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1. St Thomas University Nursing Question
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PAPERS ON St Thomas University Nursing QuestionWhat are the barriers to interpersonal
communication?There are various barriers to effective interpersonal communication,
including language. Although the patient is African American, English is not their first
language thus might become complex and confusing. Psychological barriers to interpersonal
communication include embarrassment, cognition issues, and mental disability. The patient
may feel uncomfortable in communicating how they feel and low assertiveness and
confidence. Besides, considering the psychological barriers, the patient may have stress or
anxiety or hearing defects which may significantly hinder effective interpersonal
communication (Mitchel et al., 2017). Cultural medical mistrust is also a barrier. African-
Americans have a history of unequal health care treatment due to their ethnicity. The
patient might thus find it difficult to express how they feel due to the fear of stereotyping.
African Americans develop a reluctance to trust most healthcare providers outside their
ethnic community due to historical and contemporary racism and oppression experiences
(Mitchel et al., 2017). Besides, the cultural beliefs of the patient may differ, affecting
interpersonal communication. A misunderstanding of the patient’s cultural beliefs will
affect the ability of the patient to give information. St Thomas University Nursing
QuestionWhat are the procedures and examination techniques that will be used during the
physical exam of your patient?The procedure for care involves first explaining to the patient
what I will be doing and showing him the equipment that I will use and the equipment’s
purpose. Demonstration of the procedures to a family member is also essential for
understanding if the patient has mental disabilities. Building trust is vital in providing
patient-centered care. Besides, identifying accommodations and modifications as
appropriate for engaging the patient in complete health history and assessment.Describe
the Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Planning (S.O.A.P.) approach for documenting patient
data and explain what they are.Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Planning (S.O.A.P.) is an
approach for healthcare professionals’ documentation. S.O.A.P provides essential
information about the patient’s health status and communication between the healthcare
providers. The documentation thus serves as a cognitive aid for retrieving information and
learning about the patient based on the record (Lenert, 2017). Subjective data is based on
personal views, experiences, and patient emotions. The subjective data includes the chief
complaint, which can be a condition or the reason the patient presents. Subjective data also
includes patient illness history, medical and family history, and system review (Lenert,

2. 2017). Objective data contains information based on the patient encounter. The objective
data includes physical examination data, laboratory results, vital signs, and other diagnostic
data. On the other hand, assessment involves the synthesis of the subjective and objective
data to come up with a diagnosis. The assessment elements include the problem, differential
diagnosis, and the pre-existing diagnosis. The plan section entails the testing and
consultation with other healthcare providers in addressing the patient’s problem. The plan
also entails the steps taken for the treatment of the patient. The treatment plan entails the
testing needed and the rationale for each test, therapeutic medication, referrals, patient
education, and counseling (Lenert, 2017). The plan section is essential for addressing any
future issues. A comprehensive SOAP contains all the subject and objective data and
effectively assesses the data to create a patient-centered assessment and care plan. St
Thomas University Nursing QuestionResponse to Peers Case Studies 2Case Study 2: 55-
year-old Asian female; Question 1: Interpersonal communication is vital in health
assessment and planning for patient treatment. Interviewing patients from different
cultures is associated with barriers that may hinder the interpersonal communication. A
great percentage of Asians believe in interpersonal relationships and family ties. Due to
their cultural preferences and values, the patient may be unwilling to express her emotions
and feelings during examination. The patient may be reluctant in expressing and discussing
her problem thus posing a great barrier to interpersonal communication and the interview
process (Khosla et al., 2017).Due to strong believe in family ties, the patient may be
unwilling and reluctant in opening up and responding to my interview questions. This can
also be caused by fear not to impact negatively on her family. Before providing any
information concerning their health and treatment, Asians consult family members (Khosla
et al., 2017). Therefore, examining the client in absence of her family members may be a
great barrier to our relationship. St Thomas University Nursing QuestionAsians put a lot of
value on group consensus especially when making key decisions concerning their health.
The Asian culture prefers that a female patient be examined by a female doctor or
practitioner. Therefore, health provider preference depending on gender is a potential
barrier to interpersonal communication. Additionally, language barrier is likely to occur
when interviewing the Asian patient (Khosla et al., 2017).Case Study 2: Pre-school age white
female; Question 1: When interviewing and examining a pre-school aged patient, the likely
barriers to interpersonal communication include fear, lack of confidence, lack of trust, lack
of autonomy, lack of knowledge about certain aspects and inability to make decisions. When
dealing with a child, the provider must engage her parent or guardian as a key informant to
obtain detailed information. A child is less likely to respond to interview questions as
expected. Additionally, it may be challenging to establish a good rapport and therapeutic
relationship with a child due to fear, lack of trust, and lack of confidence to face the
provider.Procedures and examination techniques used during the physical exam of your
patientThe examination techniques that can be applied during the physical examination of
both patients are inspection, percussion, palpation, auscultation, manipulation, and
mensuration. Inspection is used to check the outward body appearance including shape,
skin color, consistency, neck veins, swelling on joints, and abdomen. Palpation enhances the
identification of lumps and masses in the body. Percussion is used to determine masses and

3. fluid-filled lumps based on the sound produced on tapping. Auscultation is carried out using
a stethoscope and enhances the identification of abnormal sounds in the lungs and heart
(Jarvis, 2018). St Thomas University Nursing QuestionDescribe the Subjective, Objective,
Assessment, Planning (S.O.A.P.) approach for documenting patient data and explain what
they are.SOAP note is a one of the highly structured formats used by healthcare providers to
document patient data. Subjective data consists of the information provided by the patient
concerning his or her problem or intervention. Objective data refers to the providers or
therapist’s observations and the implemented treatment interventions. Assessment data
consists of the provider analysis of the different components of the patient’s comprehensive
health assessment. Planning focuses on the treatment plan to be implemented in relation to
the established goals and objectives of care. Planning integrates both pharmacological and
non-pharmacological treatment approaches and interventions that are effective in
addressing the patient’s primary problem (Jarvis, 2018).Submission InstructionsYou should
respond to at least two of your peers by extending, refuting/correcting, or adding additional
nuance to their posts.All replies must be constructive and use literature where possible.
Bibliography use should be from 2016-2021St Thomas University Nursing Question