This document summarizes a study examining the regeneration of brainstem axons after complete spinal cord transection and transplantation of a Schwann cell bridge. The study found that:
1) Transplanting Schwann cells in an initially fluid Matrigel bridge, which gelled after implantation, promoted more regeneration of brainstem axons across the interface compared to pre-gelled bridges.
2) Regenerating brainstem axons formed synaptophysin+ terminals and contacted dendrites at the caudal interface.
3) Brainstem axon regeneration was associated with astrocyte processes that elongated into the Schwann cell bridge. Electron microscopy revealed axons, Schwann cells, and astrocytes
1) The study characterized host vascularization of transplanted human neural stem cell grafts in porcine spinal cords. Twelve grafts of human neural progenitor cells were transplanted into three pigs' spinal cords.
2) Six weeks after transplantation, the pigs were sacrificed and the grafts were analyzed. Graft survival ranged from 0-65% and inversely correlated with host microvascular density in the grafts. More vascularized grafts had less cell survival.
3) Vessels in the grafts expressed vascular endothelial growth factor and contained proliferating endothelial cells and immune cells, which may impact graft survival. The findings could influence future immunosuppression regimens for cell transplantation.
This document describes a study aiming to induce axonal regeneration in retinal ganglion cells through epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The researcher hypothesized that overexpressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition master regulators in retinal ganglion cells through AAV viruses would cause them to regain the ability to grow axons after injury. The experimental design involved cloning master regulators into AAV2 plasmids, transfecting retinal ganglion cells, performing optic nerve crush surgery, and observing axon regeneration. Preliminary results found that master regulators like Twist induced more axonal regeneration compared to controls, indicating the ability to initiate regeneration in senescent tissue.
This study examines synapse formation between transplanted GABAergic interneurons and newborn dentate granule cells (DGCs) in the hippocampus of mice with temporal lobe epilepsy. The results show that epileptic mice receiving transplants of GABAergic interneurons from the medial ganglionic eminence had fewer seizures than control mice. Newborn DGCs were labeled using retroviruses and showed a range of normal and hyperexcitable morphologies. Confocal microscopy revealed appositions and clusters of synaptic proteins between the dendrites of newborn DGCs and axons of transplanted interneurons, suggesting synapse formation between the cells. Future studies aim to further characterize this synaptic connectivity.
Netrin signaling through DCC modulates retinotectal synaptic connectivity in Xenopus laevis by influencing axon branching and synapse formation in the developing brain. Live imaging of retinal ganglion cell axons expressing GFP-synaptobrevin and DsRed showed that injecting netrin-1 into the tectum increased presynaptic site addition, branch addition and total branch number over 24 hours. In contrast, injecting DCC blocking antibodies prevented the normal increase in presynaptic sites and branch number. Dynamic analysis revealed the antibodies specifically decreased new synapse and branch additions without affecting stability of existing structures, indicating netrin is required for branching and synaptic differentiation through DCC signaling.
Intra_articular injection of synovial mesenchymal stem cells improves cartila...Christina Jablonski
This study found that injecting mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the synovial membrane improved cartilage repair in a mouse cartilage injury model. MSCs from both the healing MRL mouse strain and the non-healing C57BL6 mouse strain promoted increased cartilage repair when injected into injured C57BL6 mice. While MRL MSCs were observed at the injury site 2 weeks after injection, C57BL6 MSCs were not observed. This suggests that synovial MSCs, regardless of mouse strain, can have beneficial effects on cartilage repair when injected into an injured joint.
Mechanical stimulation plays an important role in ligament growth and maintenance, but the optimal stimulation parameters were previously unknown. This study used engineered ligament constructs from human donors to identify stretching parameters that maximize collagen production, as measured by ERK phosphorylation. A statistical model found that stretching at 0.9 Hz, 3% strain, 17%/s rate, and 5 minutes duration optimized ERK phosphorylation. This combination was validated in a second group of constructs. However, response varied between donors, and constructs from clots versus ligaments of one donor differed, highlighting the importance of cell source for engineered tissue phenotype. More research is needed to validate the model across diverse cell populations.
1) Zebrafish have an remarkable ability to regenerate their spinal cord after injury unlike mammals which have limited repair.
2) The study found that Fgf signaling induces zebrafish glial cells to form elongated bridges between the two sides of an injured spinal cord, allowing regenerating axons to cross.
3) Blocking Fgf signaling prevented glial bridge formation and axon regeneration. Mammalian astrocytes activated by Fgf took on a similar elongated morphology as zebrafish glia.
1) The study characterized host vascularization of transplanted human neural stem cell grafts in porcine spinal cords. Twelve grafts of human neural progenitor cells were transplanted into three pigs' spinal cords.
2) Six weeks after transplantation, the pigs were sacrificed and the grafts were analyzed. Graft survival ranged from 0-65% and inversely correlated with host microvascular density in the grafts. More vascularized grafts had less cell survival.
3) Vessels in the grafts expressed vascular endothelial growth factor and contained proliferating endothelial cells and immune cells, which may impact graft survival. The findings could influence future immunosuppression regimens for cell transplantation.
This document describes a study aiming to induce axonal regeneration in retinal ganglion cells through epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The researcher hypothesized that overexpressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition master regulators in retinal ganglion cells through AAV viruses would cause them to regain the ability to grow axons after injury. The experimental design involved cloning master regulators into AAV2 plasmids, transfecting retinal ganglion cells, performing optic nerve crush surgery, and observing axon regeneration. Preliminary results found that master regulators like Twist induced more axonal regeneration compared to controls, indicating the ability to initiate regeneration in senescent tissue.
This study examines synapse formation between transplanted GABAergic interneurons and newborn dentate granule cells (DGCs) in the hippocampus of mice with temporal lobe epilepsy. The results show that epileptic mice receiving transplants of GABAergic interneurons from the medial ganglionic eminence had fewer seizures than control mice. Newborn DGCs were labeled using retroviruses and showed a range of normal and hyperexcitable morphologies. Confocal microscopy revealed appositions and clusters of synaptic proteins between the dendrites of newborn DGCs and axons of transplanted interneurons, suggesting synapse formation between the cells. Future studies aim to further characterize this synaptic connectivity.
