Cultural Barrier
Viviana Vanrel
COM/200
September 14, 2015
Shea Brooks
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Personal Background John Smith is an American who is thirty years old.He is an African-American.Works as a janitor in Texas.
John Smith is one of the African Americans who have been working hard to ensure that the do make the ends meet. At the age of thirty year old, he has been able to open a business of janitorial services thus employing twenty people. His hard work has placed him a the position of the best companies in Texas offering these services. His family is known to have come to Texas in over fifty years ago. After completing the college, he chose to offer janitorial services to people of the region. He is known to be an honest man who does his duties diligently.
*
Where he Lives
The man has lived in Texas for better part of his life. He has been interacting with different people both professionally and socially. Texas is his home and he has businesses at this region
John is a person who has lived in Texas all of his life. In fact, most of his schooling was conducted in this region. This areas is known to have many people of different cultures which has forced him to learn to tolerate. This region is also known to be culturally rich compared to other parts of the area. The business that he operates has been opened in this region.
*
Cultural FactsThis person has undergone through most of the African Americans rites of passage. He underwent through thorough shaving by that was a must to conducted.He had to learn different cultures so as to interact with the neighbors freely.
Learning to adapt to different culture is a difficult task that each person has to give a try. As for John, this was the only way he could have survived to live in this region. Therefore, this was a choice he could have made earlier or later in life and there was no way out of it. The most interesting of all was being asked to be shaved at the age of thirteen to symbolize that he was about to be recognized by the society as a fully grown man. In addition, understanding different cultures was to his advantage because he was now capable of interacting with different cultures(Castillo, 2006).
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Experiences in adapting new cultureLanguage barrier Emotional constraintsBehavior constraints
While learning these cultures, John encountered different experiences including the one for language barrier. It was difficult for him to figure out what some of the words meant so that he could have understood that culture more. Emotional constraints were other experiences that he encountered while adapting. Finally, there were behavior constraints that gave him the perfect experience for understanding that particular culture(Tosi, 2013).
*
Comparison between both Johns culture and mineThese cultures all give us a way of thinking, hearing, and seeing the world.Additionally, both cultures trigger a different interpretation to the world.However, the portrayal of e ...
1
Healthcare
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Course Details
Instructor’s Name
Date
Healthcare
Health inequity is a serious healthcare problem that negatively affects everyone. This problem worsens the health outcomes of the population it directly impacts and those with resources and power. For instance, health disparity makes it hard to control, contain and treat infections illnesses, like the Covid-19, therefore putting everyone at risk of contracting the disease regardless of their socioeconomic class. Culture plays a critical role in patient care and health outcomes and affects our perception of others, health behaviors, and expectations during care delivery. This paper discusses health inequalities, advocacy for families, patients, and community, and cultural competencies. Comment by lola siyanbola: Can you explain how?
Health inequalities involve differences in health resources' distribution of health between different population groups resulting from social conditions in which members of the population are born, live, grow, work and age. The inequalities are basically the systematic differences in the status of health between population groups (Marmot, 2017). The inequalities have substantial economic and social costs to both persons and communities. Social factors including employment status, education level, gender, ethnicity, and level of income affect an individual's health status, therefore creating health disparities among populations due to variations of the social factors (Malbon, 2019). Lower socioeconomic status is associated with poor health outcomes. The appropriate combination of government policies can address these health disparities. Comment by lola siyanbola: This is a fact can you rephrase or cite Comment by lola siyanbola: This is too vague, can you elaborate a little?
I would advocate for patients by connecting them with resources outside and inside the hospital to support their wellbeing and double-check for errors to identify, stop, and correct errors to ensure their safety (Doucette et al., 2018). I would educate the patients on the best way to manage their health conditions and improve their quality of life. Protecting patients' rights and giving them a voice, particularly when vulnerable, is key to safe and quality patient care. I would advocate for families by utilizing my expertise to persuade the hospital authorities about the economic position of the family, their educational level, and their cultural values about patient care. I would advocate for the community by working to ensure community members are adequately and fairly treated in all matters of health.
The first Implicit Association Tests (IAT) reveals that I hold a moderate automatic preference for Arab Muslims with 26% over Other People. This means that I am likely to respond moderately respond faster to the care needs of patients from the Arap Muslim compared to other patients. ...
In this Discussion, you will consider different socioeconomic, slatriced9tl
In this Discussion, you will consider different socioeconomic, spiritual, lifestyle, and other cultural factors that should be taken into considerations when building a health history for patients with diverse backgrounds.
Case 1
JC, an at-risk 86-year-old Asian male is physically and financially dependent on his daughter, a single mother who has little time or money for her father's health needs. He has a hx of hypertension (HTN), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), b12 deficiency, and chronic prostatitis. He currently takes Lisinopril 10mg QD, Prilosec 20mg QD, B12 injections monthly, and Cipro 100mg QD. He comes to you for an annual exam and states “I came for my annual physical exam, but do not want to be a burden to my daughter."
Case 2
TJ, a 32-year-old pregnant lesbian, is being seen for an annual physical exam and has been having vaginal discharge. Her pregnancy has been without complication thus far. She has been receiving prenatal care from an obstetrician. She received sperm from a local sperm bank. She is currently taking prenatal vitamins and takes Tylenol over the counter for aches and pains on occasion. She a strong family history of diabetes. Gravida 1; Para 0; Abortions 0.
Case 3
MR, a 23-year-old Native American male comes in to see you because he has been having anxiety and wants something to help him. He has been smoking "pot" and says he drinks to help him too. He tells you he is afraid that he will not get into Heaven if he continues in this lifestyle. He is not taking any prescriptions medications and denies drug use. He has a positive family history of diabetes, hypertension, and alcoholism.
To prepare:
· Reflect on your experiences as a nurse and on the information provided in this week’s Learning Resources on diversity issues in health assessments.
· Select
one
of the three case studies. Reflect on the provided patient information.
· Reflect on the specific socioeconomic, spiritual, lifestyle, and other cultural factors related to the health of the patient you selected.
· Consider how you would build a health history for the patient. What questions would you ask, and how would you frame them to be sensitive to the patient’s background, lifestyle, and culture? Develop five targeted questions you would ask the patient to build his or her health history and to assess his or her health risks.
· Think about the challenges associated with communicating with patients from a variety of specific populations. What strategies can you as a nurse employ to be sensitive to different cultural factors while gathering the pertinent information?
Post
Post
an explanation of the specific socioeconomic, spiritual, lifestyle, and other cultural factors associated with the patient you selected. Explain the issues that you would need to be sensitive to when interacting with the patient, and why. Provide at least five targeted questions you would ask the patient to build his or her health history and to assess his or h ...
Factors Affecting Healthcare Access for Older Immigrants: A Qualitative Study...CrimsonPublishersGGS
Factors Affecting Healthcare Access for Older Immigrants: A Qualitative Study with Service Users and Healthcare Social Workers in a Central Canadian City by Hai Luo in Geriatrics Studies Journal
Case studyTJ, a 32-year-old pregnant lesbian, is being seen for .docxtroutmanboris
Case study
TJ, a 32-year-old pregnant lesbian, is being seen for an annual physical exam and has been having vaginal discharge. Her pregnancy has been without complication thus far. She has been receiving prenatal care from an obstetrician. She received sperm from a local sperm bank. She is currently taking prenatal vitamins and takes over-the-counter Tylenol for aches and pains on occasion. She has a strong family history of diabetes. Gravida 1; Para 0; Abortions 0.
May 2012, Alice Randall wrote an article for
The New York Times
on the cultural factors that encouraged black women to maintain a weight above what is considered healthy. Randall explained—from her observations and her personal experience as a black woman—that many African-American communities and cultures consider women who are overweight to be more beautiful and desirable than women at a healthier weight. As she put it, “Many black women are fat because we want to be” (Randall, 2012).
Randall’s statements sparked a great deal of controversy and debate; however, they emphasize an underlying reality in the healthcare field: different populations, cultures, and groups have diverse beliefs and practices that impact their health. Nurses and healthcare professionals should be aware of this reality and adapt their health assessment techniques and recommendations to accommodate diversity.
Consider different socioeconomic, spiritual, lifestyle, and other cultural factors that should be taken into considerations when building a health history for patients with diverse backgrounds.
To prepare:
Reflect on your experiences as a nurse and on the information provided in this week’s Learning Resources on diversity issues in health assessments.
Reflect on the specific socioeconomic, spiritual, lifestyle, and other cultural factors related to the health of the patient assigned to you.
Consider how you would build a health history for the patient. What questions would you ask, and how would you frame them to be sensitive to the patient’s background, lifestyle, and culture? Develop five targeted questions you would ask the patient to build his or her health history and to assess his or her health risks.
Think about the challenges associated with communicating with patients from a variety of specific populations. What strategies can you as a nurse employ to be sensitive to different cultural factors while gathering pertinent information?
Post
a 3-4 page explanation of the specific socioeconomic, spiritual, lifestyle, and other cultural factors associated with the patient you were assigned.
Explain the issues that you would need to be sensitive to when interacting with the patient, and why.
Provide at least five targeted questions you would ask the patient to build his or her health history and to assess his or her health risks.
Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. (2019).
Seidel's guide to physical examination: An interprofessional appr.
This is an opportunity to learn about families by interviewing oneGrazynaBroyles24
This is an opportunity to learn about families by interviewing one. You will not be doing family therapy. You will simply be assuming the role of an interested interviewer of a non-clinical family (i.e. family that is not in therapy) as you learn about the culture -- of a non-help-seeking family. Select a family that you are not personally connected to (e.g. choose a family that a friend or classmate knows, current neighbors or a family in your hometown you are not too familiar with). Selection of families may vary in terms of family forms and structures (i.e. two-parent, single parent, teen parent, multigenerational homes, blended/remarried families, gay/lesbian/transgendered parents, adoptive or foster family, ethnically/racially diverse or mixed families, etc.) reflective of today’s diversity and composition of families. You will gain more from this experience by having all immediate family members present (a minimum of 2 family members that you can speak with during your interview is expected). After you interview the family you will write 4-5 page (double-spaced) paper that describes: (1) How you ended up selecting the family, (2) The composition of family you interviewed (keep identities confidential), (3) Some highlights of the interview, (4) Sample questions you asked along with family’s responses, (5) Based on the family’s reminiscing and how they co-constructed their shared past through storytelling, describe this family’s narrative or story (i.e. If you were to tell their story, what would that sound like?). (6) What this experience was like for you (ideas, thoughts, reactions, etc.), and (7) Anything else that was relevant (e.g. how this might contribute to your professional development, what this experience was like for the family, etc.). EVALUATION CRITERIA: The Family Narrative Interview will be evaluated based on the completion of the assignment- Be prepared to share some information about your experiences on a discussion post.
Darline
In recent times, reliable sources indicate that a glaring number of LGBTQ patients have been subjected to stigma and discrimination in the health care system. They have been unfairly treated, which has been mainly due to a lack of awareness by physicians and other providers who treat them. In response to this, the health system, especially nurses, should be held liable and accountable to take certain political actions to curb this problem and guarantee an egalitarian system that equally provides efficacy in results (Brown et al., 2020).
For instance, the nurses can jointly participate in campaign groups and demonstrations that are meant to fight for LGBTQ rights and equality. At times, demonstrations are the only way the government can pay attention to something, and the physical presence of nurses would be pivotal in ushering in new policies that represent the LGBTQ community.
Nurses are at the center of the health care system, especially due to their direct contact with patients. This, in t ...
1
Healthcare
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Course Details
Instructor’s Name
Date
Healthcare
Health inequity is a serious healthcare problem that negatively affects everyone. This problem worsens the health outcomes of the population it directly impacts and those with resources and power. For instance, health disparity makes it hard to control, contain and treat infections illnesses, like the Covid-19, therefore putting everyone at risk of contracting the disease regardless of their socioeconomic class. Culture plays a critical role in patient care and health outcomes and affects our perception of others, health behaviors, and expectations during care delivery. This paper discusses health inequalities, advocacy for families, patients, and community, and cultural competencies. Comment by lola siyanbola: Can you explain how?
Health inequalities involve differences in health resources' distribution of health between different population groups resulting from social conditions in which members of the population are born, live, grow, work and age. The inequalities are basically the systematic differences in the status of health between population groups (Marmot, 2017). The inequalities have substantial economic and social costs to both persons and communities. Social factors including employment status, education level, gender, ethnicity, and level of income affect an individual's health status, therefore creating health disparities among populations due to variations of the social factors (Malbon, 2019). Lower socioeconomic status is associated with poor health outcomes. The appropriate combination of government policies can address these health disparities. Comment by lola siyanbola: This is a fact can you rephrase or cite Comment by lola siyanbola: This is too vague, can you elaborate a little?
