The Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus railway station in Mumbai is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that represents the meeting of British and traditional Indian architectural styles. Designed by Frederick Stevens and completed in 1888, it uses sandstone, limestone, and Italian marble in the Victorian Gothic revival style, incorporating traditional Indian elements like domes, turrets, and arches. The physical and chemical properties of the stone used - limestone, sandstone, and Italian marble - are described.
Visual design elements and principles describe fundamental ideas about the practice of visual design. Design elements are the basic units of any visual design which forms its structure and convey visual messages.
Principles applied to the elements of design that brings them together into one design.
When the British first made inroads into India, little impact had been, was, or even intended on being made. Structures were mainly reflective of their functions, simple warehouses and a number of rather temporary administration facilities with residences remaining few in number, these kept to the traditional and vernacular. However, as British interests in India expanded, more permanent structures were required to facilitate the infrastructure of the new British Raj- symbols of their new status as the power seat; a sense of permanence and prominence.
Lecture 05: Islamic Architecture in India_Slave DynastyKowshik Roy
This is a class lecture on Islamic Architecture in India. Architecture of Slave Dynasty has covered in this lecture.
Course Title: Architectural Heritage-IV
Architecture Discipline,
Khulna University, Khulna
SECONDARY DATA CASE STUDY: SATOLAS STATION LYON ST. EXUPERY, FRANCE SuruchiSharma58
A Secondary data case study of Lyon St. Exupery Station designed by Ar. Santiago Calatrava. The case study describes the sections of the project, the concourse, the station platforms and the details of the central roofing of the concourse.
This presentation is prepared by Mustakim Lakdawala and Foram Parmar. in this presentation, we have concentrated with heritage and conservation perticular with this case, like present condition, planning, problems, solution, suggestion etc. go through it for detailed knowledge. Thank You
THE SECRETARIAT BUILDING IS ONE OF THE HORIZONTALLY LONGEST BUILDING EVER BUILT WHICH IS USED BY THE GOVT. BODIES. EVER SINCE THE BUILDIG WAS BUILT, IT HAS CHANGED VERY MUCH BECAUSE OF VARIOUS ASPECTS. IF YOU EVER GET A PERMISSION TO VISIT THE SECRETARIAT BUILDING TERRACE, YOU CAN GET A BEAUTIFUL VIEW OF THE THE CAPITOL COMPLEX AS WELL AS THE CHANDIGARH CITY.
Visual design elements and principles describe fundamental ideas about the practice of visual design. Design elements are the basic units of any visual design which forms its structure and convey visual messages.
Principles applied to the elements of design that brings them together into one design.
When the British first made inroads into India, little impact had been, was, or even intended on being made. Structures were mainly reflective of their functions, simple warehouses and a number of rather temporary administration facilities with residences remaining few in number, these kept to the traditional and vernacular. However, as British interests in India expanded, more permanent structures were required to facilitate the infrastructure of the new British Raj- symbols of their new status as the power seat; a sense of permanence and prominence.
Lecture 05: Islamic Architecture in India_Slave DynastyKowshik Roy
This is a class lecture on Islamic Architecture in India. Architecture of Slave Dynasty has covered in this lecture.
Course Title: Architectural Heritage-IV
Architecture Discipline,
Khulna University, Khulna
SECONDARY DATA CASE STUDY: SATOLAS STATION LYON ST. EXUPERY, FRANCE SuruchiSharma58
A Secondary data case study of Lyon St. Exupery Station designed by Ar. Santiago Calatrava. The case study describes the sections of the project, the concourse, the station platforms and the details of the central roofing of the concourse.
This presentation is prepared by Mustakim Lakdawala and Foram Parmar. in this presentation, we have concentrated with heritage and conservation perticular with this case, like present condition, planning, problems, solution, suggestion etc. go through it for detailed knowledge. Thank You
THE SECRETARIAT BUILDING IS ONE OF THE HORIZONTALLY LONGEST BUILDING EVER BUILT WHICH IS USED BY THE GOVT. BODIES. EVER SINCE THE BUILDIG WAS BUILT, IT HAS CHANGED VERY MUCH BECAUSE OF VARIOUS ASPECTS. IF YOU EVER GET A PERMISSION TO VISIT THE SECRETARIAT BUILDING TERRACE, YOU CAN GET A BEAUTIFUL VIEW OF THE THE CAPITOL COMPLEX AS WELL AS THE CHANDIGARH CITY.