Netrin signaling through DCC modulates retinotectal synaptic connectivity in Xenopus laevis by influencing axon branching and synapse formation in the developing brain. Live imaging of retinal ganglion cell axons expressing GFP-synaptobrevin and DsRed showed that injecting netrin-1 into the tectum increased presynaptic site addition, branch addition and total branch number over 24 hours. In contrast, injecting DCC blocking antibodies prevented the normal increase in presynaptic sites and branch number. Dynamic analysis revealed the antibodies specifically decreased new synapse and branch additions without affecting stability of existing structures, indicating netrin is required for branching and synaptic differentiation through DCC signaling.
Intra_articular injection of synovial mesenchymal stem cells improves cartila...Christina Jablonski
This study found that injecting mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the synovial membrane improved cartilage repair in a mouse cartilage injury model. MSCs from both the healing MRL mouse strain and the non-healing C57BL6 mouse strain promoted increased cartilage repair when injected into injured C57BL6 mice. While MRL MSCs were observed at the injury site 2 weeks after injection, C57BL6 MSCs were not observed. This suggests that synovial MSCs, regardless of mouse strain, can have beneficial effects on cartilage repair when injected into an injured joint.
Mechanical stimulation plays an important role in ligament growth and maintenance, but the optimal stimulation parameters were previously unknown. This study used engineered ligament constructs from human donors to identify stretching parameters that maximize collagen production, as measured by ERK phosphorylation. A statistical model found that stretching at 0.9 Hz, 3% strain, 17%/s rate, and 5 minutes duration optimized ERK phosphorylation. This combination was validated in a second group of constructs. However, response varied between donors, and constructs from clots versus ligaments of one donor differed, highlighting the importance of cell source for engineered tissue phenotype. More research is needed to validate the model across diverse cell populations.
1) Zebrafish have an remarkable ability to regenerate their spinal cord after injury unlike mammals which have limited repair.
2) The study found that Fgf signaling induces zebrafish glial cells to form elongated bridges between the two sides of an injured spinal cord, allowing regenerating axons to cross.
3) Blocking Fgf signaling prevented glial bridge formation and axon regeneration. Mammalian astrocytes activated by Fgf took on a similar elongated morphology as zebrafish glia.
1) The document examines how stabilizing ryanodine receptors after traumatic brain injury can reduce tau pathology and prevent progression to Alzheimer's disease in mouse models.
2) Tests on Alzheimer's disease mice and healthy controls found that traumatic brain injury increased tau deposits and plaque propagation, with more severe effects in AD mice.
3) Treatment with ryanodine receptor stabilizers like dantrolene after injury significantly reduced tau pathology and plaque loads, showing potential for preventing long-term cognitive deficits and conversion to Alzheimer's disease.
This document summarizes Professor M. Dominik Fischer's presentation on gene therapy and genome editing for retinitis pigmentosa. It provides background on retinitis pigmentosa and how it affects approximately 200,000 people in the EU. It discusses current gene therapy clinical trials targeting conditions like choroideremia and retinitis pigmentosa. It also outlines the concept of CRISPR/Cas gene editing and challenges with applying it to retinal tissue, as well as potential future applications of gene therapy and editing to treat additional forms of inherited retinal diseases.
This study investigated cellular and molecular factors influencing axonal degeneration in neonatal mice. In part 1, ex-vivo sciatic nerves from wild type mice ages P9-P22 were examined and found that older mice (P22) had significantly more axonal fragmentation than younger mice (P9) after 72 hours. Part 2 analyzed protein expression of ROCK2, Prp, and SMN in brachial plexus nerves and found their levels changed as the mice aged. Part 3 discovered no significant difference in axonal degeneration between SMN deficient and control mice models at 72 hours. Overall, the study provided evidence that age-dependent axonal vulnerability exists in peripheral nerves and certain proteins' expression levels fluctuate
1. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the DMD gene that result in lack of dystrophin protein. Current treatments can only manage symptoms but do not cure the underlying issue.
2. Gene therapy and genome editing approaches aim to directly address the genetic cause of DMD. Exon skipping uses oligonucleotides to skip mutated exons and allow production of a truncated but functional dystrophin protein.
3. Studies in 2016 demonstrated that CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing can precisely remove mutated exons in the DMD gene of mouse models, restoring dystrophin expression and improving muscle function. This provides proof-of-concept for a potential
Kit Regulates HSC Engraftment across the Human-Mouse Species BarrierCarola Schäfer
This summary provides the key points from the document in 3 sentences:
Mutant mouse models containing a loss-of-function Kit mutation were developed to improve models for human hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation analysis. These Kit mutant mice enabled robust, uniform, and sustained engraftment of human HSCs in adult mice without irradiation conditioning. Using this new model, the document shows that differential KIT expression identifies two functionally distinct subpopulations of human HSCs, demonstrating the potential of this approach for furthering human HSC research.
Swansea University (October-2020): Challenges of using GWAS in bacteriaBen Pascoe
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) can help identify genetic factors associated with phenotypes in bacteria, but they face challenges due to differences from human GWAS. These include smaller bacterial genomes, clonal reproduction, and population structure effects. Early bacterial GWAS had limitations but new methods account for population structure and accessory genome differences. GWAS in Campylobacter have identified genes associated with host specificity, survival through poultry processing, biofilm formation, and oxygen tolerance. Results can be applied to vaccine design and predicting virulence. Larger datasets are needed but GWAS continue to provide insights into bacterial traits and opportunities for functional validation.
This study assessed the use of an engineered periosteum consisting of chitosan nanofibers, luciferase-expressing adipose-derived stem cells (Luc-ASCs), FGF-2, and TGF-β1 coated on mouse femur bone allografts implanted into a critical bone defect. The engineered periosteum delivered Luc-ASCs and growth factors to the defect site. While statistical analysis found no difference in new bone formation between groups, treatments including Luc-ASCs showed 24% more new bone formation than uncoated controls. This suggests a polysaccharide-based engineered periosteum may be a feasible approach to improve bone allograft healing.