I would advocate for patients by connecting them with resources outside and inside the hospital to support their wellbeing and double-check for errors to identify, stop, and correct errors to ensure their safety (Doucette et al., 2018). I would educate the patients on the best way to manage their health conditions and improve their quality of life. Protecting patients' rights and giving them a voice, particularly when vulnerable, is key to safe and quality patient care. I would advocate for families by utilizing my expertise to persuade the hospital authorities about the economic position of the family, their educational level, and their cultural values about patient care. I would advocate for the community by working to ensure community members are adequately and fairly treated in all matters of health.
The first Implicit Association Tests (IAT) reveals that I hold a moderate automatic preference for Arab Muslims with 26% over Other People. This means that I am likely to respond moderately respond faster to the care needs of patients from the Arap Muslim compared to other patients. ...
In this Discussion, you will consider different socioeconomic, slatriced9tl
In this Discussion, you will consider different socioeconomic, spiritual, lifestyle, and other cultural factors that should be taken into considerations when building a health history for patients with diverse backgrounds.
Case 1
JC, an at-risk 86-year-old Asian male is physically and financially dependent on his daughter, a single mother who has little time or money for her father's health needs. He has a hx of hypertension (HTN), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), b12 deficiency, and chronic prostatitis. He currently takes Lisinopril 10mg QD, Prilosec 20mg QD, B12 injections monthly, and Cipro 100mg QD. He comes to you for an annual exam and states “I came for my annual physical exam, but do not want to be a burden to my daughter."
Case 2
TJ, a 32-year-old pregnant lesbian, is being seen for an annual physical exam and has been having vaginal discharge. Her pregnancy has been without complication thus far. She has been receiving prenatal care from an obstetrician. She received sperm from a local sperm bank. She is currently taking prenatal vitamins and takes Tylenol over the counter for aches and pains on occasion. She a strong family history of diabetes. Gravida 1; Para 0; Abortions 0.
Case 3
MR, a 23-year-old Native American male comes in to see you because he has been having anxiety and wants something to help him. He has been smoking "pot" and says he drinks to help him too. He tells you he is afraid that he will not get into Heaven if he continues in this lifestyle. He is not taking any prescriptions medications and denies drug use. He has a positive family history of diabetes, hypertension, and alcoholism.
To prepare:
· Reflect on your experiences as a nurse and on the information provided in this week’s Learning Resources on diversity issues in health assessments.
· Select
one
of the three case studies. Reflect on the provided patient information.
· Reflect on the specific socioeconomic, spiritual, lifestyle, and other cultural factors related to the health of the patient you selected.
· Consider how you would build a health history for the patient. What questions would you ask, and how would you frame them to be sensitive to the patient’s background, lifestyle, and culture? Develop five targeted questions you would ask the patient to build his or her health history and to assess his or her health risks.
· Think about the challenges associated with communicating with patients from a variety of specific populations. What strategies can you as a nurse employ to be sensitive to different cultural factors while gathering the pertinent information?
Post
Post
an explanation of the specific socioeconomic, spiritual, lifestyle, and other cultural factors associated with the patient you selected. Explain the issues that you would need to be sensitive to when interacting with the patient, and why. Provide at least five targeted questions you would ask the patient to build his or her health history and to assess his or h ...
Factors Affecting Healthcare Access for Older Immigrants: A Qualitative Study...CrimsonPublishersGGS
Factors Affecting Healthcare Access for Older Immigrants: A Qualitative Study with Service Users and Healthcare Social Workers in a Central Canadian City by Hai Luo in Geriatrics Studies Journal
Case studyTJ, a 32-year-old pregnant lesbian, is being seen for .docxtroutmanboris
Case study
TJ, a 32-year-old pregnant lesbian, is being seen for an annual physical exam and has been having vaginal discharge. Her pregnancy has been without complication thus far. She has been receiving prenatal care from an obstetrician. She received sperm from a local sperm bank. She is currently taking prenatal vitamins and takes over-the-counter Tylenol for aches and pains on occasion. She has a strong family history of diabetes. Gravida 1; Para 0; Abortions 0.
May 2012, Alice Randall wrote an article for
The New York Times
on the cultural factors that encouraged black women to maintain a weight above what is considered healthy. Randall explained—from her observations and her personal experience as a black woman—that many African-American communities and cultures consider women who are overweight to be more beautiful and desirable than women at a healthier weight. As she put it, “Many black women are fat because we want to be” (Randall, 2012).
Randall’s statements sparked a great deal of controversy and debate; however, they emphasize an underlying reality in the healthcare field: different populations, cultures, and groups have diverse beliefs and practices that impact their health. Nurses and healthcare professionals should be aware of this reality and adapt their health assessment techniques and recommendations to accommodate diversity.
Consider different socioeconomic, spiritual, lifestyle, and other cultural factors that should be taken into considerations when building a health history for patients with diverse backgrounds.
To prepare:
Reflect on your experiences as a nurse and on the information provided in this week’s Learning Resources on diversity issues in health assessments.
Reflect on the specific socioeconomic, spiritual, lifestyle, and other cultural factors related to the health of the patient assigned to you.
Consider how you would build a health history for the patient. What questions would you ask, and how would you frame them to be sensitive to the patient’s background, lifestyle, and culture? Develop five targeted questions you would ask the patient to build his or her health history and to assess his or her health risks.
Think about the challenges associated with communicating with patients from a variety of specific populations. What strategies can you as a nurse employ to be sensitive to different cultural factors while gathering pertinent information?
Post
a 3-4 page explanation of the specific socioeconomic, spiritual, lifestyle, and other cultural factors associated with the patient you were assigned.
Explain the issues that you would need to be sensitive to when interacting with the patient, and why.
Provide at least five targeted questions you would ask the patient to build his or her health history and to assess his or her health risks.
Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. (2019).
Seidel's guide to physical examination: An interprofessional appr.
This is an opportunity to learn about families by interviewing oneGrazynaBroyles24
This is an opportunity to learn about families by interviewing one. You will not be doing family therapy. You will simply be assuming the role of an interested interviewer of a non-clinical family (i.e. family that is not in therapy) as you learn about the culture -- of a non-help-seeking family. Select a family that you are not personally connected to (e.g. choose a family that a friend or classmate knows, current neighbors or a family in your hometown you are not too familiar with). Selection of families may vary in terms of family forms and structures (i.e. two-parent, single parent, teen parent, multigenerational homes, blended/remarried families, gay/lesbian/transgendered parents, adoptive or foster family, ethnically/racially diverse or mixed families, etc.) reflective of today’s diversity and composition of families. You will gain more from this experience by having all immediate family members present (a minimum of 2 family members that you can speak with during your interview is expected). After you interview the family you will write 4-5 page (double-spaced) paper that describes: (1) How you ended up selecting the family, (2) The composition of family you interviewed (keep identities confidential), (3) Some highlights of the interview, (4) Sample questions you asked along with family’s responses, (5) Based on the family’s reminiscing and how they co-constructed their shared past through storytelling, describe this family’s narrative or story (i.e. If you were to tell their story, what would that sound like?). (6) What this experience was like for you (ideas, thoughts, reactions, etc.), and (7) Anything else that was relevant (e.g. how this might contribute to your professional development, what this experience was like for the family, etc.). EVALUATION CRITERIA: The Family Narrative Interview will be evaluated based on the completion of the assignment- Be prepared to share some information about your experiences on a discussion post.
Darline
In recent times, reliable sources indicate that a glaring number of LGBTQ patients have been subjected to stigma and discrimination in the health care system. They have been unfairly treated, which has been mainly due to a lack of awareness by physicians and other providers who treat them. In response to this, the health system, especially nurses, should be held liable and accountable to take certain political actions to curb this problem and guarantee an egalitarian system that equally provides efficacy in results (Brown et al., 2020).
For instance, the nurses can jointly participate in campaign groups and demonstrations that are meant to fight for LGBTQ rights and equality. At times, demonstrations are the only way the government can pay attention to something, and the physical presence of nurses would be pivotal in ushering in new policies that represent the LGBTQ community.
Nurses are at the center of the health care system, especially due to their direct contact with patients. This, in t ...
Running head UNION COUNTY, GEORGIA .docxtoltonkendal
Running head: UNION COUNTY, GEORGIA 1
UNION COUNTY, GEORGIA 2
Union County, Georgia
Kimberly Crawford
January 30, 2017
Kaplan University
The following paper will answer the asked questions.
Name of County and State
Union County, Georgia.
County population with racial and gender breakdowns
As of July 1, 2015 estimates, the County population was 22, 267 individuals. Of this, 51.7% were Females, while as the males were 48.3%. The white people were 96.5%, the African Americans were 1.0%, the American Indian and Alaska Natives were 0.5%, Asians were 0.7%, Hispanics were 3.2%, and people with two or more races present accounted for 1.3%.
Number of Senior Citizens
The number of senior citizens was 32.5%.
Number of Disabled Individuals
The number of disabled individuals under the age of 65 was 13.9%.
Number of Children
The number of children was 16.1%.
Of the populations above, I choose the senior citizens. The first health concern for this population is elder abuse. At this age, this people are not able to actively take care of themselves like they would a while back. For this reason, they constantly required to be taken care of, in almost all the aspects of their lives. However, elder abuse is a common occurrence in which, the caregivers neglect this population so much, to the extent of some of them even dying. It is such a shame that such a thing might happen to such a delicate population. A second health concern for this population, is the risk of heath disease and other chronic diseases. According to the Centre for Disease Control (CDC), heart disease is one of the leading killers for the senior citizens because at this age, they are delicate and their hearts are very weak (Motooka et al., 2006).
The senior citizens require a number of community health interventions and public policies, which are aimed at ensuring they lead a comfortable life. For instance, they should have access to caregivers when they cannot adequately take care of themselves (Takano, 2002). In addition, they should have access to proper diets, and they should be provided with as much assistance as possible when they are at home and in public places. They should also have regular medical check-ups, to ascertain their health conditions, as well as have access to a hospital and a personal doctor in case they need consultation before their regular sessions (Anderson, 2003). Regular exercises is also good for ensuring their lives are going on smoothly.
Health Risk Assessment
In the health risk assessment tests, I took the eating behaviour test. The questions asked basically were about the kind of foods and drinks that I take on a daily basis, how often I take the meals per day, the rate and posture at which I take the meals, my favourite comfort food, and the circumstances under which I take th ...
Defining a Culturally Competent Organization Culturally competent .docxvickeryr87
Defining a Culturally Competent Organization Culturally competent health care, broadly defined as services that are respectful of and responsive to the cultural and linguistic needs of patients, is increasingly viewed as essential in reducing racial and ethnic disparities, improving health care quality, and controlling costs. The U.S. government considers cultural competence as a method of increasing access to quality care for all patients. The aim should be to develop systems more responsive to diverse populations. Managed care organizations view cultural competence as driving both quality and business. By embedding cultural competence strategies into quality improvement initiatives to make care more efficient and effective, clinical outcomes are improved while costs are controlled. Those in academic settings agree that cultural competency education is crucial for preparing future health care workers, although appropriate education on the topic is provided in only half of the medical schools in the United States (Betancourt, Green, Carrillo, & Park, 2005). According to the Office of Minority Health, cultural competence refers to the ability of health care providers and organizations to understand and respond effectively to the cultural and linguistic needs of patients (Office of Minority Health, 2001). Cultural competence encompasses a wide range of activities and considerations. It includes providing respectful care that is consistent with cultural health beliefs of the clients and family members. Competent interpreter services and programs to promote staff diversity are other ways in which health care organizations can increase cultural competence (Clancy & Stryer, 2001). Because communication is a cornerstone of patient safety and quality care, every patient has the right to receive information in a manner he or she understands. Effective communication allows patients to participate more fully in their care. Communicating effectively with patients is also critical to the informed consent process and helps practitioners and hospitals give the best possible care. For communication to be effective, the information provided must be complete, accurate, timely, unambiguous, and understood by the patient. Many patients of varying circumstances require alternative communication methods: patients who speak and/or read languages other than English; patients who have limited literacy in any language; patients who have visual or hearing impairments; patients on ventilators; patients with cognitive impairments; and children. The hospital has many options available to assist in communication with these individuals, such as interpreters, translated written materials, pen and paper, communication boards, and speech therapy. It is up to the hospital to determine which method is the best for each patient. Various laws, regulations, and guidelines are relevant to the use of interpreters. These include Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, 1964; Executive Order .
