psychosomatic research, 64(1), 41-46.
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competence in communication and interpersonal skills: the Kalamazoo II report. Academic
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Engel, G. L. (1977). The need for a new medical model: a challenge for biomedicine.
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Fentiman, I. S. (2007). Communication with older breast cancer patients. The breast
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Gollwitzer, P. M. (1999). Implementation intentions: Strong effects of simple plans. American
Psychologist, 54, 493-503.
Grosset, K. A., Bone, I., & Grosset, D. G. (2005). Suboptimal medication adherence in
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Leopold, N. A., Polansky, M., & Hurka, M. R. (2004). Drug adherence in Parkinson's
disease. Movement disorders, 19(5), 513-517.
Leventhal, H., Myer, D. and Nerenz, D. (1980). The common sense model of illness danger.
In S.Rachman (Ed) Contributions to medical psychology 2, 7-30.
Marcus, B. H., Bock, B. C. and Pinto, B. M. (1997) Initiation and maintenance of exercise
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O’Halloran, P., Blackstock, F., Shields, N., Holland, A., Iles, R., Kingsley, M., Bernhardt, J.,
Lannin, L., Morris, M.E., & Taylor, N. F. (2014). Motivational interviewing to increase physical
activity in people with chronic health conditions: a systematic review and meta-
analysis. Clinical rehabilitation, 0269215514536210.
Parkinson’s UK. (2015). About Parkinson’s. Retrieved from
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Prochaska, J. O., & DiClemente, C. C. (1986). Toward a comprehensive model of change
(pp. 3-27). Springer US.
Ransmayr, G. (2011). Physical, occupational, speech and swallowing therapies and physical
exercise in Parkinson’s disease. Journal of neural transmission,118(5), 773-781.
Safren, S. A., O'Cleirigh, C., Tan, J. Y., Raminani, S. R., Reilly, L. C., Otto, M. W., & Mayer,
K. H. (2009). A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and
depression (CBT-AD) in HIV-infected individuals. Health Psychology, 28(1), 1.
Skidmore, F. M., Mackman, C. A., Pav, B., Shulman, L. M., Garvan, C., Macko, R. F., &
Heilman, K. M. (2008). Daily ambulatory activity levels in idiopathic Parkinson disease. J
Rehabil Res Dev, 45(9), 1343-8.
Speelman, A. D., van de Warrenburg, B. P., van Nimwegen, M., Petzinger, G. M., Munneke,
M., & Bloem, B. R. (2011). How might physical activity benefit patients with Parkinson
disease? Nature Reviews Neurology, 7(9), 528-534.