Considerations for Rigorous Pre-clinical Studies in Murine Muscular DystrophyInsideScientific
The document discusses key considerations for rigorous preclinical studies using murine models of muscular dystrophy (MD). It outlines important animal model characteristics like genetic basis and phenotype progression matching the human disease. The mdx mouse is presented as the most studied model of Duchenne MD, with its limitations discussed. Other MD models mentioned include LGMD2B and congenital MD models. The importance of assay selection is covered, including muscle force assessments and how variants can enhance MD pathology in mice. Overall, the document stresses optimizing preclinical studies by considering an MD model's disease severity and progression to best inform translational applications.
This study examined the effects of AG1478, a Schwann cell inhibitor, on zebrafish caudal fin regeneration. The researchers found that:
1) Zebrafish treated with AG1478 showed significantly reduced caudal fin regrowth compared to controls over 5 days following amputation.
2) Despite decreased regrowth, AG1478-treated zebrafish tended to have more peripheral axons in the new fin tissue than controls.
3) AG1478 treatment did not affect the number of Agr2+ gland cells present in the fin.
This suggests fin regeneration is dependent on a neural factor other than the number of peripheral axons. Future work will examine AG1478's effects on Schw
1) Cela1 protein levels increase 176-fold during lung development from embryonic day 15.5 through 8 weeks postnatal.
2) After pneumonectomy, Cela1 mRNA increases 6-fold, protein increases 3-fold, and Cela1-positive cells increase 2-fold, indicating Cela1 is involved in compensatory lung growth.
3) Cela1 is expressed predominantly in alveolar type II cells during embryonic lung development and predominantly in CD90-positive fibroblasts in the postnatal lung.
Chemical biology approaches for predicting human drug and chemical safety. Presentation for Thompson Hall Science and Mathematics Seminar Series at the University of Puget Sound, February 12, 2015, Tacoma, WA. Ellen Berg.
Kouvaros S. et al (2015). Hippocampal sharp waves and ripples. Effects of agi...Stylianos Kouvaros
1) The study found that aging in rats is accompanied by changes in hippocampal sharp wave ripple activity, including a lower frequency of ripples and a higher tendency to generate long sequences of sharp wave ripple events in aged hippocampal slices.
2) Blocking NMDA receptors increased the amplitude and interval between sharp wave ripple events in both adult and aged slices, but reduced the probability of sequences more in adult slices. Blocking L-type calcium channels only increased amplitudes in adult slices.
3) Aged slices showed alterations in complex spike cell firing, including more spikes and longer intervals per burst, which may underlie changes in ripple activity with aging.
Kouvaros S and Papatheodoropoulos C, (2016). Major dorsoventral differences i...Stylianos Kouvaros
1) The study examines differences in modulation of the local hippocampal CA1 network between the dorsal and ventral hippocampus by NMDA, mGlu5, adenosine A2A, and cannabinoid CB1 receptors.
2) Activation of NMDA receptors reduced excitatory transmission more in the ventral hippocampus than in the dorsal hippocampus by an adenosine A1 receptor-independent mechanism. In the dorsal hippocampus, NMDA receptors reduced inhibition and enhanced postsynaptic excitability.
3) Co-activation of mGlu5 and NMDA receptors strongly potentiated their effects in the dorsal hippocampus but had no potentiating effect in the ventral hippocampus. This potentiation in the dorsal hippocampus required adenos
Rotator cuff repair using a stem cell approachZakary Bondy
This presentation communicates current methods for rotator cuff repair mainly focusing on mesenchymal and tendon-derived stem cells. It looks to expand on future research in this field by communicating a future experiment to expand on current knowledge of tendon-derived stem cells.
One of the most worrying applications of molecular
technology in sport is the gene doping, which is an outgrowth
of gene therapy. In gene therapy, the missing or out- functioned
gene or gene fragment is replaced with the functioning one, by
the help of transfectionable devices such as viruses. In gene
doping, the interested region is mostly the genetic material
for enhancing athletic capacity.
Caspase activation contributes to astrogliosis without inducing apoptosis in astrocytes. The study found that treating cultured neonatal rat astrocytes with dibutryl cAMP or beta-amyloid peptide, stimuli known to induce astrogliosis, led to increased caspase activity and expression of active caspase-3 without cell death. Inhibition of caspases attenuated the increased expression of glutamine synthetase and fibroblast growth factor-2, markers of astrogliosis. The results suggest caspases play a non-apoptotic role in regulating astrogliosis in astrocytes following brain injury.
Edgardo J. Arroyo is an Associate Research Scientist at Yale University School of Medicine who has extensive experience researching various aspects of myelin formation, degradation, and regeneration in the central and peripheral nervous systems. His research has focused on elucidating the cellular mechanisms and microanatomy of neuron-glial interactions using techniques such as immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, and biochemistry. He has studied topics such as the effects of spinal cord injury, stem cell transplantation, sodium channel expression after nerve damage, and how demyelination affects the molecular organization of nodes of Ranvier.
Achilles is a circadian clock controlled gene that regulates immune function ...Edith Csiki-Fejér
This document summarizes research identifying a novel clock-controlled gene in Drosophila melanogaster called Achilles (Achl) that regulates the fly's immune system. The researchers found that Achl is rhythmically expressed at the mRNA level in the fly brain and acts to repress expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in the immune system. Knocking down Achl expression in fly neurons dramatically increased expression of immune response genes and made the flies more resistant to bacterial infection. However, this also reduced the flies' lifespans, indicating a cost to constantly activating the immune pathway. The findings demonstrate that Achl is a circadian clock-regulated gene that helps control the immune response in flies.
Este documento habla brevemente sobre la corrupción en el estado español durante marzo de 2016. No proporciona detalles sobre eventos o casos específicos de corrupción, sino que solo menciona el tema de la corrupción en el gobierno español en ese mes y año.
La corrupción es un problema grave en España que socava la democracia y la confianza pública. Se necesitan leyes más estrictas con penas de cárcel para los corruptos y medidas para prevenir el fraude y el mal uso de fondos públicos.
1) The document examines how stabilizing ryanodine receptors after traumatic brain injury can reduce tau pathology and prevent progression to Alzheimer's disease in mouse models.