Running Head TEACHING PLAN2TEACHING PLAN2.docxjeanettehully
Running Head: TEACHING PLAN 2
TEACHING PLAN 2
High-Level Teaching Plan for A Diverse Learning Environment
Student’s Name
Course Code
Institution Affiliation
Date
A Patient Educator in A Hospital
Introduction
Nursing is not all about giving medications or treating patients. It is the responsibility of the nurses to educate patients on how to prevent illnesses and how to manage certain medical conditions. Nurses can do these by interacting and communicating with patients. By doing this, they will help patients understand how to take control of their health care. When patients take part in their health care, they are likely to change their behaviors and do things that are likely to improve their general health.
My role and the environment I will utilize for teaching
According to Burke and Mancuso (2012), learning is very important in any nursing environment. Effective education of patients happens from the time they are admitted at the hospital and goes on until the patients are discharged from the hospital. For out-patients, I will educate them during their waiting time. As a nurse I will take every opportunity I will come across during the patients’ visit to the hospital and throughout their admission in the hospital to educate them about their health care. I will provide patients with instructions to follow on self-care and how to maintain certain problems. Some of the self-care instructions include;
· How to follow the steps of self-care
· How to know early signs of certain illnesses
· How to go about emergency problems
· Who to contact in case of problems
The intended audience
I will educate people of all populations in my education program regardless of their age, culture, illness, ethnicity, and gender. General education will be provided to all patients on how to take care of themselves when they leave the hospital. This important because sometimes patients go home, neglect themselves, resume their unhealthy practices, and forget to manage their medical conditions. For patients suffering from diabetes, I will educate and provide them with instructions on how to inject themselves with insulin. For new mothers, they will learn how to take care of their new born babies and how to bath the infants. I will provide instructions on how to change a colostomy pouching system for the concerned patients.
The Social Cognitive Learning Theory
Key points of the theory
This theory concentrates on the impacts of social factors on a person’s thinking, perception and motivation. According to the social cognition theory, a patient must have different perspectives, approaches, and reactions to situations in the health care environment. The players in the health care setting would be expected to have different perceptions, interpretations, and responses to a situation that are strongly colored by their social and cultural experiences (Braungart, Braungart, & Gramet, 2008).
Why this theory fits the topic, audience, and the context
The ...
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1
Literature Review Assignment
STUDENT NAME
Class
Date
2
Part A: Annotated Bibliography
Article 1: Immigration as a Social Determinant of Health
Castañeda, H., Holmes, S. M., Madrigal, D. S., Young, M.-E. D., Beyeler, N., & Quesada, J.
(2015). Immigration as a Social Determinant of Health. Annual Review of Public
Health, 36(1), 375–392. doi: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182419
Abstract
Although immigration and immigrant populations have become increasingly important foci in
public health research and practice, a social determinants of health approach has seldom been
applied in this area. Global patterns of morbidity and mortality follow inequities rooted in
societal, political, and economic conditions produced and reproduced by social structures,
policies, and institutions. The lack of dialogue between these two profoundly related
phenomena—social determinants of health and immigration—has resulted in missed
opportunities for public health research, practice, and policy work. In this article, we discuss
primary frameworks used in recent public health literature on the health of immigrant
populations, note gaps in this literature, and argue for a broader examination of immigration as
both socially determined and a social determinant of health. We discuss priorities for future
research and policy to understand more fully and respond appropriately to the health of the
populations affected by this global phenomenon.
Annotated Bibliography
The article reports on the importance of identifying social determinants and the effects of
socially determined structures among immigrant populations in the United States. The study
identifies ways in which immigrants health outcomes are based on biases due to using
3
information based on group behaviors instead of on an induvial case. The impact of migrant and
immigrant individuals, physical and mental health in these communities’ changes as social,
economic, and political policies take place. This article is helpful in that broadens the
immigration experience including more central factors than just language, income, or education
as the cause of all health related problems in this community. But to show factors of power
structures and the ability to put in place effective health interventions that respond to direct
causes of poor or declining health in these populations.
Article 2: Fear by Association: Perceptions of Anti-Immigrant Policy and Health Outcomes
Vargas, Edward & Sanchez, Gabriel & Juárez, Melina. (2017). Fear by Association: Perceptions
of Anti-Immigrant Policy and Health Outcomes. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and
Law. 42. 3802940. 10.1215/03616878-3802940.
Abstract
The United States is experiencing a renewed period of immigration and immigrant policy
activity as well as heightened enforcement of such policies. This intensified activity can affect
various aspects of im ...
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tai lieu tong hop, thu vien luan van, luan van tong hop, do an chuyen nganh
Cultural Competence and PovertyExploring Play Therapists’ AOllieShoresna
Cultural Competence and Poverty:
Exploring Play Therapists’ Attitudes
Lauren Chase and Kristie Opiola
Department of Counseling, University of North Carolina at Charlotte
This article reports the findings of a survey that investigated attitudes toward poverty
among play therapists (N � 390) and its relation to demographic information. Multi-
variate analyses of variance (MANOVA) were used to measure the relationship
between play therapists’ demographics and their attitudes toward poverty, specifically
their structural, personal deficiency, and stigma scores. Results indicated that both
region and age resulted in differing views on poverty. Participants living in the
Northeast held stronger structural views of poverty than participants in the South.
Similarly, participants in the 50 –59 and 60 plus age groups disagreed to strongly
disagree with a personal explanation toward poverty than participants in the 30 –39 age
group. The importance of play therapists’ examining their attitudes toward poverty and
the direct impact on their work is discussed. Finally, implications of the results,
including overall findings, are explained.
Keywords: play therapy, attitudes of poverty, cultural competence
Culturally competent training is an element
of credentialing requirements that ensures men-
tal health providers offer adequate and respon-
sive care to diverse populations. Although the
mental health field has embedded cultural com-
petence in their standards and guidelines, there
are discrepancies in the way the profession as-
sesses and measures competence (Sue et al.,
1996). Researchers have investigated attitudes
toward poverty in the helping professions
(Levin & Schwartz-Tayri, 2017; Noone et al.,
2012; van Heerde & Hudson, 2010; & Wit-
tenauer et al., 2015), but no study has focused
on play therapists’ attitudes toward poverty.
The purpose of this study is to fill a gap in the
literature regarding play therapist’s attitudes to-
ward poverty because awareness and knowl-
edge are key elements to implement culturally
responsive services and skills with diverse chil-
dren in a variety of settings.
Cultural Competence
Cultural competence is an important compo-
nent of professional practice, and practitioners
are expected to develop skills and understand-
ing pertaining to diverse clientele. Researchers
define cultural competence as the set of beliefs,
knowledge, and skills mental health providers
possess in order to deliver effective interven-
tions and services to members of various cul-
tures (Gilbert et al., 2007; Sue, 2006). The New
Freedom Commission on Mental Health (2003)
recognized disparities in mental health delivery
and viewed the lack of cultural competence for
minority populations as a persistent problem.
Culturally competent health care is essential to
providing effective care to all populations. To
aid practitioners in their ability to increase their
cultural competence, leading professional men-
tal health associations have published ...
Running Head SOCIOLOGY IN NURSING 1 SOCIOLOGY IN NURSING .docxtodd521
Running Head: SOCIOLOGY IN NURSING
1
SOCIOLOGY IN NURSING
2
Sociology in nursing: A look from different perspectives
Name
Institution
Introduction
Health literacy is the acquisition and application of knowledge to daily practices for the improvement of the general health of an individual as well as the community. This influences the response to symptoms of illness, approach to treatment and preventive measures. While it may seem like common knowledge, the difference in the cultural and social background comes into play during the stated health literacy skills. Nurses are tasked with the provision of elementary care to culturally diverse communities and thus necessitating cultural competency.
Different concepts exist with regard to cultural composition and diversity in the community under evaluation. Singleton & Krause (2009) identify these to include: Magico-religious, biomedical and deterministic concepts. These concepts are always evolving with arising situations. Regular training on cultural competence is recommended as it is considered a threat to patients (Kaihlanen, Hietapakka & Heponiemi, 2019). This paper will look at nursing from different sociology perspectives to demonstrate the need for training.
Health literacy from sociological perspectives
Functionalist perspective
Health concepts are shared among a group of people sharing in other aspects of life as well. This is a source of continuity in identity recognized from doing things in a certain way. This is well demonstrated in Mayhew (2018), where an initial visit to a health facility, the nurse provides treatment options, which is met by indecisiveness, which turns around on the second visit following consultation with family members on the best course of action (Mayhew, 2018) for the ailing family member. The consultation gives the young mother confidence and a sense of unity in the family due to their collectivist approach. The institution of marriage is revered as well as nursing, as the mother takes time to understand all that pertains to the provided options.
Conflict perspective
Cultural diversity presents different approaches to decision making on health issues. Despite expert knowledge, a nurse must operate under ethical codes by respecting the patient's autonomy. This means that the decision reached, and failure thereof, must be upheld. For instance, a magico- religious culture may bar ailing members from procuring blood transfusions, even though their condition may only be helped by one. A nurse, while offering this option to them, can only do so much but respect this culture.
Conflict may also arise when actions taken in an emergency situation, maybe in opposition to patient beliefs, such as first aid to the opposite sex.
Symbolic interactionism perspective
This perspective demonstrates the difference in dialects and jargon used by different societies. Nursing uses professional language and jargon, which patients may not decipher. Equally, nurses are fac.
Running Head SOCIOLOGY IN NURSING 1 SOCIOLOGY IN NURSING .docxjeanettehully
Running Head: SOCIOLOGY IN NURSING
1
SOCIOLOGY IN NURSING
2
Sociology in nursing: A look from different perspectives
Name
Institution
Introduction
Health literacy is the acquisition and application of knowledge to daily practices for the improvement of the general health of an individual as well as the community. This influences the response to symptoms of illness, approach to treatment and preventive measures. While it may seem like common knowledge, the difference in the cultural and social background comes into play during the stated health literacy skills. Nurses are tasked with the provision of elementary care to culturally diverse communities and thus necessitating cultural competency.
Different concepts exist with regard to cultural composition and diversity in the community under evaluation. Singleton & Krause (2009) identify these to include: Magico-religious, biomedical and deterministic concepts. These concepts are always evolving with arising situations. Regular training on cultural competence is recommended as it is considered a threat to patients (Kaihlanen, Hietapakka & Heponiemi, 2019). This paper will look at nursing from different sociology perspectives to demonstrate the need for training.
Health literacy from sociological perspectives
Functionalist perspective
Health concepts are shared among a group of people sharing in other aspects of life as well. This is a source of continuity in identity recognized from doing things in a certain way. This is well demonstrated in Mayhew (2018), where an initial visit to a health facility, the nurse provides treatment options, which is met by indecisiveness, which turns around on the second visit following consultation with family members on the best course of action (Mayhew, 2018) for the ailing family member. The consultation gives the young mother confidence and a sense of unity in the family due to their collectivist approach. The institution of marriage is revered as well as nursing, as the mother takes time to understand all that pertains to the provided options.
Conflict perspective
Cultural diversity presents different approaches to decision making on health issues. Despite expert knowledge, a nurse must operate under ethical codes by respecting the patient's autonomy. This means that the decision reached, and failure thereof, must be upheld. For instance, a magico- religious culture may bar ailing members from procuring blood transfusions, even though their condition may only be helped by one. A nurse, while offering this option to them, can only do so much but respect this culture.
Conflict may also arise when actions taken in an emergency situation, maybe in opposition to patient beliefs, such as first aid to the opposite sex.
Symbolic interactionism perspective
This perspective demonstrates the difference in dialects and jargon used by different societies. Nursing uses professional language and jargon, which patients may not decipher. Equally, nurses are fac ...
Part 1.....InstructionsSelect one of the age groups disc.docxMARRY7
Part 1.....
Instructions
Select one of the age groups discussed in this unit (adolescent, adult, or elderly). Create a community health strategy for dealing with intentional and unintentional injuries (motor vehicle accidents, suicide, or violence).Your response should include information on the morbidity and mortality rates and the key factors associated with the injuries.Your APA-Style essay must be at least two pages in length (not counting the title and reference pages). All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.
Part 2....... Need To Be 1 Paragraph Long
According to the Centers for Medicare Services (CMS), the Affordable Care Act (ACA) was designed to give U.S. citizens improved flexibility and control, allowing them to make more informed decisions about their own health plans and healthcare providers.
Now that the ACA has been in place for several years, do you feel that in fact happened? Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the ACA today.