Lecture 04: Islamic Architecture in India_Slave DynastyKowshik Roy
This is a class lecture on Islamic Architecture in India. Architecture of Slave Dynasty has covered in this lecture.
Course Title: Architectural Heritage-IV
Architecture Discipline,
Khulna University, Khulna
anant raje, architect, indian architect, design, philosophy, concept, works, projects, educational purpose, buildings, pictures, iifm, bda, louis i kahn of india, life, carrer, death, photos
Hindu Architectures rests in the heart of temples. Besides being a place of worship, the temples stand as a witness to the magnificence and splendor of art.
This project on Colonial Architecture in India will help us to :
Develop skills to gather data, investigate different view points and reach to a logical justification.
Appreciate the idea of architecture used by the Britishers.
Understand various features of British Architecture and respect the assimilation of different styles of buildings.
Lecture 04: Islamic Architecture in India_Slave DynastyKowshik Roy
This is a class lecture on Islamic Architecture in India. Architecture of Slave Dynasty has covered in this lecture.
Course Title: Architectural Heritage-IV
Architecture Discipline,
Khulna University, Khulna
anant raje, architect, indian architect, design, philosophy, concept, works, projects, educational purpose, buildings, pictures, iifm, bda, louis i kahn of india, life, carrer, death, photos
Hindu Architectures rests in the heart of temples. Besides being a place of worship, the temples stand as a witness to the magnificence and splendor of art.
This project on Colonial Architecture in India will help us to :
Develop skills to gather data, investigate different view points and reach to a logical justification.
Appreciate the idea of architecture used by the Britishers.
Understand various features of British Architecture and respect the assimilation of different styles of buildings.
Postmodern architecture is a reaction and evolution to the modern architecture that came before it. Not only did designers begin to make use of new innovations, but at the same time they appropriated design elements from the past. Buildings became an eclectic mix of old and new as the old "Form follows function" mantra was forgotten. One of the iconic postmodern examples is the Sony Building in New York City.
As with many cultural movements, some of postmodernism's most pronounced and visible ideas can be seen in architecture. The functional and formalized shapes and spaces of the modernist movement are replaced by aesthetics: form is adopted for its own sake, and new ways of viewing familiar styles and space abound.
Classic examples of modern architecture are the Lever House and the Seagram Building in commercial space, and the architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright or the Bauhaus movement in private or communal spaces.
Transitional examples of postmodern architecture are the Portland Building in Portland, Oregon and the Sony Building in New York City, which borrows elements and references from the past and reintroduces color and symbolism to architecture.
Gothic architecture
General characteristics :
Focus on Verticality
Airy and Bright – Use of large stained glass windows, Rose window.
Ornamentation – Gargoyles, Pinnacle, Intricate carvings, 3 parts –Arcade, Triforium and Clerestorey.
Pointed Arches :
Pointed arches replaced semicircular arches as:-
Focus was on verticality, to create great height.
Strength and stability of pointed arches. Exert less thrust than semi circular arches of same span.
Pointed arches creates a lighter sensation.
Solves geometrical difficulties inherent in ribbed vaults. It is impossible to align the semicircular arches to a common point in rib vaulting. Pointed arches could be leveled easily.
Vaulting system: Rib Vault
Organic metaphor of ribs in a body , which support tissue.
In ribbed vault, not only are the ribs spanning vaulted area traversely but each vaulted bay has diagonal ribs.
In a ribbed vault, the ribs are structural members and the spaces between them are filled with lighter, non structural materials.
Flying Buttress was used in order to avoid outward collapse of arches.
Freestanding brick or stone supports were attached to the exterior walls by an arch or half-arch.
The arches are supported by colossal freestanding piers.
It absorbs and channels the disruptive forces, such as wind and weight, safely to the ground.
These piers were erected with towers without effecting the nave and choir interior.
Pinnacle is an architectural ornament originally forming the cap of a buttress.
The stained glass windows brought in light and visual beauty to the interiors.
Predominantly colors like red and blue was used to represent the religious stories in stained glass windows. Of this the blue symbolizes the heaven and the red represents the blood of Christ.
Rose window is a circular window which is divided into segments by stone mullions and tracery.
A gargoyle is a waterspout, usually carved to resemble an odd or monstrous creature, that protrudes from a structure's wall or roofline.
French Gothic -Notre Dame Cathedral
English Gothic -Westminster Abbey, Hampton Court Palace
Italian Gothic -Doges Palace, Venice, Milan Cathedral
It is a development in POST-MODERNISM that started in late 1980s.