2) Tests on Alzheimer's disease mice and healthy controls found that traumatic brain injury increased tau deposits and plaque propagation, with more severe effects in AD mice.
3) Treatment with ryanodine receptor stabilizers like dantrolene after injury significantly reduced tau pathology and plaque loads, showing potential for preventing long-term cognitive deficits and conversion to Alzheimer's disease.
This document summarizes Professor M. Dominik Fischer's presentation on gene therapy and genome editing for retinitis pigmentosa. It provides background on retinitis pigmentosa and how it affects approximately 200,000 people in the EU. It discusses current gene therapy clinical trials targeting conditions like choroideremia and retinitis pigmentosa. It also outlines the concept of CRISPR/Cas gene editing and challenges with applying it to retinal tissue, as well as potential future applications of gene therapy and editing to treat additional forms of inherited retinal diseases.
This study investigated cellular and molecular factors influencing axonal degeneration in neonatal mice. In part 1, ex-vivo sciatic nerves from wild type mice ages P9-P22 were examined and found that older mice (P22) had significantly more axonal fragmentation than younger mice (P9) after 72 hours. Part 2 analyzed protein expression of ROCK2, Prp, and SMN in brachial plexus nerves and found their levels changed as the mice aged. Part 3 discovered no significant difference in axonal degeneration between SMN deficient and control mice models at 72 hours. Overall, the study provided evidence that age-dependent axonal vulnerability exists in peripheral nerves and certain proteins' expression levels fluctuate
1. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the DMD gene that result in lack of dystrophin protein. Current treatments can only manage symptoms but do not cure the underlying issue.
2. Gene therapy and genome editing approaches aim to directly address the genetic cause of DMD. Exon skipping uses oligonucleotides to skip mutated exons and allow production of a truncated but functional dystrophin protein.
3. Studies in 2016 demonstrated that CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing can precisely remove mutated exons in the DMD gene of mouse models, restoring dystrophin expression and improving muscle function. This provides proof-of-concept for a potential
Kit Regulates HSC Engraftment across the Human-Mouse Species BarrierCarola Schäfer
This summary provides the key points from the document in 3 sentences:
Mutant mouse models containing a loss-of-function Kit mutation were developed to improve models for human hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation analysis. These Kit mutant mice enabled robust, uniform, and sustained engraftment of human HSCs in adult mice without irradiation conditioning. Using this new model, the document shows that differential KIT expression identifies two functionally distinct subpopulations of human HSCs, demonstrating the potential of this approach for furthering human HSC research.
Swansea University (October-2020): Challenges of using GWAS in bacteriaBen Pascoe
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) can help identify genetic factors associated with phenotypes in bacteria, but they face challenges due to differences from human GWAS. These include smaller bacterial genomes, clonal reproduction, and population structure effects. Early bacterial GWAS had limitations but new methods account for population structure and accessory genome differences. GWAS in Campylobacter have identified genes associated with host specificity, survival through poultry processing, biofilm formation, and oxygen tolerance. Results can be applied to vaccine design and predicting virulence. Larger datasets are needed but GWAS continue to provide insights into bacterial traits and opportunities for functional validation.
This study assessed the use of an engineered periosteum consisting of chitosan nanofibers, luciferase-expressing adipose-derived stem cells (Luc-ASCs), FGF-2, and TGF-β1 coated on mouse femur bone allografts implanted into a critical bone defect. The engineered periosteum delivered Luc-ASCs and growth factors to the defect site. While statistical analysis found no difference in new bone formation between groups, treatments including Luc-ASCs showed 24% more new bone formation than uncoated controls. This suggests a polysaccharide-based engineered periosteum may be a feasible approach to improve bone allograft healing.
Considerations for Rigorous Pre-clinical Studies in Murine Muscular DystrophyInsideScientific
The document discusses key considerations for rigorous preclinical studies using murine models of muscular dystrophy (MD). It outlines important animal model characteristics like genetic basis and phenotype progression matching the human disease. The mdx mouse is presented as the most studied model of Duchenne MD, with its limitations discussed. Other MD models mentioned include LGMD2B and congenital MD models. The importance of assay selection is covered, including muscle force assessments and how variants can enhance MD pathology in mice. Overall, the document stresses optimizing preclinical studies by considering an MD model's disease severity and progression to best inform translational applications.
This study examined the effects of AG1478, a Schwann cell inhibitor, on zebrafish caudal fin regeneration. The researchers found that:
1) Zebrafish treated with AG1478 showed significantly reduced caudal fin regrowth compared to controls over 5 days following amputation.
2) Despite decreased regrowth, AG1478-treated zebrafish tended to have more peripheral axons in the new fin tissue than controls.
3) AG1478 treatment did not affect the number of Agr2+ gland cells present in the fin.
This suggests fin regeneration is dependent on a neural factor other than the number of peripheral axons. Future work will examine AG1478's effects on Schw
1) Cela1 protein levels increase 176-fold during lung development from embryonic day 15.5 through 8 weeks postnatal.
2) After pneumonectomy, Cela1 mRNA increases 6-fold, protein increases 3-fold, and Cela1-positive cells increase 2-fold, indicating Cela1 is involved in compensatory lung growth.
3) Cela1 is expressed predominantly in alveolar type II cells during embryonic lung development and predominantly in CD90-positive fibroblasts in the postnatal lung.
Chemical biology approaches for predicting human drug and chemical safety. Presentation for Thompson Hall Science and Mathematics Seminar Series at the University of Puget Sound, February 12, 2015, Tacoma, WA. Ellen Berg.
Kouvaros S. et al (2015). Hippocampal sharp waves and ripples. Effects of agi...Stylianos Kouvaros
1) The study found that aging in rats is accompanied by changes in hippocampal sharp wave ripple activity, including a lower frequency of ripples and a higher tendency to generate long sequences of sharp wave ripple events in aged hippocampal slices.
2) Blocking NMDA receptors increased the amplitude and interval between sharp wave ripple events in both adult and aged slices, but reduced the probability of sequences more in adult slices. Blocking L-type calcium channels only increased amplitudes in adult slices.
3) Aged slices showed alterations in complex spike cell firing, including more spikes and longer intervals per burst, which may underlie changes in ripple activity with aging.