.
Part 1 – Add to Website PlanList at least three .docxMARRY7
Part 1 – Add to Website Plan
List
at least three interactive features that could be added to your
site and what purpose each would serve for your site and its visitors.
The form created in Part Two of this assignment can be included as
one of the interactive features.
Part 2 – Refine and finalize your website
Refine
and finalize your website by doing the following:
•
Add a simple web form—such as an order form, a subscription
to a newsletter, or a request for contact.
•
Use division or a table to structure the form elements.
•
Apply JavaScript
®
to validate the form.
•
Finalize a navigation system.
•
Use metadata to increase accessibility and search engine
optimization.
15
WEB/240 Version 1
8
•
Test for functionality and usability.
As in the prior assignment, use only Adobe
®
Dreamweaver
®
or
another HTML editor to refine the homepage developed in Week
Three.
Check
your HTML code using the Markup Validation Service on the
W3C
®
website, (www.w3.org) prior to submitting your web page(s).
A link to this site may be found in the Materials tab on your student
website.
Submit
all website files in a compressed folder.
.
More Related Content
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Running head UNION COUNTY, GEORGIA .docxtoltonkendal
Running head: UNION COUNTY, GEORGIA 1
UNION COUNTY, GEORGIA 2
Union County, Georgia
Kimberly Crawford
January 30, 2017
Kaplan University
The following paper will answer the asked questions.
Name of County and State
Union County, Georgia.
County population with racial and gender breakdowns
As of July 1, 2015 estimates, the County population was 22, 267 individuals. Of this, 51.7% were Females, while as the males were 48.3%. The white people were 96.5%, the African Americans were 1.0%, the American Indian and Alaska Natives were 0.5%, Asians were 0.7%, Hispanics were 3.2%, and people with two or more races present accounted for 1.3%.
Number of Senior Citizens
The number of senior citizens was 32.5%.
Number of Disabled Individuals
The number of disabled individuals under the age of 65 was 13.9%.
Number of Children
The number of children was 16.1%.
Of the populations above, I choose the senior citizens. The first health concern for this population is elder abuse. At this age, this people are not able to actively take care of themselves like they would a while back. For this reason, they constantly required to be taken care of, in almost all the aspects of their lives. However, elder abuse is a common occurrence in which, the caregivers neglect this population so much, to the extent of some of them even dying. It is such a shame that such a thing might happen to such a delicate population. A second health concern for this population, is the risk of heath disease and other chronic diseases. According to the Centre for Disease Control (CDC), heart disease is one of the leading killers for the senior citizens because at this age, they are delicate and their hearts are very weak (Motooka et al., 2006).
The senior citizens require a number of community health interventions and public policies, which are aimed at ensuring they lead a comfortable life. For instance, they should have access to caregivers when they cannot adequately take care of themselves (Takano, 2002). In addition, they should have access to proper diets, and they should be provided with as much assistance as possible when they are at home and in public places. They should also have regular medical check-ups, to ascertain their health conditions, as well as have access to a hospital and a personal doctor in case they need consultation before their regular sessions (Anderson, 2003). Regular exercises is also good for ensuring their lives are going on smoothly.
Health Risk Assessment
In the health risk assessment tests, I took the eating behaviour test. The questions asked basically were about the kind of foods and drinks that I take on a daily basis, how often I take the meals per day, the rate and posture at which I take the meals, my favourite comfort food, and the circumstances under which I take th ...
Defining a Culturally Competent Organization Culturally competent .docxvickeryr87
Defining a Culturally Competent Organization Culturally competent health care, broadly defined as services that are respectful of and responsive to the cultural and linguistic needs of patients, is increasingly viewed as essential in reducing racial and ethnic disparities, improving health care quality, and controlling costs. The U.S. government considers cultural competence as a method of increasing access to quality care for all patients. The aim should be to develop systems more responsive to diverse populations. Managed care organizations view cultural competence as driving both quality and business. By embedding cultural competence strategies into quality improvement initiatives to make care more efficient and effective, clinical outcomes are improved while costs are controlled. Those in academic settings agree that cultural competency education is crucial for preparing future health care workers, although appropriate education on the topic is provided in only half of the medical schools in the United States (Betancourt, Green, Carrillo, & Park, 2005). According to the Office of Minority Health, cultural competence refers to the ability of health care providers and organizations to understand and respond effectively to the cultural and linguistic needs of patients (Office of Minority Health, 2001). Cultural competence encompasses a wide range of activities and considerations. It includes providing respectful care that is consistent with cultural health beliefs of the clients and family members. Competent interpreter services and programs to promote staff diversity are other ways in which health care organizations can increase cultural competence (Clancy & Stryer, 2001). Because communication is a cornerstone of patient safety and quality care, every patient has the right to receive information in a manner he or she understands. Effective communication allows patients to participate more fully in their care. Communicating effectively with patients is also critical to the informed consent process and helps practitioners and hospitals give the best possible care. For communication to be effective, the information provided must be complete, accurate, timely, unambiguous, and understood by the patient. Many patients of varying circumstances require alternative communication methods: patients who speak and/or read languages other than English; patients who have limited literacy in any language; patients who have visual or hearing impairments; patients on ventilators; patients with cognitive impairments; and children. The hospital has many options available to assist in communication with these individuals, such as interpreters, translated written materials, pen and paper, communication boards, and speech therapy. It is up to the hospital to determine which method is the best for each patient. Various laws, regulations, and guidelines are relevant to the use of interpreters. These include Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, 1964; Executive Order .
Running Head TEACHING PLAN2TEACHING PLAN2.docxjeanettehully
Running Head: TEACHING PLAN 2
TEACHING PLAN 2
High-Level Teaching Plan for A Diverse Learning Environment
Student’s Name
Course Code
Institution Affiliation
Date
A Patient Educator in A Hospital
Introduction
Nursing is not all about giving medications or treating patients. It is the responsibility of the nurses to educate patients on how to prevent illnesses and how to manage certain medical conditions. Nurses can do these by interacting and communicating with patients. By doing this, they will help patients understand how to take control of their health care. When patients take part in their health care, they are likely to change their behaviors and do things that are likely to improve their general health.
My role and the environment I will utilize for teaching
According to Burke and Mancuso (2012), learning is very important in any nursing environment. Effective education of patients happens from the time they are admitted at the hospital and goes on until the patients are discharged from the hospital. For out-patients, I will educate them during their waiting time. As a nurse I will take every opportunity I will come across during the patients’ visit to the hospital and throughout their admission in the hospital to educate them about their health care. I will provide patients with instructions to follow on self-care and how to maintain certain problems. Some of the self-care instructions include;
· How to follow the steps of self-care
· How to know early signs of certain illnesses
· How to go about emergency problems
· Who to contact in case of problems
The intended audience
I will educate people of all populations in my education program regardless of their age, culture, illness, ethnicity, and gender. General education will be provided to all patients on how to take care of themselves when they leave the hospital. This important because sometimes patients go home, neglect themselves, resume their unhealthy practices, and forget to manage their medical conditions. For patients suffering from diabetes, I will educate and provide them with instructions on how to inject themselves with insulin. For new mothers, they will learn how to take care of their new born babies and how to bath the infants. I will provide instructions on how to change a colostomy pouching system for the concerned patients.
The Social Cognitive Learning Theory
Key points of the theory
This theory concentrates on the impacts of social factors on a person’s thinking, perception and motivation. According to the social cognition theory, a patient must have different perspectives, approaches, and reactions to situations in the health care environment. The players in the health care setting would be expected to have different perceptions, interpretations, and responses to a situation that are strongly colored by their social and cultural experiences (Braungart, Braungart, & Gramet, 2008).
Why this theory fits the topic, audience, and the context
The ...
Health Needs Assessment Paper
Community Health Assessment
An Assessment of Community Health Needs
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Community Health Needs Assessment
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Community Health Needs Assessment Paper
Community Needs Assessment Essay
Comprehensive Needs Assessment
The Community Health Needs Assessment Essay
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The Importance Of Health Assessment
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Public Health Assessment Essay
1
Literature Review Assignment
STUDENT NAME
Class
Date
2
Part A: Annotated Bibliography
Article 1: Immigration as a Social Determinant of Health
Castañeda, H., Holmes, S. M., Madrigal, D. S., Young, M.-E. D., Beyeler, N., & Quesada, J.
(2015). Immigration as a Social Determinant of Health. Annual Review of Public
Health, 36(1), 375–392. doi: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182419
Abstract
Although immigration and immigrant populations have become increasingly important foci in
public health research and practice, a social determinants of health approach has seldom been
applied in this area. Global patterns of morbidity and mortality follow inequities rooted in
societal, political, and economic conditions produced and reproduced by social structures,
policies, and institutions. The lack of dialogue between these two profoundly related
phenomena—social determinants of health and immigration—has resulted in missed
opportunities for public health research, practice, and policy work. In this article, we discuss
primary frameworks used in recent public health literature on the health of immigrant
populations, note gaps in this literature, and argue for a broader examination of immigration as
both socially determined and a social determinant of health. We discuss priorities for future
research and policy to understand more fully and respond appropriately to the health of the
populations affected by this global phenomenon.
Annotated Bibliography
The article reports on the importance of identifying social determinants and the effects of
socially determined structures among immigrant populations in the United States. The study
identifies ways in which immigrants health outcomes are based on biases due to using
3
information based on group behaviors instead of on an induvial case. The impact of migrant and
immigrant individuals, physical and mental health in these communities’ changes as social,
economic, and political policies take place. This article is helpful in that broadens the
immigration experience including more central factors than just language, income, or education
as the cause of all health related problems in this community. But to show factors of power
structures and the ability to put in place effective health interventions that respond to direct
causes of poor or declining health in these populations.
Article 2: Fear by Association: Perceptions of Anti-Immigrant Policy and Health Outcomes
Vargas, Edward & Sanchez, Gabriel & Juárez, Melina. (2017). Fear by Association: Perceptions
of Anti-Immigrant Policy and Health Outcomes. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and
Law. 42. 3802940. 10.1215/03616878-3802940.
Abstract
The United States is experiencing a renewed period of immigration and immigrant policy
activity as well as heightened enforcement of such policies. This intensified activity can affect
various aspects of im ...
Để xem full tài liệu Xin vui long liên hệ page để được hỗ trợ
: https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
HOẶC
https://www.facebook.com/garmentspace/
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
tai lieu tong hop, thu vien luan van, luan van tong hop, do an chuyen nganh
Cultural Competence and PovertyExploring Play Therapists’ AOllieShoresna
Cultural Competence and Poverty:
Exploring Play Therapists’ Attitudes
Lauren Chase and Kristie Opiola
Department of Counseling, University of North Carolina at Charlotte
This article reports the findings of a survey that investigated attitudes toward poverty
among play therapists (N � 390) and its relation to demographic information. Multi-
variate analyses of variance (MANOVA) were used to measure the relationship
between play therapists’ demographics and their attitudes toward poverty, specifically
their structural, personal deficiency, and stigma scores. Results indicated that both
region and age resulted in differing views on poverty. Participants living in the
Northeast held stronger structural views of poverty than participants in the South.
Similarly, participants in the 50 –59 and 60 plus age groups disagreed to strongly
disagree with a personal explanation toward poverty than participants in the 30 –39 age
group. The importance of play therapists’ examining their attitudes toward poverty and
the direct impact on their work is discussed. Finally, implications of the results,
including overall findings, are explained.
Keywords: play therapy, attitudes of poverty, cultural competence
Culturally competent training is an element
of credentialing requirements that ensures men-
tal health providers offer adequate and respon-
sive care to diverse populations. Although the
mental health field has embedded cultural com-
petence in their standards and guidelines, there
are discrepancies in the way the profession as-
sesses and measures competence (Sue et al.,
1996). Researchers have investigated attitudes
toward poverty in the helping professions
(Levin & Schwartz-Tayri, 2017; Noone et al.,
2012; van Heerde & Hudson, 2010; & Wit-
tenauer et al., 2015), but no study has focused
on play therapists’ attitudes toward poverty.
The purpose of this study is to fill a gap in the
literature regarding play therapist’s attitudes to-
ward poverty because awareness and knowl-
edge are key elements to implement culturally
responsive services and skills with diverse chil-
dren in a variety of settings.
Cultural Competence
Cultural competence is an important compo-
nent of professional practice, and practitioners
are expected to develop skills and understand-
ing pertaining to diverse clientele. Researchers
define cultural competence as the set of beliefs,
knowledge, and skills mental health providers
possess in order to deliver effective interven-
tions and services to members of various cul-
tures (Gilbert et al., 2007; Sue, 2006). The New
Freedom Commission on Mental Health (2003)
recognized disparities in mental health delivery
and viewed the lack of cultural competence for
minority populations as a persistent problem.