It views architecture in bits and pieces.
It has no visual logic.
Buildings may appear to be made of abstract forms.
The idea was to develop buildings which show how differently from traditional architectural conventions buildings can be built without loosing their utility and still complying with the fundamental laws of physics.
The ideas were borrowed from the French philosopher, Jacques Derrida.
Architects involved –
Zaha Hadid
Bernhard Tschumi
Rem Koolhaas
The term ‘Critical Regionalism’ was first coined by Alexander Tzonis and Liane Lefaivre and later more famously and pretentiously by Kenneth Frampton in “Towards a Critical Regionalism : Six points of an architecture of resistance”
According to Frampton, critical regionalism should adopt modern architecture critically for its universal progressive qualities but at the same time should value responses particular to the context. Emphasis should be on topography, climate, light, tectonic form rather than scenography and the tactile sense rather than the visual.
According to Tzonis and Lefaivre, critical regionalism need not directly draw from the context, rather elements can be stripped of their context and used in strange rather than familiar ways.
Critical regionalism is different from Regionalism which tries to achieve a one-to-one correspondence with vernacular architecture in a conscious way without consciously partaking in the universal.
It is considered a particular form of post-modern response in developing countries, not to be confused with postmodernism as architectural style.
Ar. Richard Rogers, his projects, case study of Richard rogers, case study of Lloyd's building, London, UK, case study of Millennium Dome, London, case study of Centre Pompidou Paris, case study of Inmos Microprocessor Factory, Newport, UK
Fahad Al Tamimi Presents London's Best ArchitectureFahad Al Tamimi
Fahad Al Tamimi presents a selection of some of the best architecture London has to offer. These buildings vary in age and purpose and many are famous all around the world! Upon any visit to London you can easily find all of them and have a look for yourself!
Unleash Your Inner Demon with the "Let's Summon Demons" T-Shirt. Calling all fans of dark humor and edgy fashion! The "Let's Summon Demons" t-shirt is a unique way to express yourself and turn heads.
https://dribbble.com/shots/24253051-Let-s-Summon-Demons-Shirt
White wonder, Work developed by Eva TschoppMansi Shah
White Wonder by Eva Tschopp
A tale about our culture around the use of fertilizers and pesticides visiting small farms around Ahmedabad in Matar and Shilaj.
Hello everyone! I am thrilled to present my latest portfolio on LinkedIn, marking the culmination of my architectural journey thus far. Over the span of five years, I've been fortunate to acquire a wealth of knowledge under the guidance of esteemed professors and industry mentors. From rigorous academic pursuits to practical engagements, each experience has contributed to my growth and refinement as an architecture student. This portfolio not only showcases my projects but also underscores my attention to detail and to innovative architecture as a profession.
Transforming Brand Perception and Boosting Profitabilityaaryangarg12
In today's digital era, the dynamics of brand perception, consumer behavior, and profitability have been profoundly reshaped by the synergy of branding, social media, and website design. This research paper investigates the transformative power of these elements in influencing how individuals perceive brands and products and how this transformation can be harnessed to drive sales and profitability for businesses.
Through an exploration of brand psychology and consumer behavior, this study sheds light on the intricate ways in which effective branding strategies, strategic social media engagement, and user-centric website design contribute to altering consumers' perceptions. We delve into the principles that underlie successful brand transformations, examining how visual identity, messaging, and storytelling can captivate and resonate with target audiences.
Methodologically, this research employs a comprehensive approach, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. Real-world case studies illustrate the impact of branding, social media campaigns, and website redesigns on consumer perception, sales figures, and profitability. We assess the various metrics, including brand awareness, customer engagement, conversion rates, and revenue growth, to measure the effectiveness of these strategies.
The results underscore the pivotal role of cohesive branding, social media influence, and website usability in shaping positive brand perceptions, influencing consumer decisions, and ultimately bolstering sales and profitability. This paper provides actionable insights and strategic recommendations for businesses seeking to leverage branding, social media, and website design as potent tools to enhance their market position and financial success.
Between Filth and Fortune- Urban Cattle Foraging Realities by Devi S Nair, An...Mansi Shah
This study examines cattle rearing in urban and rural settings, focusing on milk production and consumption. By exploring a case in Ahmedabad, it highlights the challenges and processes in dairy farming across different environments, emphasising the need for sustainable practices and the essential role of milk in daily consumption.
Book Formatting: Quality Control Checks for DesignersConfidence Ago
This presentation was made to help designers who work in publishing houses or format books for printing ensure quality.