Kouvaros S and Papatheodoropoulos C, (2016). Major dorsoventral differences i...Stylianos Kouvaros
1) The study examines differences in modulation of the local hippocampal CA1 network between the dorsal and ventral hippocampus by NMDA, mGlu5, adenosine A2A, and cannabinoid CB1 receptors.
2) Activation of NMDA receptors reduced excitatory transmission more in the ventral hippocampus than in the dorsal hippocampus by an adenosine A1 receptor-independent mechanism. In the dorsal hippocampus, NMDA receptors reduced inhibition and enhanced postsynaptic excitability.
3) Co-activation of mGlu5 and NMDA receptors strongly potentiated their effects in the dorsal hippocampus but had no potentiating effect in the ventral hippocampus. This potentiation in the dorsal hippocampus required adenos
Rotator cuff repair using a stem cell approachZakary Bondy
This presentation communicates current methods for rotator cuff repair mainly focusing on mesenchymal and tendon-derived stem cells. It looks to expand on future research in this field by communicating a future experiment to expand on current knowledge of tendon-derived stem cells.
One of the most worrying applications of molecular
technology in sport is the gene doping, which is an outgrowth
of gene therapy. In gene therapy, the missing or out- functioned
gene or gene fragment is replaced with the functioning one, by
the help of transfectionable devices such as viruses. In gene
doping, the interested region is mostly the genetic material
for enhancing athletic capacity.
Caspase activation contributes to astrogliosis without inducing apoptosis in astrocytes. The study found that treating cultured neonatal rat astrocytes with dibutryl cAMP or beta-amyloid peptide, stimuli known to induce astrogliosis, led to increased caspase activity and expression of active caspase-3 without cell death. Inhibition of caspases attenuated the increased expression of glutamine synthetase and fibroblast growth factor-2, markers of astrogliosis. The results suggest caspases play a non-apoptotic role in regulating astrogliosis in astrocytes following brain injury.
Edgardo J. Arroyo is an Associate Research Scientist at Yale University School of Medicine who has extensive experience researching various aspects of myelin formation, degradation, and regeneration in the central and peripheral nervous systems. His research has focused on elucidating the cellular mechanisms and microanatomy of neuron-glial interactions using techniques such as immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, and biochemistry. He has studied topics such as the effects of spinal cord injury, stem cell transplantation, sodium channel expression after nerve damage, and how demyelination affects the molecular organization of nodes of Ranvier.
Achilles is a circadian clock controlled gene that regulates immune function ...Edith Csiki-Fejér
This document summarizes research identifying a novel clock-controlled gene in Drosophila melanogaster called Achilles (Achl) that regulates the fly's immune system. The researchers found that Achl is rhythmically expressed at the mRNA level in the fly brain and acts to repress expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in the immune system. Knocking down Achl expression in fly neurons dramatically increased expression of immune response genes and made the flies more resistant to bacterial infection. However, this also reduced the flies' lifespans, indicating a cost to constantly activating the immune pathway. The findings demonstrate that Achl is a circadian clock-regulated gene that helps control the immune response in flies.
Este documento habla brevemente sobre la corrupción en el estado español durante marzo de 2016. No proporciona detalles sobre eventos o casos específicos de corrupción, sino que solo menciona el tema de la corrupción en el gobierno español en ese mes y año.
La corrupción es un problema grave en España que socava la democracia y la confianza pública. Se necesitan leyes más estrictas con penas de cárcel para los corruptos y medidas para prevenir el fraude y el mal uso de fondos públicos.
1) Students will model animal and plant cells using various candy items submerged in a jelly solution inside a ziplock bag.
2) The jelly will harden overnight in the fridge to form the cell models with candy representing different cell components like the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.
3) The models provide a creative way for students to learn about the structures and differences between animal and plant cells.
These 4-bit magnitude comparators compare 4-bit binary or BCD codes between two words, A and B. They output three decisions - whether A is less than, equal to, or greater than B. They can be cascaded to compare words of any length. The comparators have a propagation delay of 24 ns for 4-bit comparisons and provide fully decoded outputs.
High Speed: 1,960 units/second
High Accurate: within 1 um
Highly Sophisticate & Patented Lighting System
Robot & Innovative Lens Cluster
Multi Colored Camera Systems
Multiple Computers
Patents & Proprietary Algorithm
Automated Productivity Report
Connect Global Sites
Currículo referência da rede estadual de educação de goiás!Elismar Nazario
Este documento apresenta um currículo referência para a rede estadual de educação de Goiás, com o objetivo de melhorar a qualidade da educação e garantir um futuro melhor para os estudantes. Ele foi elaborado por representantes de diferentes componentes curriculares e especialistas da Secretaria de Educação de Goiás.
El estado de la corrupción que trasciende a los medios de comunicación. La corrupción que se ve y oye. No la que se huele o pasa al olfato del pueblo.
La psicología del corrupto puede llegar moralmente hasta la abyección y el vilcanallismo.
This document discusses the Canadian Beef Brand's strategy to build brand loyalty and position Canadian beef globally as a premium brand. The strategy focuses on telling the story of Canadian beef through brand pillars that emphasize the producers, the high quality product, sustainability practices, and world-class standards. Canada Beef will work with partners and leverage resources to communicate these brand pillars and proofs to consumers to increase demand and trust in the Canadian beef brand. The overall goal is to make Canadian beef a sought-after brand valued for more than just quality.
This study evaluated a novel immunoisolating membrane system for transplanting rat pancreatic islets (xenografts) into diabetic minipigs without immunosuppressive therapy. Rat islets were encapsulated in alginate and placed in a macrochamber covered by a poly-membrane. The chamber had a gas system to supply oxygen to the islets. Diabetic minipigs received the transplants and were monitored for up to 90 days. The rat islets functioned persistently and restored normoglycemia in the minipigs without immunosuppressants, demonstrating the potential of this system for treating diabetes with xenogeneic islet transplantation without drug-based immunosuppression.