Culturally competent health care is essential to
providing effective care to all populations. To
aid practitioners in their ability to increase their
cultural competence, leading professional men-
tal health associations have published ...
Running Head SOCIOLOGY IN NURSING 1 SOCIOLOGY IN NURSING .docxtodd521
Running Head: SOCIOLOGY IN NURSING
1
SOCIOLOGY IN NURSING
2
Sociology in nursing: A look from different perspectives
Name
Institution
Introduction
Health literacy is the acquisition and application of knowledge to daily practices for the improvement of the general health of an individual as well as the community. This influences the response to symptoms of illness, approach to treatment and preventive measures. While it may seem like common knowledge, the difference in the cultural and social background comes into play during the stated health literacy skills. Nurses are tasked with the provision of elementary care to culturally diverse communities and thus necessitating cultural competency.
Different concepts exist with regard to cultural composition and diversity in the community under evaluation. Singleton & Krause (2009) identify these to include: Magico-religious, biomedical and deterministic concepts. These concepts are always evolving with arising situations. Regular training on cultural competence is recommended as it is considered a threat to patients (Kaihlanen, Hietapakka & Heponiemi, 2019). This paper will look at nursing from different sociology perspectives to demonstrate the need for training.
Health literacy from sociological perspectives
Functionalist perspective
Health concepts are shared among a group of people sharing in other aspects of life as well. This is a source of continuity in identity recognized from doing things in a certain way. This is well demonstrated in Mayhew (2018), where an initial visit to a health facility, the nurse provides treatment options, which is met by indecisiveness, which turns around on the second visit following consultation with family members on the best course of action (Mayhew, 2018) for the ailing family member. The consultation gives the young mother confidence and a sense of unity in the family due to their collectivist approach. The institution of marriage is revered as well as nursing, as the mother takes time to understand all that pertains to the provided options.
Conflict perspective
Cultural diversity presents different approaches to decision making on health issues. Despite expert knowledge, a nurse must operate under ethical codes by respecting the patient's autonomy. This means that the decision reached, and failure thereof, must be upheld. For instance, a magico- religious culture may bar ailing members from procuring blood transfusions, even though their condition may only be helped by one. A nurse, while offering this option to them, can only do so much but respect this culture.
Conflict may also arise when actions taken in an emergency situation, maybe in opposition to patient beliefs, such as first aid to the opposite sex.
Symbolic interactionism perspective
This perspective demonstrates the difference in dialects and jargon used by different societies. Nursing uses professional language and jargon, which patients may not decipher. Equally, nurses are fac.
Running Head SOCIOLOGY IN NURSING 1 SOCIOLOGY IN NURSING .docxjeanettehully
Running Head: SOCIOLOGY IN NURSING
1
SOCIOLOGY IN NURSING
2
Sociology in nursing: A look from different perspectives
Name
Institution
Introduction
Health literacy is the acquisition and application of knowledge to daily practices for the improvement of the general health of an individual as well as the community. This influences the response to symptoms of illness, approach to treatment and preventive measures. While it may seem like common knowledge, the difference in the cultural and social background comes into play during the stated health literacy skills. Nurses are tasked with the provision of elementary care to culturally diverse communities and thus necessitating cultural competency.
Different concepts exist with regard to cultural composition and diversity in the community under evaluation. Singleton & Krause (2009) identify these to include: Magico-religious, biomedical and deterministic concepts. These concepts are always evolving with arising situations. Regular training on cultural competence is recommended as it is considered a threat to patients (Kaihlanen, Hietapakka & Heponiemi, 2019). This paper will look at nursing from different sociology perspectives to demonstrate the need for training.
Health literacy from sociological perspectives
Functionalist perspective
Health concepts are shared among a group of people sharing in other aspects of life as well. This is a source of continuity in identity recognized from doing things in a certain way. This is well demonstrated in Mayhew (2018), where an initial visit to a health facility, the nurse provides treatment options, which is met by indecisiveness, which turns around on the second visit following consultation with family members on the best course of action (Mayhew, 2018) for the ailing family member. The consultation gives the young mother confidence and a sense of unity in the family due to their collectivist approach. The institution of marriage is revered as well as nursing, as the mother takes time to understand all that pertains to the provided options.
Conflict perspective
Cultural diversity presents different approaches to decision making on health issues. Despite expert knowledge, a nurse must operate under ethical codes by respecting the patient's autonomy. This means that the decision reached, and failure thereof, must be upheld. For instance, a magico- religious culture may bar ailing members from procuring blood transfusions, even though their condition may only be helped by one. A nurse, while offering this option to them, can only do so much but respect this culture.
Conflict may also arise when actions taken in an emergency situation, maybe in opposition to patient beliefs, such as first aid to the opposite sex.
Symbolic interactionism perspective
This perspective demonstrates the difference in dialects and jargon used by different societies. Nursing uses professional language and jargon, which patients may not decipher. Equally, nurses are fac ...
Part 1.....InstructionsSelect one of the age groups disc.docxMARRY7
Part 1.....
Instructions
Select one of the age groups discussed in this unit (adolescent, adult, or elderly). Create a community health strategy for dealing with intentional and unintentional injuries (motor vehicle accidents, suicide, or violence).Your response should include information on the morbidity and mortality rates and the key factors associated with the injuries.Your APA-Style essay must be at least two pages in length (not counting the title and reference pages). All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.
Part 2....... Need To Be 1 Paragraph Long
According to the Centers for Medicare Services (CMS), the Affordable Care Act (ACA) was designed to give U.S. citizens improved flexibility and control, allowing them to make more informed decisions about their own health plans and healthcare providers.
Now that the ACA has been in place for several years, do you feel that in fact happened? Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the ACA today.
.
Part 1 – Add to Website PlanList at least three .docxMARRY7
Part 1 – Add to Website Plan
List
at least three interactive features that could be added to your
site and what purpose each would serve for your site and its visitors.
The form created in Part Two of this assignment can be included as
one of the interactive features.
Part 2 – Refine and finalize your website
Refine
and finalize your website by doing the following:
•
Add a simple web form—such as an order form, a subscription
to a newsletter, or a request for contact.
•
Use division or a table to structure the form elements.
•
Apply JavaScript
®
to validate the form.
•
Finalize a navigation system.
•
Use metadata to increase accessibility and search engine
optimization.
15
WEB/240 Version 1
8
•
Test for functionality and usability.
As in the prior assignment, use only Adobe
®
Dreamweaver
®
or
another HTML editor to refine the homepage developed in Week
Three.
Check
your HTML code using the Markup Validation Service on the
W3C
®
website, (www.w3.org) prior to submitting your web page(s).
A link to this site may be found in the Materials tab on your student
website.
Submit
all website files in a compressed folder.
.
Part 1 True or False Questions. (10 questions at 1 point each).docxMARRY7
Part 1: True or False Questions.
(10 questions at 1 point each)
T
F
A hash algorithm uses a one-way cryptographic function, whereas both secret-key and public-key systems use two-way (i.e., reversible) cryptographic functions.
Answer: _____
T
F
The strongest 3DES (Triple DES) requires the use of three independent keys.
Answer: _____
T
F
When it comes to the ethics of a particular situation, there is only one right answer.
Answer: _____
T
F
Packet filters protect networks by blocking packets based on the packets’ contents.
Answer: _____
T
F
The biggest advantage of
public-key
cryptography over
secret-key
cryptography is in the area of key management/key distribution.
Answer: _____
T
F
In terms of privacy laws, companies have no advantage over the government in terms of the types of data that a company can collect.
Answer: _____
T
F
Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) provide no protection from internal threats.
Answer: _____
T
F
A Denial-of-Service attack does not require the attacker to penetrate the target's security defenses.
Answer: _____
T
F
AES uses the Rijndael algorithm.
Answer: _____
T
F
A one-time pad is a safe house used only once by an undercover agent.
Answer: _____
Part 2: Multiple Choice Questions. Print
all
the correct answers in the blank following the question; in some cases a fully correct answer may require more than one lettered choice to be selected. (
Each question is worth 2 points.
There is no guarantee of partial credit for partially correct answers.)
If person A uses AES to transmit an encrypted message to person B, which key or keys will A have to use:
a.
A’s private key
b.
A’s public key
c.
B’s private key
d.
B’s public key
e.
None of the keys listed above
Answer(s): ____
From the perspective of
entropy
:
Plaintext will have a higher entropy than the ciphertext
The unequal frequency of characters in human languages tends to reduce the entropy of plaintext messages in that language
Encrypted messages appear to be noise-like
Plaintext requires more transmission bandwidth than ciphertext
None of the above
Answer(s): _____
Protection of a software program that uses a unique, novel algorithm could be legally protected by:
a.
A patent
b.
A copyright
c.
A patent and copyright
d.
Ethical standards
e.
All of the above
Answer(s): _____
Security
threats
include which of the following:
a.
Unlocked doors
b.
Disgruntled employees
c.
Hurricanes
d.
Un-patched software programs
e.
All of the above
Answer(s): _____
Denial of service attacks include:
a.
DNS poisoning
b.
Smurf attack
c.
Ping of death
d.
SYN flood
e.
All of the above
Answer(s): _____
Part 3: Short Answer Questions.
(10 questions at 5 points each)
Alan and Beatrice are both users of PKI. Explain how they use their keys to communicate when Alan sends a private message to Beatrice, and provides proof that he sent the message.
Answer:
Briefly describe the purpose of firewalls and how .
Part 11. Why is it so important in system engineering to become .docxMARRY7
Part 1
1. Why is it so important in system engineering to become familiar with some of the analytical methods?
2. Identify and describe some of the technologies that are being applied in the design process. Provide some examples of typical applications, and describe some of the benefits associated with the application of computerized methods in the design process.
3. How does CAM and CAS relate to system engineering? Describe some possible impacts.
4. How is design review and evaluation accomplished? Why is it important relative to meeting system engineering objectives? Describe some of the checks and balances in the design process.
5. What is included in the establishment of a "functional” baseline, Allocated baseline, and Product baseline? Why is baseline management important?
6. What is configuration management (CM) and how does it relate to system engineering? Define Configuration Identification (CI) and Configuration Status Accounting (CSA).
Part 2
Select a system of your choice, and construct a sequential flow diagram of the overall system development process. Identify the major tasks in system development, and develop a plan/schedule of formal design review. Briefly describe what is covered in each.
Part 3
Discuss some of the problems associated with the application of computerized methods in the design process. Provide examples. What cautions must be observed?
.
Part 1 Using the internet, search for commercial IDPS systems. What.docxMARRY7
Part 1: Using the internet, search for commercial IDPS systems. What classification systems and descriptions are used and how can these be used to compare the features and components of each IDPS? Create a comparison spreadsheet identifying the classification systems you find.
Part 2: What are some of the legal and ethical issues surrounding the use of intrusion detection systems logs and other technology tools as evidence in criminal and legal matters?
Part 3: Write a 2 - 3 page APA style paper summarizing the background, description, and purpose of NIST Special Publication 800-94,
Guide to Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems
. The last section of your paper should be titled "Author Reflection" and should reflect your critique of the publication examined. You are not expected to read the entire guide, you should be mainly concerned with section two of the report, titled "Intrusion Detection and Prevention Principles" and section three of the report, titled "IDPS Technologies."
Part 4:
Why is it so important in system engineering to become familiar with some of the analytical methods?
Identify and describe some of the technologies that are being applied in the design process. Provide some examples of typical applications, and describe some of the benefits associated with the application of computerized methods in the design process.
How does CAM and CAS relate to system engineering? Describe some possible impacts.
How is design review and evaluation accomplished? Why is it important relative to meeting system engineering objectives? Describe some of the checks and balances in the design process.
What is included in the establishment of a "functional” baseline, Allocated baseline, and Product baseline? Why is baseline management important?
What is configuration management (CM) and how does it relate to system engineering? Define Configuration Identification (CI) and Configuration Status Accounting (CSA).
Part 5: Select a system of your choice, and construct a sequential flow diagram of the overall system development process. Identify the major tasks in system development, and develop a plan/schedule of formal design review. Briefly describe what is covered in each.
Part 6:
Discuss some of the problems associated with the application of computerized methods in the design process. Provide examples. What cautions must be observed?
.
