Types Of Cement A powerful and long-lasting structure can be created with cement, a construction substance that hardens, sets, & adheres to other materials. The majority of its constituents are calcium silicates and other minor substances. In order to hydrate cement, it is mixed with water to create a paste, which eventually hardens and strengthens to form a solid structure.

1. Various Types Of Cement Used In Construction In India
A powerful and long-lasting structure can be created with cement, a construction
substance that hardens, sets, & adheres to other materials. The majority of its
constituents are calcium silicates and other minor substances. In order to hydrate
cement, it is mixed with water to create a paste, which eventually hardens and
strengthens to form a solid structure. Cement, a crucial component of the
construction industry, is used in the construction of bridges, dams, building
foundations, walls and floors, as well as numerous other infrastructure projects.
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One of the most versatile building materials is cement concrete. The majority of the
buildings that surround us are constructed with it. Due to its unique properties,
cement is the best binding agent for making concrete. In terms of scale, China and
India are tied for second place in cement output. India manufactures roughly 25,000
tonnes of cement annually. Focusing on the cement's brand image rather than the
appropriate sort of cement for the project is one of the most frequent errors made
by independent home builders. Below is a list of the several varieties of cement that
are offered in India.
Indian cement variations can be divided into the following categories:
 Based on the method of hardening and setting
 Based on the makeup and traits of

2. Cement Types Based on Hardening & Setting Mechanism
According to the way cement sets and hardens, there are essentially two types:
hydraulic cement & non-hydraulic cement. These two's specifics are:
Hydraulic Cement
The term "hydraulic cement" describes substances that hydrate and become hard in
the presence of water. Limestone, clay, & gypsum are the principal basic materials
used to manufacture non-hydraulic cement. To make hydraulic cement, the basic
material is burned at very high temperatures.
Clinkers largely formed of hydraulic calcium silicates are ground to create hydraulic
cement, which is then mixed with one or more different kinds of calcium sulphate. A
substance that is resistant to water is created when hydraulic cement reacts with
water and hardens.
Non-hydraulic Cement
The non-hydraulic cement may harden without water. When carbonation interacts
with the dissolved carbon dioxide in the air, it gets harder. This sort of cement needs
dry conditions to solidify. Lime, gypsum plasters, & oxychloride are the primary
ingredients needed to create non-hydraulic cement. For instance, slaked lime is a
non-hydraulic cement. Non-hydraulic cement is being phased out because it takes so
long to set.
Different Types of Cement Listed by Composition and Features
In India, there are 14 different varieties of cement available, each with its own
composition and properties. The features, applications, and material composition of
each variety of cement vary from those of the others. An overview of the many
cement kinds used in India can be found here.

3. OPC, or regular Portland Cement
Ordinary Portland Cement is available in three grades on the Indian market: 33, 43,
and 53
Concrete of grade 33 (M20 grade) is used for plastering. Using grade 43 (M30
grade), precast, plaster, & flooring are completely completed. For the construction of
roads, bridges, & multi-story buildings, grade 53 concrete is used.
Cement from Portland Slag
Construction of high-rise buildings uses it. As long as high-strength concrete is used,
buildings and bridges can last for 100 years. This cement is also used to construct
infrastructure for wastewater treatment and marine applications.
Cement Portland Pozzolana
For the construction of dams, retaining walls, maritime structures, plastering, bridge
footings, & masonry mortar manufacture, Portland Pozzolana cement is employed.
The cement is denser and more solid than conventional Portland cement.
White Cement
In addition to other things, white cement is used to fix marble roofs, floors, and tiles.
The interior and outside of items like face slabs and decorative concrete goods are
also decorated with it. Its chemical composition is nearly equal to that of regular
Portland cement despite being white.
Cement Resistant to Sulphates
When the structure is still in contact with the ground, groundwater, shoreline, or
seawater, this cement is employed. It is substituted with normal Portland cement in
these locations.

4. Portland Cement for Low Heat
weak heat for constructions that need to hold water, Portland cement is employed.
These include building retaining walls, slabs, piers, dams and bridge abutments.
This kind of cement is employed because it does not crack or contract.
Cement That Hardens Quickly
This cement is used to speed up construction and make repairs. It begins to set more
quickly and soon gains strength.
Quick Setting Cement
When compared to traditional cement systems, Quick Setting Cement (QSC)
demonstrates quick compressive strength & greatly reduces Waiting on Cement
(WOC) timeframes. Although it loses its fluidity more quickly than Portland cement,
it does not reach a higher strength rate. To raise cement alumina & lower gypsum,
which are employed in grouting & underwater concreting, finely grinding cement
clinkers produces QSC.
Blast Furnace Cement
A mixture of normal Portland cement & finely ground blast furnace slag produced as
a waste product of the steel-making process; blast furnace slag cement has a solid
content of less than 70%. It possesses cementitious qualities and is made up of
small, glassy particles.
High Alumina Cement
By sintering or fusing the alumina clinkers with calcareous material, such as lime,
high alumina cement is created. This cement is also known as calcium aluminium
cement. It is sulphate- and seawater-resistant and resistant to chemical attack in
general. Therefore, compared to conventional Portland cement, it has a substantially
higher ultimate strength.