Non-Viral Φc31 Integrase Mediated In Vivo Gene Delivery to the Adult Murine Kidney by Daniel C Chung, Matthew C Canver, Xiaofeng Zuo and Jean Bennett and Joshua H Lipschutz* in Experimental Techniques in Urology & Nephrology
Administration of Autologous Bone Marrow Stem Cells Into Spinal Cord Injury P...◂ Justin (M) Gaines ▸
This document summarizes a study that administered autologous bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) via multiple routes (directly into the spinal cord, directly into the spinal canal, and intravenous) to 8 spinal cord injury patients. The study found that administering BMSCs via multiple routes was safe and improved patients' quality of life based on evaluations using scales like ASIA, Barthel, Frankel, and a new bladder function scale. To date, administering BMSCs to 52 spinal cord injury patients has had no cases of tumor formation, infection, or increased pain and few minor adverse events.
Myogenic differentiation requires to be exactly explored for the effective treatment of fracture. The speed of healing is affected by skeletal muscle, linked to activation of specific myogenic transcription factors during the repair process. In previous study, we discovered that psoralen enhanced differentiation of osteoblast in primary mouse. In the current study, we show that psoralen stimulates myogenic differentiation through the secretion of factors to hone the quality of repair in fractured mice. 3-month old mice were treated with corn oil or psoralen followed by a tibial fracture surgery. Fractures were tested 7, 14, and 21 days respectively later by histology and images observation. Skeletal muscles including soleus muscle and posterior tibial muscle around the damaged bone were collected for quantitative real-time PCR, HE staining, as well as western blot. Daily treatment with psoralen at seven, fourteen days or twenty-one days improves protein or mRNA levels responsible for the whole myogenic differentiation process, makes the muscle fibers more tightly aligned, and promotes callus formation and development. This data shows that high levels of myogenic transcription factors in the process of fracture healing in mice foster the repair of damaged muscles, and indicates a pharmacological approach that targets myogenic differentiation to improve fracture repair. This also reflects the academic thought of "paying equal attention to both muscles and bones" in the prevention and treatment of fracture healing.
Myogenic differentiation requires to be exactly explored for the effective treatment of fracture. The speed of healing is affected by skeletal muscle, linked to activation of specific myogenic transcription factors during the repair process. In previous study, we discovered that psoralen enhanced differentiation of osteoblast in primary mouse. In the current study, we show that psoralen stimulates myogenic differentiation through the secretion of factors to hone the quality of repair in fractured mice. 3-month old mice were treated with corn oil or psoralen followed by a tibial fracture surgery. Fractures were tested 7, 14, and 21 days respectively later by histology and images observation. Skeletal muscles including soleus muscle and posterior tibial muscle around the damaged bone were collected for quantitative real-time PCR, HE staining, as well as western blot. Daily treatment with psoralen at seven, fourteen days or twenty-one days improves protein or mRNA levels responsible for the whole myogenic differentiation process, makes the muscle fibers more tightly aligned, and promotes callus formation and development. This data shows that high levels of myogenic transcription factors in the process of fracture healing in mice foster the repair of damaged muscles, and indicates a pharmacological approach that targets myogenic differentiation to improve fracture repair. This also reflects the academic thought of "paying equal attention to both muscles and bones" in the prevention and treatment of fracture healing.
LncRNA WARS2-IT1 Functions as an Oncogene and is Associated with Poor Outcome...semualkaira
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common malignant brain tumors in adults and has high mortality and relapse rates. Over the past few years, great advances have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of GBM, but unfortunately, the five-year overall survival rate of GBM patients is approximately 5.1%. Our study aimed to investigate the new mechanism of Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) WARS2-IT1 regulate the malignant progression of Glioblastoma.
LncRNA WARS2-IT1 Functions as an Oncogene and is Associated with Poor Outcome...semualkaira
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common malignant brain tumors in adults and has high mortality and relapse rates. Over the past few years, great advances have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of GBM, but unfortunately, the five-year overall survival rate of GBM patients is approximately 5.1%. Our study aimed to investigate the new mechanism of Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) WARS2-IT1 regulate the malignant progression of Glioblastoma.
LncRNA WARS2-IT1 Functions as an Oncogene and is Associated with Poor Outcome...semualkaira
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common malignant brain tumors in adults and has high mortality and relapse rates. Over the past few years, great advances have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of GBM, but unfortunately, the five-year overall survival rate of GBM patients is approximately 5.1%. Our study aimed to investigate the new mechanism of Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) WARS2-IT1 regulate the malignant progression of Glioblastoma.
Part 2 Of 2 Comment/Reply on ACT/Ocata Lancet Report (Oct. 2014)
Reply by, *Steven D Schwartz, Eddy Anglade, Robert Lanza, on behalf of the Ocata
Macular Disease Investigator Group
schwartz@jsei.ucla.edu
Jules Stein Eye Institute Retina Division, and David
Geffen School of Medicine, University of California,
Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA (SDS); and Ocata
Therapeutics Inc, Marlborough, MA, USA (EA, RL)
Source Material: http://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(15)61203-X.pdf
This study investigated using the omentum as an in vivo bioreactor to repopulate decellularized human internal mammary arteries (IMA). Sixteen decellularized IMA scaffolds were implanted in rat omentums for 8 or 12 weeks. Histological analysis found the grafts were completely patent and showed progressive recellularization of smooth muscle cells over the media layer. Staining also showed normal collagen formation and angiogenesis around the grafts. The results suggest this technique shows promise for experimental vascular graft applications, but further studies in larger animals are needed before using in humans.
Functional neurological restoration of amputated peripheral nerve using biohy...BkesNar
The document describes the development of a biohybrid neural interface comprising induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived myocytes grafted onto flexible electrode arrays. The researchers show that this biohybrid device supports long-term survival and functional integration with a rat forearm nerve bundle over 4 weeks of implantation. By improving the tissue-electronics interface with an intermediate iPSC-derived cell layer, they demonstrate enhanced neural signal recording resolution and quality in vivo, representing a step toward restorative neurotechnologies.
The document discusses several studies on the applications and efficacy of hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds and composites for bone tissue engineering. Specifically:
1) A long-term study of 276 dual radius HA-coated acetabular cups found an 11% revision rate after 10 years due to aseptic loosening and osteolysis.
2) HA scaffolds containing varying ratios of collagen supported human osteoblast viability, proliferation, and phenotype maintenance in culture.