Part 1- Create an outline of the assignment below thenPart 2-1000 .docxMARRY7
Part 1- Create an outline of the assignment below then
Part 2-1000 word assignment
Your fast-food franchise has been cleared for business in all 4 countries (United Arab Emirates, Israel, Mexico, and China). You now have to start construction on your restaurants. The financing is coming from the United Arab Emirates, the materials are coming from Mexico and China, the engineering and technology are coming from Israel , and the labor will be hired locally within these countries by your management team from the United States. You invite all of the players to the headquarters in the United States for a big meeting to explain the project and get to know one another. The people seem to be staying with their own groups and not mingling.
What is the cultural phenomenon at play here (what is it called/ term)?
How do you explain the lack of intercultural communication and interaction?
What do you know about these cultures—specifically their economic, political, educational, and social systems—that could help you in getting them together?
What are some of the contrasting cultural values of these countries?
You are concerned about some of the language barriers as you start the meeting, particularly the fact that the United States is a low-context country, and some of the countries present are high-context countries. Furthermore, you only speak English, and you do not have an interpreter present.
How will this affect the presentation?
What are some of the issues you should be concerned about regarding verbal and nonverbal language for this group?
What strategy would you use to begin to have everyone develop a relationship with each other that will help ease future negotiations, development, and implementation?
.
Part 1 Review QuestionsWhat is the difference between criminal la.docxMARRY7
Part 1: Review Questions
What is the difference between criminal law and civil law?
What is privacy, in the context of information security?
What is intellectual property? Is it offered the same protection in every country of the world? What laws currently protect it in the U.S. and Europe?
What are the three general categories of unethical and illegal behavior?
Part 2: Module Practice
What does CISSP stand for? Using the Internet, find out what continuing education is required in order for the holder of a CISSP to remain current and in good standing.
.
Part 1 Review QuestionsWhat is the difference between authenticat.docxMARRY7
Part 1: Review Questions
What is the difference between authentication and authorization? Can a system permit authorization without authentication? Why or why not?
What is the typical relationship between the untrusted network, the firewall, and the trusted network?
How does a network-based IDS differ from a host-based IDS?
What is a VPN? Why are VPNs widely used?
Part 2: Module Practice
Create a spreadsheet that takes eight values into eight different cells and then applies a transposition cipher to them. Next, create a row that takes the results and applies a substitution cipher to them (substitute 0 for 5, 1 for 6, 2 for 7, 3 for 8, 4 for 9, and vice versa).
.
Part 1 SQLDatabase workScenarioDevelopment of a relationa.docxMARRY7
Part 1: SQL/Database work
Scenario
Development of a relational database system for a food producing company
FoodRU is a Leicester-based food producing company. The company wants to keep details regarding both past and present employees and their assignment to shifts over time. At present, there are three defined shift patterns; the morning shift starts at 6am and finishes at 2pm, the day shift starts at 9am and finishes at 5pm, and the evening shift starts at 4pm and finishes at 12am (midnight). However, management have already indicated that they may need to add further shift patterns in the future (e.g., by adding a night shift to the existing ones so that the company can meet a high user demand for their foods). They therefore require shift details to be stored within a separate Shift table, with attributes that allow the storage of a shift name with its associated start and finish times (use the 24 hour clock for these times).
Past and present employee details are to be kept in the same Employee table, and the details to be kept are the employee’s unique 6 digit reference number, the first name, surname and any other names (if there are any) of the employee, the employee’s gender, contact address and contact telephone, the date on which the employee started his/her employment at the company and the date on which the employee finished his/her employment at the company (should s/he be a past employee). Details regarding staff assignments to shifts include the date that an employee was allocated to work a particular shift, and the date that s/he was taken off the shift (if not still assigned to it). Employees can be assigned to different shifts over time and even to the same shift over different time periods, although they cannot be assigned to more than one shift at any one time. A new employee may not yet be assigned to a shift.
Tasks:
1. Provide the table specifications for the THREE tables that are required by FoodRU to store employee, shift and assignment details. That is, for each of the three tables, you should provide, in a suitable presentation format, the name of the table and a specification of each its attributes to include:
• Attribute name
• Attribute brief description as to its meaning
• a description of the attribute’s data type/integrity (e.g., date field, character field of length 20, number field <= 10, etc. – you can use the Oracle data types within these descriptions if you want to)
• An indication as to whether the attribute is a primary key attribute and/or foreign key attribute
• An indication as to whether the attribute can or cannot take null values
Make sure your design specifies the appropriate links between the three tables. Remember to write down any additional integrity you need to enforce either at a specific table level or across two or more tables, if this is required. Also, remember to write down any justifications for the data types/integrity or for any other design features that.
Part 1 Review QuestionsWhat functions constitute a complete infor.docxMARRY7
Part 1: Review Questions
What functions constitute a complete information security program?
What is the typical size of the security staff in a small organization? A medium-sized organization? A large organization? A very large organization?
Where can an organization place the information security unit? Where should (and shouldn’t) it be placed?
Into what four areas should the information security functions be divided?
Part 2: Module Practice
Design three security posters on various aspects of information security using a graphics presentation program and clip art. Describe the methods you used to develop your design.
.
Part 1A persons lifestyle has a significant influence on the p.docxMARRY7
Part 1:
A person's lifestyle has a significant influence on the person's health and development as he or she moves into middle age (and old age). Stability and change are also common factors in an adult's life.
Describe how middle adulthood provides stability in a person's life. Explain some of the factors that would lead to stability in a person's life as he or she moves through middle age.
Describe some of the more common lifestyle issues that have a negative impact on a person's continued development. Explain how a person may be able to reverse some of the lifestyle influences.
On the basis of your readings, describe what is meant by a midlife crisis. Explain why a midlife crisis may or may not be critical.
Part 2:
Erikson, Gould, Helson, and Levinson provide different perspectives on middle age in adulthood.
Describe each of these theories as it relates to middle adulthood.
On the basis of your readings, compare and contrast these theories. Which one gives a better explanation of middle adulthood?
Justify your answers with appropriate reasoning and research from your text and course readings. Comment on the postings of at least two peers, and provide an analysis of each peer’s postings while also suggesting specific additions or clarifications for improving the discussion question response.
.
Part 1 Review QuestionsWhat is the definition of information secu.docxMARRY7
Part 1: Review Questions
What is the definition of information security? What essential protections must be in place to protect information systems from danger?
Define the InfoSec processes of identification, authentication, authorization, and accountability.
Define project management. Why is project management of particular interest in the field of information security?
What are the five basic outcomes that should be achieved through information security governance?
What is a threat in the context of information security? How many categories of threats exist as presented in this chapter?
Part 2: Module Practice
Find an article that talks about relative risk either from inside the organization or form external sources. Once you locate and read it, compose a 1-2 page paper that summarizes your findings and critique the article. Use a word processor to complete your assignment and submit it as a .docx or .doc document.
.
Part 1 Review QuestionsWhat is a security modelWhat are the es.docxMARRY7
Part 1: Review Questions
What is a security model?
What are the essential processes of access control?
Identify at least two different approaches used to categorize access control methodologies. List the types of controls found in each.
What is COBIT? Who is its sponsor? What does it accomplish?
What is the standard of due care? How does it relate to due diligence?
What is baselining? How does it differ from benchmarking?
Part 2: Module Practice
Make a list of at least ten information security metrics that could be collected for a small internet commerce company with 10 employees. For this senario, the company uses an outside vendor for packaging and distribution. Whom should the metrics be reported?
.
Part 1 Listed below are several key Supreme Court decisions that .docxMARRY7
Part 1:
Listed below are several key Supreme Court decisions that resulted in a clarification of inmate rights.
Choose any one
of the cases listed below. Summarize the facts of the case, the issue that needed to be resolved, the court’s decision, and the reasoning behind the decision.
Helling v. McKinney
(1993)
Washington v. Harper
(1990)
Hudson v. Palmer
(1984)
Bell v. Wolfish
(1979)
Bounds v. Smith
(1977)
Estelle v. Gamble
(1976)
Wolff v. McDonnell
(1974)
.
Part 1 Infrastructure DesignCreate an 8–10-page infrastructur.docxMARRY7
Part 1: Infrastructure Design
Create an 8–10-page infrastructure design document in which you:
Identify the major hardware and software components of your hypothetical e-commerce company's information systems infrastructure.
Design your e-commerce company's hardware (database and proxy servers, network equipment) and software (analytics, big data, API, content management) from a size, scale, type, and interoperability standards perspective.
Document the potential security vulnerabilities and a security design for your e-commerce company.
Use graphical tools to create a data flow diagram (DFD) for your e-commerce company.
Use sources to support your writing.
Choose sources that are credible, relevant, and appropriate.
Cite each source listed on your source page at least one time within your assignment.
Part 2: Updated Gantt Chart
Use Microsoft Project to update the previously created Gantt chart with the major and minor tasks identified in the infrastructure design document.
.
part 1 I attended an international conference on Biotechnology and .docxMARRY7
part 1: I attended an international conference on Biotechnology and one of the sessions I went to was on the subject of bio-engineering a "death gene" that could be introduced into the mosquito population and destroy every mosquito on earth. The discussion that ensued was about the ethics of such a thing. I want you to tell how you feel about introducing such a gene. Look up something about this. Your reference does not have to be about this particular gene, but can be about anything that relates to the discussion. Remember to cite your reference, and write at least 150 words
part 2:
Respond to another student
respond to this
I think that with regulation of the mosquito communities would be a good thing. Mosquitos carry many dangerous diseases and if we can lower the population we can slow the rate of transmission of these diseases. This could save many many lives around the world. I would be hesitant though to release the genetically engineered mosquitos into the environment. In the article I read they releases sterile male mosquitos into the environment. This I feel is a safer way to regulate because we are not altering any genes we are just regulating a naturally occurring issue in nature. Sterile males cannot pass on the genes and also male mosquitos are not the ones who would be likely to pass on the diseases. The article stated that only females bite and therefore males would not be capable of spreading the diseases. With sterile males being released there will be less mosquitos due to lack of repopulation. This will still allow organisms relying on mosquitos for food to still be able to survive with less risk to humans. They are an invasive species so it would help to eliminate the spread of mosquitos to different areas. This will keep the spread of disease throughout areas. I do not think it is right to alter the genes for human use though. It is not how nature had intended. If the gene pops up naturally in the population then it should not be taken out but we should not introduce it due to humans "playing God" with genetics. "Mosquitoes Engineered To Kill Their Own Kind." NPR. NPR, n.d. Web. 22 July 2014. .
.
Part 1 Chapter 7 Summary plus end of chapter discussion of Alfred.docxMARRY7
Part 1:
Chapter 7 Summary plus end of chapter discussion of Alfred Marshall, should be 100-250 words
Part 2: The discussion on the first 7 pages is a satire on the economists (known as the neoclassical economists).
List 4 passages that can be considered satire.
(You need not write the entire passage.
Simply show clearly where the passage begins and ends.)
.
Parent Involvement Plan This week you will create a Parent Involve.docxMARRY7
Parent Involvement Plan
This week you will create a Parent Involvement Plan in response to the following scenario:
Imagine you are working with infant, toddler and preschool aged children in a child care center. The majority of the children has special needs and receives early intervention or are on an IEP. Many of the children’s parents work two jobs and have a difficult time participating in the center's activities. Whenever the center plans an event, the parental involvement is lower than desired. The center has tried to increase parental involvement through such methods as calling to remind parents and sending home notices, but is not having any luck.
Your assignment is to create a Parental Involvement Plan to encourage better participation from parents. Follow these steps to develop your plan:
Step 1:
Identify the issue, discuss your beliefs about the situation, and formulate conclusions and offer suggestions to the director of the child care center.
Step 2:
Create a Parent Involvement Plan that your director can copy and paste into the employee and parent handbook. Your plan should include:
The importance of early intervention and individual educational plans
Ways to assist students and their families
The importance of parent involvement
Please use the template provided and your rubric as your guide to completing this assignment.
.
Parenting Practices Over GenerationsGeneration 1 Years children.docxMARRY7
Parenting Practices Over Generations
Generation 1: Years children were raised (19XX-XXXX)
Generation 2: Years
Generation 3: Years
Parenting Practice 1: Education
Parenting Practice 2:
Parenting Practice 3:
Parenting Practice 4:
.
ParamsThe interface must be pleasing to look at (a basic form wit.docxMARRY7
Params:
The interface must be pleasing to look at (a basic form with the four fields listed below, a playlist queue (checked listbox) and media player will suffice).
There must be a separate file that will contain information about each soundtrack in your system. That information will be:
Title;
Artist;
Note area;
Type; and
Anything else that you wish to include on each record.