Quality control is vital to every industry. This is why every department in a company need create a method they use in ensuring quality. This, perhaps, will not only improve the quality of products and bring errors to the barest minimum, but take it to a near perfect finish.
It is beyond a moot point that a good book will somewhat be judged by its cover, but the content of the book remains king. No matter how beautiful the cover, if the quality of writing or presentation is off, that will be a reason for readers not to come back to the book or recommend it.
So, this presentation points designers to some important things that may be missed by an editor that they could eventually discover and call the attention of the editor.
4. Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (CST) is popular railway station and
is a spitting image of Victorian-Gothic style of architecture in India. Located in the
heart of Mumbai, the CST is also a 'World Heritage Site' declared by UNESCO in
2004. Its remarkable stone dome, turrets, pointed arches and eccentric ground plan
are close to traditional Indian palace architecture. It is an outstanding example of
the meeting of two cultures, as British architects worked with Indian craftsmen to
include Indian architectural tradition
• City: Mumbai, Maharashtra
• Designed by: Federick William Stevens
• Engineer: Wilson Bell
• Construction started: May 1878
• Completed: May 1888
• Cost: 1,614,000
• Materials used: Sandstone, limestone, and Italian marble.
5. • Architectural style: Victorian Italianate Gothic revival style and traditional Indian architecture
• Indian architecture: The skyline, turrets, pointed arches and eccentric ground plan recall the
traditional architecture carved in historical monuments.
• Masterpiece sculpted by the students of ‘Sir Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy School of Art’: Wood
carving, tiles, ornamental iron and brass railings, grills for ticket counters and offices,
banisters for the grand staircases and other embellishing works in the terminus building
epitomize the efficient effort of the students belonging to the foretold school of art exposing
the artifacts of 19th century..
• Dome: Its dome is structured as dove-tailed ribs without centering that categorizes it as a
novel achievement of the era.
• Interior of the building: The interior premise of the monument has a series of large rooms with
high ceilings built in C-shape symmetrical on an east-west axis.
• Central dome: The central point of the building is crowned by a high central dome that is
regarded as the focal point. It is octagonal shaped figure carved with a colossal female figure
clutching a torch in right hand pointing to upwards and spoke wheel symbolizing progress.
• Side wings: Enclosing to the courtyard, its side wings opens to the street. Anchored by turrets
at four corners, the wings balance and frame the central dome.
• Statues outside: The idols or sculpture representing commerce, Agriculture, Engineering and
Science illustrating progress are outstanding.
6. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF STONE
USED
LIMESTONE PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
Hardness 3 to 4 on Moh's Scale
Density 2.5 to 2.65 Kg/m3
Compressive Strength 1800 to 2100 Kg/cm2
Water Absorption Less than 1%
Porosity Quite low
Weather Impact Resistant
Color Red,Green,Yellow,Gray,&
White
LIMESTONE CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
Lime (CaO) 38-42%
Silica (SiO2) 20-25%
Alumina (Al2O3) 2-4%
Other Oxides like Na, Mg 1.5 to 2.5%
Loss On Ignition (LOI) 30-32%
7. Limestone
SANDSTONE PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
Color Minor color tonal
variations exist but within
the tolerance limit
Hardness 6 to 7 on Moh's Scale
Density 2.32 to 2.42 Kg/m3
Compressive Strength 365 to 460 Kg/m2
Water Absorption Not more BORDERthan 1.0
%
Modulus of Rupture 197-200 Kg/cm2
Porosity Low to very low.
Weather Impact Resistant
SANDSTONE CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
SiO2 93-94%
Iron (Fe2O3) 1.5%-1.6%
Alumina (Al2O3) 1.4 to 1.5%
Soda (Na2O) & Potash
(Kro)
1.0% to 1.2%
Lime (CaO) 0.8% to 0.9%
Magnesia (MgO) 0.2 to 0.25%
Loss On Ignition (LOI) 1.0% to 1.2%
8. Italian Marble
ITALIAN MARBLE
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Hardness 3 to 4 on Moh's Scale
Density 2.5 to 2.65 Kg/m3
Compressive Strength 1800 to 2100 Kg/cm2
Water Absorption Less than 1%
Porosity Quite low
Weather Impact Resistant
ITALIAN MARBLE
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Lime (CaO) 38-42%
Silica (SiO2) 20-25%
Alumina (Al2O3) 2-4%
Other Oxides like Na,
Mg
1.5 to 2.5%
Loss On Ignition (LOI) 30-32%