3) Scaffolds combining HA microparticles and extracellular matrix derived from osteoblasts or fibroblasts in vitro enhanced bone repair in a rat calvarial defect model.
4) A composite of poly-ε-caprolactone and HA supported mouse
2014 increasing survival study of kidney hek-293 tOscar Moreno
This document summarizes a study that examined the effects of magnetic field stimulation on the growth of Human Embryonic Kidney 293 cells (HEK-293T cells). The cells were exposed to magnetic field vortices at frequencies between 100-2500 Hz and field intensities of 1.13-4.13 mT. A nanofluid containing gadolinium was also added to the cells. Flow cytometry analysis after 72 hours found that cell survival increased by 12.89% in the exposed cells compared to the unexposed control cells. The results suggest that magnetic field stimulation may activate cellular mechanisms that promote increased cell survival. Further experiments are still needed to fully understand the magnetic effects on cell growth.
Efficiency of Stem Cell After Spinal Cord Injury with Clip-Compression_ Crims...Crimsonpublisherssmoaj
Efficiency of Stem Cell After Spinal Cord Injury with Clip-Compression by Tae Hoon Lee* in Crimson Publishers: Surgery Journal Impact Factor
Our experiment grafted mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) to influence behavioral deficiency in rodent animal models of clip compressive surgery inducing spinal cord injury (SCI) of central nervous system. Our research proved the effect of grafted stem cells to the injured spinal cord region, focusing the application of mouse embryonic stem cells for regeneration of spinal cord nervous injury. Therefore, our research suggests manifest results that implantation of mouse embryonic stem cell could show behavioral improvement after severe spinal cord damage.
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Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cages for cervical interbody replacementApollo Hospitals
This study evaluates the efficiency of interbody polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage implantation in 52 consecutive cases related for discogenic cervical disorders with radiculopathy or myelopathy.
1) A microfluidic device was used to separate cardiac cell populations from neonatal rat hearts based on cell size.
2) The device consisted of a middle channel connected to side channels by microsieves. Non-myocytes were enriched in the side channels while myocytes remained in the middle channel due to size-based filtration.
3) Cells from the middle and side channels maintained viability, attached in culture, and expressed markers characteristic of myocytes and non-myocytes, respectively, demonstrating the feasibility of size-based microfluidic separation of cardiac cell types.
Novel Technique Combining Tissue and Mesh Repair for Umbilical Hernia in AdultsKETAN VAGHOLKAR
This document describes a new surgical technique for repairing umbilical hernias in adults that combines tissue repair with mesh reinforcement. The study evaluated 20 adult patients who underwent the novel procedure. Key aspects of the technique include reconstructing the abdominal wall midline using flaps of anterior rectus sheath, placing a mesh over the newly formed midline for reinforcement, and approximating surrounding tissues. None of the 20 patients who underwent the procedure developed a hernia recurrence in the follow-up period ranging from 10 to 18 months. The authors conclude that this combined tissue and mesh repair technique provides an effective option for umbilical hernia repair in adults.
This document describes a microfluidic bioreactor system developed to provide controlled spatial and temporal concentration gradients of multiple molecular factors to 3D cultures of human pluripotent stem cells. The bioreactor contains rows of microwells connected by microchannels that generate stable concentration gradients when different factors are flowed through the lateral channels. Human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells were cultured as embryoid bodies in the bioreactor and exposed to gradients of mesoderm-inducing morphogens. Gene expression analysis showed the system could evaluate the initiation of mesodermal induction in a controlled manner. The bioreactor aims to provide a more in vivo-like model for studying stem cell development and differentiation.
This study evaluated the outcome of immediately loading 15 dental implants in 4 patients over a mean follow-up period of 4.8 months. The mean marginal bone loss from implant surgery to immediate loading was 0.03 ± 0.07 mm, and 0.16 ± 0.17 mm after 3 months of continued loading. No implants failed, resulting in a 100% survival rate. The results suggest that immediate loading of dental implants can achieve high success rates of up to 6 months. However, long-term clinical studies with larger sample sizes are still needed.
Similar to Ct 1074 williams-et_al_1382453246153 (20)
Unveiling Paul Haggis Shaping Cinema Through Diversity. .pdfkenid14983
Paul Haggis is undoubtedly a visionary filmmaker whose work has not only shaped cinema but has also pushed boundaries when it comes to diversity and representation within the industry. From his thought-provoking scripts to his engaging directorial style, Haggis has become a prominent figure in the world of film.
Top IPTV UK Providers of A Comprehensive Review.pdfXtreame HDTV
The television landscape in the UK has evolved significantly with the rise of Internet Protocol Television (IPTV). IPTV offers a modern alternative to traditional cable and satellite TV, allowing viewers to stream live TV, on-demand videos, and other multimedia content directly to their devices over the internet. This review provides an in-depth look at the top IPTV UK providers, their features, pricing, and what sets them apart.
The Evolution of the Leonardo DiCaprio Haircut: A Journey Through Style and C...greendigital
Leonardo DiCaprio, a name synonymous with Hollywood stardom and acting excellence. has captivated audiences for decades with his talent and charisma. But, the Leonardo DiCaprio haircut is one aspect of his public persona that has garnered attention. From his early days as a teenage heartthrob to his current status as a seasoned actor and environmental activist. DiCaprio's hairstyles have evolved. reflecting both his personal growth and the changing trends in fashion. This article delves into the many phases of the Leonardo DiCaprio haircut. exploring its significance and impact on pop culture.
At Digidev, we are working to be the leader in interactive streaming platforms of choice by smart device users worldwide.