There must be a way to add data to this file.
There must be a way to delete data from this file.
There must be at least one report using data from the file.
There must be a queue to allow you to play selected music tracks in sequence (like two in a row) without manual intervention.
There must be a way to show the data in at least two different sequences (by title, by artist, etc.).
There must be documentation explaining how your Jukebox works (how you add songs, play songs, etc.).
Currently there is a Text file that contains the information about the wav files to be played, several wav files that the text file references. I have also made an access database from the text file.
.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Cultural Barrier Viviana VanrelCOM200September 14,.docx
1. Cultural Barrier
Viviana Vanrel
COM/200
September 14, 2015
Shea Brooks
*
Personal Background John Smith is an American who is thirty
years old.He is an African-American.Works as a janitor in
Texas.
John Smith is one of the African Americans who have been
working hard to ensure that the do make the ends meet. At the
age of thirty year old, he has been able to open a business of
janitorial services thus employing twenty people. His hard work
has placed him a the position of the best companies in Texas
offering these services. His family is known to have come to
Texas in over fifty years ago. After completing the college, he
chose to offer janitorial services to people of the region. He is
known to be an honest man who does his duties diligently.
*
2. Where he Lives
The man has lived in Texas for better part of his life. He has
been interacting with different people both professionally and
socially. Texas is his home and he has businesses at this region
John is a person who has lived in Texas all of his life. In fact,
most of his schooling was conducted in this region. This areas
is known to have many people of different cultures which has
forced him to learn to tolerate. This region is also known to be
culturally rich compared to other parts of the area. The business
that he operates has been opened in this region.
*
Cultural FactsThis person has undergone through most of
the African Americans rites of passage. He underwent through
thorough shaving by that was a must to conducted.He had to
learn different cultures so as to interact with the neighbors
freely.
Learning to adapt to different culture is a difficult task that
each person has to give a try. As for John, this was the only way
he could have survived to live in this region. Therefore, this
was a choice he could have made earlier or later in life and
there was no way out of it. The most interesting of all was being
asked to be shaved at the age of thirteen to symbolize that he
was about to be recognized by the society as a fully grown man.
In addition, understanding different cultures was to his
advantage because he was now capable of interacting with
different cultures(Castillo, 2006).
*
3. Experiences in adapting new cultureLanguage barrier Emotional
constraintsBehavior constraints
While learning these cultures, John encountered different
experiences including the one for language barrier. It was
difficult for him to figure out what some of the words meant so
that he could have understood that culture more. Emotional
constraints were other experiences that he encountered while
adapting. Finally, there were behavior constraints that gave him
the perfect experience for understanding that particular
culture(Tosi, 2013).
*
Comparison between both Johns culture and mineThese cultures
all give us a way of thinking, hearing, and seeing the
world.Additionally, both cultures trigger a different
interpretation to the world.However, the portrayal of emotions
is different in the two cultures.
Cultural relativism is an aspect that entails comparing different
cultures and evaluating in details the major similarities and
differences in the cultures. These cultures are both symbolic
because they help us view the world differently from different
perspectives. In addition, these cultures have made it possible
to interpret the world differently based on the belief of each and
every culture. My culture is different from John’s in the manner
in which they portray their emotions towards different
circumstances.
*
4. Reference Castillo, E. D. (2006). Reducing cultural barriers
through Promotores de Salud.Tosi, A. (2013). Crossing barriers
and bridging cultures: The challenges of multilingual translation
for the European Union. Clevedon ; Toronto: Multilingual
Matters.
*
Create a 2-3-slide ONLY. NO MORE THAN 3 slides
Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation, including detailed
speaker notes, based on the techniques of the research process
from Weeks Two and Three.
· Conclusions: Explain some ways to integrate the future trends
of health care research and consumerism.
Weeks 2, 3
_ sponsored research
-therapeutic and no therapeutic research
-inferential analysis
-hypothesis testing
-analysis of variance
examples
Abstract
TranslateAbstract
Despite extensive research on defining and measuring health
care quality, little attention has been given to consumers'
5. perspectives of high-quality health care. The purposes of this
study were to (a) identify the importance to consumers of
attributes of health care quality and nursing care quality, and
(b) examine the relationship of consumer perspectives to health
status and selected demographic variables.
Exploratory. Consumers (N = 239) were recruited from waiting
rooms of clinics and in neighborhoods of a large metropolitan
area in the Midwestern United States that included both urban
and suburban populations.
Participants completed the Quality Health Care Questionnaire
(QHCQ) and the SF-36 Health Survey. On the QHCQ, they rated
the importance of 27 attributes of health care and nursing care
quality. The SF-36 is a 36-item instrument for measuring health
status in eight general areas.
The most important indicators of high-quality nursing care to
consumers were: being cared for by nurses who are up-to-date
and well informed; being able to communicate with the nurse;
spending enough time with the nurse and not feeling rushed
during the visit; having a nurse teach about the illness,
medications, treatments, and staying healthy; and being able to
call a nurse with questions. The lowest-rated item was having
an opportunity to be cared for by nurse practitioners. Ratings
differed by race, age, years of education, income, and health
status.
The importance that consumers place on teaching by the nurse
was emphasized, particularly among people with less education,
low income levels, and chronic illnesses.
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Headnote
Purpose: Despite extensive research on defining and measuring
health care quality, little attention has been given to consumers'
perspectives of high-quality health care. The purposes of this
study were to (a) identify the importance to consumers of
attributes of health care quality and nursing care quality, and
6. (b) examine the relationship of consumer perspectives to health
status and selected demographic variables.
Design: Exploratory Consumers (N = 239) were recruited from
waiting rooms of clinics and in neighborhoods of a large
metropolitan area in the Midwestern United States that included
both urban and suburban populations.
Methods: Participants completed the Quality Health Care
Questionnaire (QHCQ) and the SF-36 Health Survey On the
QHCQ, they rated the importance of 27 attributes of health care
and nursing care quality. The SF-36 is a 36-item instrument for
measuring health status in eight general areas.
Findings: The most important indicators of high-quality nursing
care to consumers were: being cared for by nurses who are up-
to-date and well in formed; being able to communicate with the
nurse; spending enough time with the nurse and not feeling
rushed during the visit; having a nurse teach about the illness,
medications, treatments, and staying healthy; and being able to
call a nurse with questions. The lowest-rated item was having
an opportunity to be cared for by nurse practitioners. Ratings
differed by race, age, years of education, income, and health
status.
Conclusions: The importance that consumers place on teaching
by the nurse was emphasized, particularly among people with
less education, low income levels, and chronic illnesses.
Headnote
(Key words: quality of nursing care, quality of health care,
consumer health information, patient education)
Extensive research has been done to define and measure health
care quality, yet less attention has been given to consumers'
perspectives of high-quality health care. Many investigators
have examined the type of information valuable to consumers in
choosing among varied health plans, such as how a health plan
works, its costs, benefits covered by the plan, quality of care,
and patient satisfaction. Whether consumers understand this
information and will actually use it to make health care
decisions have not yet been established through research
7. (Edgman-Levitan & Cleary, 1996; Longo et al., 1997; Oermann,
1999). Although research is available on patients' expectations
of and satisfaction with nursing care in hospitals, less is known
about their perspectives of care in ambulatory settings, where
more care is being delivered.
Learning about what consumers want from their health care and
what quality care means to them gives us a better understanding
of their expectations. What people expect from their health
plans and providers influences their satisfaction with care
(Concato & Feinstein,1997; Conway & Willcocks, 1997;
Kravitz, 1996; Pascoe, 1983; Sofaer 1997).
Kravitz (1996) developed a model to link expectations and
patient satisfaction with a medical encounter. This model
indicates that patients' expectations for care are formed before
the encounter and include expectations for care in general and
for the specific visit. These expectations are influenced by
demographic characteristics, prior health care experiences, and
concerns related to the patient's specific health problems.
Patients evaluate their visit with the provider by comparing the
events and their expectations. An understanding of these
expectations is important because meeting them may lead to
greater satisfaction with care (Kravitz, 1996).
Thus, this study was designed to (a) identify the importance to
consumers of attributes of health care quality and nursing care
quality, and (b) examine the relationship of quality of care
importance ratings to health status and selected demographic
variables.
Background
American consumers want information about the quality of their
health plans and care in general. Isaacs (1996) reported on a
survey of 1,081 adults from across the United States. Fifty
percent of the subjects were enrolled in fee-for-service plans,
23% in health maintenance organizations (HMOs), 11% in
preferred provider organizations (PPOs), and the remaining 16%
were unsure how to characterize their coverage. Many (67%)
people did not understand the differences between traditional
8. fee-for-service and managed-care plans. Consumers were
interested in information about specialists, the quality of
physicians in the health plan, and certain illnesses and
conditions.
In a telephone survey sponsored by the Kaiser Family
Foundation (1996), 42% of the 2,006 adult participants rated
quality of care as their major concern. Responses to the survey
indicated that ease of access to specialists (68%) and range of
benefits offered (66%) are major determinants of consumers'
ratings of the quality of health plans. Other factors important to
participants were percentage of physicians with complaints filed
against them by patients (64%), percentage of plan members
who get regular preventive screenings (62%), and patient
satisfaction (57%).
Hibbard and Jewett ( 1996, 1997) examined how consumers
viewed different quality indicators, the majority of which were
taken from the Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set
(HEDIS). Quality of physicians and hospitals were more
important to consumers than was information about the health
plan itself. Indicators of preventive care were the most
important factors to consumers, followed by patients' ratings of
quality and satisfaction.
Although consumers reported high interest in having
information about the quality of health plans, their stated
preferences for this information were inconsistent with actual
choices (Hibbard & Jewett, 1996). Participants were given a
sample report card comparing two plans with hypothetical data
about their quality. When asked to choose between the plans,
participants did not select the plan that was consistent with their
earlier ratings of quality indicators. For example, they chose the
plan with more favorable ratings for events such as hospital
death rates after a heart attack, instead of choosing preventive
care. Consumers reported that they could provide their own
preventive care, but undesirable events, such as those following
surgery or a heart attack, were not under their personal control.
Many of the published report cards contain information not
9. readily understood by consumers. To provide more meaningful
information to consumers, researchers at the Foundation for
Accountability (FACCT) developed and tested a model for
reporting quality information derived from FACCT, HEDIS, and
Consumer Assessment of Health Plans (CAHPS). Twelve focus
groups (n = 112) and eight interviews were held with Medicare
beneficiaries (FACCT, 1997). The researchers identified these
five categories for reporting information to consumers: (a)
basics of good care, such as access and communication with
providers, (b) staying healthy, such as reduction of health risks
and early detection, (c) getting better, including appropriate
treatment and follow-up, (d) living with illness, such as
receiving needed assistance with an ongoing illness, and (e)
changing needs, including support and care when health needs
change (FACCT, 1997, 1999; Lansky, 1998). In an extension of
the research, federal employees and retirees confirmed that
FACCT's five performance categories were wellsuited for
providing information about quality to them (Bethell & Read,
1998).
Oermann (1999) interviewed consumers in the community about
their perspectives of quality health care and quality nursing
care. Consumers were asked four open-ended questions about
their definitions of health care and nursing care quality and
were asked to describe experiences that they felt represented
high-quality care. These interview questions were consistent
with the methodology used by FACCT researchers who began
by asking consumers to define quality health care and identify
characteristics of health care experiences that represented
quality care.
Consumers described high-quality health care as having access
to care (n = 143), having competent and skilled providers (n =
104), and receiving the proper treatment (n = 100). Consumers
defined high-quality nursing care as having nurses who were
concerned about them and demonstrated caring behaviors (n =
148), were competent and skilled (n = 115), communicated
effectively with them (n = 99), and taught them about their care
10. (n = 97). Consumers in both fee-for-service plans and HMOs
reported that access to care was the most important indicator of
good health care. They defined high-quality nursing care
similarly, although 10.8 % of people in HMOs added that an
important role of nurses was to be liaisons for them concerning
their physicians and other care providers.
Other research in nursing related to consumer assessment of
health care quality has been focused predominantly on patient
satisfaction with care, particularly nursing care in hospitals
(Chang, 1997; Hinshaw & Atwood, 1992; Jacox, Bausell, &
Mahrenholz, 1997; Minnick & Young, 1999) and outpatient care
settings (Ketefian, Redman, Nash, & Bogue,1997). Patient
satisfaction is influenced by patients' expectations and how they
define quality of care. Providers' perceptions of quality,
however may differ from patients' perceptions (Larrabee,1995;
Lynn & McMillen, 1999; Lynn & Moore, 1997).