5. Colored Cement
To generate coloured cement, ordinary Portland cement is blended with pigments at
a rate of 5–10%. White or grey cement is used as the base for coloured cement
production. The cost increases if the coloured cement has a white base as opposed
to a grey base.
Cement Entraining Air
To make air-entraining cement, regular Portland cement is combined with a tiny
number of air-entraining components. The most often utilised air-entraining
materials include resin, vinsol resin, oils, fats, & fatty acids. Darex and vinsol resin
are the materials that are utilised the most commonly. Because of these
components, air can be trapped in the form of microscopic air bubbles in concrete.
Concrete with air bubbles is more malleable, freeze-resistant, and workable. The
amount of air that is so entrained should not, however, be larger than 5% because it
weakens concrete.
Expansive Cement
Expansive cement is a special kind that expands much more after setting than
Portland cement paste when mixed with water. Losses resulting from shrinkage are
made up for by the expansion of the concrete or cement mortar.
Hydrophobic Cement
Hydro refers to water, while phobic is the opposite, as shown by the cement's name.
Portland cement clinker is ground with a material that produces films, such as oleic
acid, to create hydrophobic cement, which resists deterioration when held under
unfavorable storage conditions. Hydrographic cement is another name for the
cement.

6. The Ingredients of Cement and Their Uses
Cement Composition Uses
Ordinary Portland
Cement (OPC)
(IS:269)
Lime (CaO) 60 to 67%
Alumina (Al2O3) 3 to 8%
Magnesia (MgO) 0.1 to
4%
Silica (SiO2) 17 to 25%
Sulfur trioxide (SO3) 1 to
3%
Soda and Potash
(Na2O+K2O) 0.5 to 1.3%
Iron oxide (Fe2O3) 0.5 to
6%
General construction
purposes
masonry works
Portland Pozzolana
Cement
(IS:1489 P-2)
4% gypsum, 15–35%
pozzolanic material, and
the remaining clinker
Marine structures,
hydraulic structures, dam
building, seaside
development, etc.
Sulphate Resisting
Cement
(IS: 12330)
Tricalcium silicate
content is high while
tricalcium aluminate &
tetracalcium
aluminoferrite content is
low.
For instance, tidal
concrete surfaces, bridge
piers, buildings close to
the shore, effluent
treatment facilities,
chimneys, water storage,
chemical enterprises,
cooling towers, and
coastal protection
structures (breakwaters,
sea walls, tetrapods, etc.).
Portland Slag Cement
(IS: 455)
70% to 80% granulated
slag, 3% gypsum, & the
remaining material is
clinker
Building foundations,
dams, and massive
concrete structures
where it's important to
keep heat generation and
cracking under control.
White Cement
(IS: 8042)
pigment in a Portland
cement mixture of 5–10%
terrazzo floors, traffic
barriers, swimming pools,
roof tiles, decorative
work, and tile grout
Quick Setting Cement
(IS: 8041-1990)
Clinker
Aluminium sulphate (1–
3% by weight of clinker)
Building when
submerged in water and

7. To speed up silicate's
hydration, add aluminium
sulphate.
building in chilly, rainy
conditions.
Low Heat Portland
Cement
(IS: 12600)
Tricalcium aluminate
(C3A) is seen in small
amounts (5%).
a greater portion (46%)
of silicate (C2S)
declaiming.
Large raft slabs, wind
turbine plinths, & dam
footing construction.
Chemical plant building
also makes use of it.
Blast Furnace Cement
(IS: 455-1976)
calcium-alumina-silicates,
aluminosilicates, and
silicates
Seawater construction.
Rapid Hardening Cement
(IS: 8041)
Tricalcium Silicate (C3S)
60 percent,
C2S, 15% dicalcium
silicate
aluminate tricalcium
(C3A) 10% and
8% of the cement's total
weight is composed of
tetracalcium
aluminoferrite.
Construction of
pavement.
Air Entraining Cement Portland cement
combined with an air-
entraining substance
Temperature setting for
low
High Alumina Cement
(IS: 6452-1972)
Silica 3-8%
Alumina 37-41%
Lime 36-40%
Iron Oxide 9-10%
Titanium 1.5-2%
Magnesium 1%
Insoluble Resides 1%
It is employed in places
like workshops,
foundries, and other hot
environments where
concrete buildings are
present.
Additionally, it is
employed in situations
where acidic and icy
conditions affect the
concrete.
Expansive Cement Expanding agent,
stabilizer, and Portland
cement
used in the construction
of the pre-stressed
concrete element.

8. Additionally, used for
grouting anchor bolts,
sealing joints, and
building other hydraulic
structures.
Colored Cement
(IS: 8042)
Portland cement made
with white or regular
grey and 5–10% of
acceptable colours
Decorative work
Hydrophobic Cement
(IS: 8043- 1991)
Ordinary Portland
cement clinker combined
with compounds that
generate a water-
repellent coating, such as
oleic, boric, and stearic
acids.
Building of water
structures, including
spillways, dams, other
submerged structures,
and tunnels and other
underground structures.
A Summary of Indian Cement Types
Finally, India provides a wide range of cement types to satisfy the various demands
of its construction sector. Each variety has unique qualities that make it appropriate
for specific purposes. OPC continues to be the most widely used cement because of
its adaptability and accessibility, but PPC is rising in popularity because of its better
toughness and sustainability. Specialized varieties like white cement and coloured
cement have arisen in India, giving construction professionals more possibilities.
India's cement business is always innovating and changing, assuring a wide range of
solutions to fulfil the nation's rising infrastructure development demands.
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