Our goal is to become the ultimate distribution service of entertainment content. The Digidev application will offer the next generation television highway for users to discover and engage in a variety of content. While also providing a fresh and
innovative approach towards advertainment with vast revenue opportunities. Designed and developed by Joe Q. Bretz
Barbie Movie Review - The Astras.pdffffftheastras43
Barbie Movie Review has gotten brilliant surveys for its fun and creative story. Coordinated by Greta Gerwig, it stars Margot Robbie as Barbie and Ryan Gosling as Insight. Critics adore its perky humor, dynamic visuals, and intelligent take on the notorious doll's world. It's lauded for being engaging for both kids and grown-ups. The Astras profoundly prescribes observing the Barbie Review for a delightful and colorful cinematic involvement.https://theastras.com/hca-member-gradebooks/hca-gradebook-barbie/
Orpah Winfrey Dwayne Johnson: Titans of Influence and Inspirationgreendigital
Introduction
In the realm of entertainment, few names resonate as Orpah Winfrey Dwayne Johnson. Both figures have carved unique paths in the industry. achieving unparalleled success and becoming iconic symbols of perseverance, resilience, and inspiration. This article delves into the lives, careers. and enduring legacies of Orpah Winfrey Dwayne Johnson. exploring how their journeys intersect and what we can learn from their remarkable stories.
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Early Life and Backgrounds
Orpah Winfrey: From Humble Beginnings to Media Mogul
Orpah Winfrey, often known as Oprah due to a misspelling on her birth certificate. was born on January 29, 1954, in Kosciusko, Mississippi. Raised in poverty by her grandmother, Winfrey's early life was marked by hardship and adversity. Despite these challenges. she demonstrated a keen intellect and an early talent for public speaking.
Winfrey's journey to success began with a scholarship to Tennessee State University. where she studied communication. Her first job in media was as a co-anchor for the local evening news in Nashville. This role paved the way for her eventual transition to talk show hosting. where she found her true calling.
Dwayne Johnson: From Wrestling Royalty to Hollywood Superstar
Dwayne Johnson, also known by his ring name "The Rock," was born on May 2, 1972, in Hayward, California. He comes from a family of professional wrestlers, with both his father, Rocky Johnson. and his grandfather, Peter Maivia, being notable figures in the wrestling world. Johnson's early life was spent moving between New Zealand and the United States. experiencing a variety of cultural influences.
Before entering the world of professional wrestling. Johnson had aspirations of becoming a professional football player. He played college football at the University of Miami. where he was part of a national championship team. But, injuries curtailed his football career, leading him to follow in his family's footsteps and enter the wrestling ring.
Career Milestones
Orpah Winfrey: The Queen of All Media
Winfrey's career breakthrough came in 1986 when she launched "The Oprah Winfrey Show." The show became a cultural phenomenon. drawing millions of viewers daily and earning many awards. Winfrey's empathetic and candid interviewing style resonated with audiences. helping her tackle diverse and often challenging topics.
Beyond her talk show, Winfrey expanded her empire to include the creation of Harpo Productions. a multimedia production company. She also launched "O, The Oprah Magazine" and OWN: Oprah Winfrey Network, further solidifying her status as a media mogul.
Dwayne Johnson: From The Ring to The Big Screen
Dwayne Johnson's wrestling career took off in the late 1990s. when he became one of the most charismatic and popular figures in WWE. His larger-than-life persona and catchphrases endeared him to fans. making him a household name. But, Johnson had ambitions beyond the wrestling ring.
In the early 20
Leonardo DiCaprio House: A Journey Through His Extravagant Real Estate Portfoliogreendigital
Introduction
Leonardo DiCaprio, A name synonymous with Hollywood excellence. is not only known for his stellar acting career but also for his impressive real estate investments. The "Leonardo DiCaprio house" is a topic that piques the interest of many. as the Oscar-winning actor has amassed a diverse portfolio of luxurious properties. DiCaprio's homes reflect his varied tastes and commitment to sustainability. from retreats to historic mansions. This article will delve into the fascinating world of Leonardo DiCaprio's real estate. Exploring the details of his most notable residences. and the unique aspects that make them stand out.
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Leonardo DiCaprio House: Malibu Beachfront Retreat
A Prime Location
His Malibu beachfront house is one of the most famous properties in Leonardo DiCaprio's real estate portfolio. Situated in the exclusive Carbon Beach. also known as "Billionaire's Beach," this property boasts stunning ocean views and private beach access. The "Leonardo DiCaprio house" in Malibu is a testament to the actor's love for the sea and his penchant for luxurious living.
Architectural Highlights
The Malibu house features a modern design with clean lines, large windows. and open spaces blending indoor and outdoor living. The expansive deck and patio areas provide ample space for entertaining guests or enjoying a quiet sunset. The house has state-of-the-art amenities. including a gourmet kitchen, a home theatre, and many guest suites.
Sustainable Features
Leonardo DiCaprio is a well-known environmental activist. whose Malibu house reflects his commitment to sustainability. The property incorporates solar panels, energy-efficient appliances, and sustainable building materials. The landscaping around the house is also designed to be water-efficient. featuring drought-resistant plants and intelligent irrigation systems.
Leonardo DiCaprio House: Hollywood Hills Hideaway
Privacy and Seclusion
Another remarkable property in Leonardo DiCaprio's collection is his Hollywood Hills house. This secluded retreat offers privacy and tranquility. making it an ideal escape from the hustle and bustle of Los Angeles. The "Leonardo DiCaprio house" in Hollywood Hills nestled among lush greenery. and offers panoramic views of the city and surrounding landscapes.
Design and Amenities
The Hollywood Hills house is a mid-century modern gem characterized by its sleek design and floor-to-ceiling windows. The open-concept living space is perfect for entertaining. while the cozy bedrooms provide a comfortable retreat. The property also features a swimming pool, and outdoor dining area. and a spacious deck that overlooks the cityscape.
Environmental Initiatives
The Hollywood Hills house incorporates several green features that are in line with DiCaprio's environmental values. The home has solar panels, energy-efficient lighting, and a rainwater harvesting system. Additionally, the landscaping designed to support local wildlife and promote
From Teacher to OnlyFans: Brianna Coppage's Story at 28get joys
At 28, Brianna Coppage left her teaching career to become an OnlyFans content creator. This bold move into digital entrepreneurship allowed her to harness her creativity and build a new identity. Brianna's experience highlights the intersection of technology and personal branding in today's economy.
Modern Radio Frequency Access Control Systems: The Key to Efficiency and SafetyAITIX LLC
Today's fast-paced environment worries companies of all sizes about efficiency and security. Businesses are constantly looking for new and better solutions to solve their problems, whether it's data security or facility access. RFID for access control technologies have revolutionized this.