Studies of consumer perspectives of health care quality have
shown limited information about how consumers define quality
nursing care. Because the predominant focus of studies has been
on choosing a health plan, few studies have addressed consumer
views of quality nursing care.
Methods
This exploratory study included a convenience sample of 239
consumers recruited from waiting rooms of clinics and from
neighborhoods of a large metropolitan area in the Midwest, with
both urban and suburban populations. Participants were over 18
years of age and were able to write and speak English. None of
the consumers had been hospitalized within the last 6 months.
The Quality Health Care Questionnaire (QHCQ), developed by
the investigators, included demographic and background
information and 27 attributes of health care and nursing care
quality. Consumers rated the importance of each of these
attributes in their views of quality care. A Likert scale of 1 (not
at all important) to 5 (very important) was used. The attributes
were identified from the literature on health care quality,
research on consumers' perspectives of quality care, and
11. research on patient satisfaction with nursing care.
Factor analysis was done using principal component analysis.
All factors with Eigenvalues greater than 1 were retained,
resulting in six factors that accounted for 64% of the variance:
medical care, teaching by the nurse, provider competence,
choice of provider, nurse-patient interaction, and convenience
of appointments. Medical care included nine items, such as
getting the information needed about treatments, being included
in decisions about care, and having access to specialists. The
factor teaching by the nurse included five items, such as having
a nurse teach about the illness, medications, and treatments. The
provider competence factor included three items relating to
physicians and nurses being up-to-date and competent to
provide care. Choice of provider included four items, such as
choosing my own physicians and having an opportunity to be
cared for by nurse practitioners. The factor nurse-patient
interaction included three items on communicating with the
nurse. The factor convenience of appointments included two
items related to getting appointments easily and not waiting too
long past the appointment time. These factor scores were
standardized to a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10.
Because previous research has shown differences in definitions
of quality care for people with chronic conditions, health status
was measured using the SF-36 Health Survey. The SF-36 is a
36-item instrument for measuring health status in eight general
areas: physical functioning, role limitations because of
physical-health problems, bodily pain, general health, vitality
(energy or fatigue), social functioning, role limitations because
of emotional problems, and mental health. Another concept
measured is health transition, whether general health is reported
as better or worse than for the previous year. For norm-based
scoring of the SF-36 each scale was standardized to a mean of
50 and standard deviation of 10 in the general population
(Ware, 1997). In this study the alpha coefficients for the scales
ranged from .84 to .90.
Neighborhoods within census tracts in a large metropolitan area
12. were selected to include a broad spectrum of consumers,
including both African Americans and Caucasians and varied
socioeconomic levels. The first half of the sample was obtained
by surveying individual households, door-to-door; this group of
consumers (n = 117, 49%) completed the instruments in their
own homes. The second half of the surveys were completed by
consumers (n = 122, 51%) recruited from the waiting rooms of
clinics in these same neighborhoods.
Findings
The sample included 149 women (63.1%) and 87 men (36.9%).
The ages of the consumers varied widely, from 18 to 92 years;
the mean age was 50.8 (SD = 15.05) years. One-half of the
subjects (n = 120, 50.2%) were married. About half (49.4%) of
the consumers had a high school education; level of education
ranged from less than highschool (n = 17, 7.1%) through post-
graduate (n = 49, 20.5 % ).
Slightly over half of the participants (n = 134, 56.1%) were
currently employed. Most consumers had private health
insurance through an employer (n = 140); some had Medicare (n
= 68), were covered as veterans (n = 39), had Medicaid (n =
18), or a combination of coverage. Participants had been seen
by a physician in the last year (M = 6.68 times), a nurse
practitioner (M = 1.14 times), or an RN in a physician's office
or clinic (M = 1.95 times).
Consumers rated the importance of 27 attributes of health care
and nursing care quality to them personally. Ratings ranged
from a low of 3.43 (SD = 1.16) for having an opportunity to be
cared for by nurse practitioners to the most important indicators
of quality health care: getting better (M = 4.92, SD = 0.34) and
being cared for by physicians who are up-to-date and well
informed (M = 4.92, SD = 0.32).
Other important indicators of quality health care to consumers
were: understanding my physicians' explanations of my illness,
treatments, and options (M = 4.91, SD = 0.36), having access to
specialists when needed (M = 4.89, SD = 0.41 ), being able to
communicate with the physician (M = 4.89, SD = 0.36), being
13. included in decisions about my care (M = 4.88, SD = 0.42), and
getting the tests I need to find diseases early (M = 4.88, SD =
0.42).
The most important indicators of quality nursing care to
consumers were: being cared for by nurses who are up-todate
and well informed (M = 4.84, SD = 0.50); being able to
communicate with the nurse (M = 4.70, SD = 0.55); spending
enough time with the nurse and not feeling rushed during the
visit (M = 4.51, SD = 0.71); having a nurse teach me about my
illness, medications, and treatments (M = 4.43, SD = 0.86);
having the nurse help me cope with my illness and maintain my
usual activities (M = 4.31, SD = 0.88); being able to call a nurse
with questions (M = 4.23, SD = 0.94); and having a nurse teach
me how to avoid illness and stay healthy (M = 4.15, SD = 1.04).
Some differences were found in importance ratings based on
race, age, years of education, income, and health status.
Participants included 163 (68.2%) Caucasians and 66 (27.6%)
African Americans. As shown in Table 1, the factor medical
care was reported a's less important to African Americans than
to Caucasians (F [1,229] = 9.95, p < .01), but teaching by the
nurse was significantly more important (F [1,229] = 6.77, p <
.01). Convenience of appointment also was more important as
reported by African Americans in their view of quality health
care than by Caucasians (F [1,229] = 12.24, p = .001). The
African Americans in this study reported significantly lower
scores than did Caucasians on every SF-36 scale (Oermann,
1999), and they reported more chronic illnesses (F [1, 229] =
7.26, p = .008).
Age was negatively correlated with choice of care provider (r =
-.33, p < .0001), see Table 2. The opportunity to choose a care
provider was reported as more important to younger subjects
than to older people.
Years of education was positively related to the medical care
factor (r = .22, p < .001) and negatively correlated with
teaching by the nurse (r = -.19, p = .004 ). Consumers with less
education rated teaching by the nurse as more important than
14. did people with more education. Participants with lower income
levels also rated teaching by the nurse as more important in
their care (r = -.25, p < .001 ).
Participants reported various chronic health problems,
predominantly visual problems, arthritis, hypertension, and low
back pain. The mean number of chronic illnesses was two.
Number of chronic illnesses was significantly related to the
importance of teaching by the nurse (r = .25, p < .001 ), choice
of provider (r = .24, p < .001 ), and convenience of
appointments (r = .14, p = .03 ), Table 2.
The mean scores on all the SF-36 scales were below the norms
for the general population (Ware, 1993) except the mental
health scale which was at the mean. The Pearson r formula was
used to calculate relationships between healthstatus scores and
importance factors. Participants with low scores on emotional
health, indicating problems with work and other daily activities
as a result of emotional problems, rated teaching by the nurse as
more important than did people with good emotional health (r =
-.161, p = .015). Similarly, a negative correlation was found
between the mental health scale and importance of teaching by
the nurse (r = -.16, p < .05), Table 2.
Although general health was not found to be related to medical
care quality, a statistically significant negative correlation was
found between the general health scores and importance of
teaching by the nurse (r = -.27, p < .001). Consumers with
poorer health rated teaching by the nurse as more important
than did people with better general health. Teaching by the
nurse also was related to consumers' ratings of the quality of
nursing care they received in the last 6 months in ambulatory
care settings (r = .16, p = .03).
Convenience of appointments was inversely related to physical
function (r = -.15, p = .02) and general health (r = .16, p = .016)
scores. People with limited physical functioning and poor
general health rated the ease of getting appointments and not
waiting too long past their appointment times as important
indicators of quality care.
15. For consumers who had health coverage programs, 97 (49.5%)
were in fee-for-service programs and 99 (50.5%) were in an
HMO or PPO. No statistically significant differences were
found in any of the importance factors between these groups.
Participants were asked if they read any information about
health care quality in the last 6 months. Most consumers (n =
139, 81.8%) had read something about health care quality in the
newspaper. People had also read information about health plans
from their employers (n = 35, 20.6%) and advertisements (n =
34, 20.0%). Although the majority had recently read
information about health care quality, few (n = 64, 26.8 % )
reported using this information when making health care
decisions, such as changing health plans or deciding on a
hospital or clinic. A related finding was that nearly half of the
consumers in this study (n = 117, 49.0%) had a choice of
different health plans.
Consumers recruited from clinics had less education (t = 3.35, p
= .001 ), lower incomes (t = 3.23, p = .001 ), and were in poorer
health (t = 4.16, p = .001 ) than were participants who
completed the surveys in their homes. Most notably, the views
of these two groups did not differ except concerning the' two
factors on nursing care. Consumers recruited from clinics
placed more importance on teaching by the nurse (t = 3.48, p =
.001 ) and interacting with the nurse (t = 2.12, p = .03) than did
the consumers surveyed in their homes.
Discussion
The attributes of health care important to consumers in this
study are consistent with findings from other research in
ambulatory care. Edgman-Levitan and Cleary (1996) reported
patients receiving care in physicians' offices, outpatients
clinics, community health centers, and other ambulatory settings
are concerned about access to care, coordination of services,
education, being treated with respect, and processes of care
such as waiting times for appointments.
What has not been reported in other studies, however, is the
importance consumers place on teaching by the nurse. Because
16. most of the research is in the context of choosing a health plan,
few investigators have asked consumers about the importance of
nursing care in their views of quality. Teaching about illness
and management of care at home, teaching about preventive
care, having a nurse help patients cope at home with their health
problems, and being able to call a nurse with questions were
important to consumers. Although understanding the physician's
explanation of the illness and treatment options was important,
consumers looked to the nurse for their health education.
Effective teaching requires knowledge and expertise, ability to
communicate with patients and families, and ability to assess
learning needs, plan and deliver the instruction, and evaluate its
outcomes (Oermann, 1997; Oermann & Gaberson,1998). Being
cared for by nurses who were up-todate and well informed,
being able to communicate with them, and not feeling rushed
during their visit were important to consumers and relate to
effective teaching.
For consumers with limited education and income levels,
teaching by the nurse was more important than to other
consumers. Patients who were not well educated placed greater
importance on the nurse providing information about their
health problems. This view was true particularly for African
Americans for whom health education by the nurse was central
to their view of quality nursing care.
People with limited physical functioning, relatively poor
general health, and more chronic illnesses rated the ease of
getting appointments and not waiting too long past their
appointment times as important indicators of quality care,
consistent with results from other studies (Concato & Feinstein,
1997; Edgman-Levitan & Cleary, 1996).
When asked about selecting a new health plan, participants
indicated that they would ask for recommendations from their
regular physician or other physicians (n = 107, 47.3%) or from
family and friends (n = 65, 28.8%). Few reported that they
would rely on quality information provided by their employers
(n = 11, 4.6%). These findings are consistent with the Kaiser
17. Family Foundation ( 1996) survey in which people reported that
they relied on personal recommendations from their physicians
(59%) and from family and friends (57%) for making health
care choices. In the Kaiser survey, 6 out of 10 people said that
employers were not good resources because they could not be
trusted to provide reliable information about the quality of
different health plans. While consumers might read about health
care quality, they might not always use this information in
making health related decisions (Chernew & Scanlon, 1998;
Hibbard & Jewett, 1996). The information available might be
too complex and detailed for many people to understand
(Oermann & Huber, 1999).
Conclusions
Nurses have important responsibilities for teaching patients
about health problems, self-care, and prevention. Nurses also
have a role in helping people understand quality information,
how they might use it in their decisions, and how to determine
if they are receiving high-quality care from their providers. The
tradition of educating patients about their health care, combined
with the importance consumers attribute to teaching by nurses,
make nurses key people for carrying out patient education as an
important component of quality of care.
References
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AuthorAffiliation
20. Marilyn H. Oermann, RN, PhD, FAAN, Lambda, Professor;
Thomas Templin, PhD, Statistician; both at the College of
Nursing, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI. This study was
funded by Wayne State University Faculty Research Grant,
Detroit, MI. Correspondence to Dr. Oermann, 168 North
Cranbrook Cross, Bloomfield Hills, MI 48301-2508. E-mail:
[email protected]
Accepted far publication November 18, 1999.
Copyright Sigma Theta Tau International, Inc., Honor Society
of Nursing Second Quarter 2000