This document provides an introduction to Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) including:
- CSS is used to describe the presentation of documents including sizes, spacing, fonts, colors, and layout.
- CSS separates content from presentation by defining styles in a separate CSS file rather than within HTML tags.
- CSS rules consist of selectors, declarations separated by semicolons, and properties and values separated by colons to style specific elements.
1) The document introduces CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) and discusses how it is used to separate HTML content from presentation through external style sheets, embedded styles, and inline styles.
2) It covers basic CSS syntax including selectors, declarations, properties, and values. Common text-related properties like font, color, size, and alignment are described.
3) The "cascade" of CSS is explained, with browser, user, and author styles having different levels of precedence based on specificity and importance. This determines which styles will apply when conflicts occur.
This document provides an introduction to Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), including what CSS is, how it separates content from presentation, and how to link CSS to HTML documents. It describes CSS syntax, selectors, properties and values. It also covers CSS precedence and inheritance, and different methods for including CSS like embedded, inline and external stylesheets.
This document provides an introduction to Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). It explains that CSS is used to separate a document's content from its presentation or style. CSS defines elements like fonts, colors, spacing and layout. Styles can be applied inline, embedded in <style> tags, or linked via an external CSS file. The document outlines CSS syntax, selectors, and precedence of different styling methods. CSS provides control over text formatting, colors, spacing, and positioning of HTML elements.
Css training tutorial css3 & css4 essentialsQA TrainingHub
Learn CSS - Cascading style Sheets to crate awsome looking for your general html Ui & Create responsive HTML Templates by understanding this css tutorial
This document discusses Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) basics including:
- Separating content from presentation using CSS and HTML documents.
- Configuring styles using inline, embedded, and external style sheets.
- Selecting elements using tag names, classes, IDs, and other selectors.
- Setting properties like colors, fonts, spacing in CSS rules.
- Linking HTML and CSS documents in various ways including using <link> and @import directives.
This is the CSS Tutorial for Beginners that teach the basics of CSS. This tutorial will show the basic structure of a CSS style and will show 3 different methods to apply styles.
This document provides an introduction to Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). It explains that CSS is used to describe the presentation and formatting of HTML documents, separating content from presentation. It describes various CSS concepts like selectors, declarations, properties, values, and the CSS cascade. It also covers linking CSS to HTML through inline, embedded and external stylesheets and provides examples of each.
The document discusses different types of client-side scripts including Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), JavaScript, and Dynamic HTML (DHTML). It explains how CSS can be used to style web pages through internal, external, and inline styling. Common CSS properties for styling backgrounds, text, and other elements are also described.
1) The document introduces CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) and discusses how it is used to separate HTML content from presentation through external style sheets, embedded styles, and inline styles.
2) It covers basic CSS syntax including selectors, declarations, properties, and values. Common text-related properties like font, color, size, and alignment are described.
3) The "cascade" of CSS is explained, with browser, user, and author styles having different levels of precedence based on specificity and importance. This determines which styles will apply when conflicts occur.
This document provides an introduction to Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), including what CSS is, how it separates content from presentation, and how to link CSS to HTML documents. It describes CSS syntax, selectors, properties and values. It also covers CSS precedence and inheritance, and different methods for including CSS like embedded, inline and external stylesheets.
This document provides an introduction to Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). It explains that CSS is used to separate a document's content from its presentation or style. CSS defines elements like fonts, colors, spacing and layout. Styles can be applied inline, embedded in <style> tags, or linked via an external CSS file. The document outlines CSS syntax, selectors, and precedence of different styling methods. CSS provides control over text formatting, colors, spacing, and positioning of HTML elements.
Css training tutorial css3 & css4 essentialsQA TrainingHub
Learn CSS - Cascading style Sheets to crate awsome looking for your general html Ui & Create responsive HTML Templates by understanding this css tutorial
This document discusses Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) basics including:
- Separating content from presentation using CSS and HTML documents.
- Configuring styles using inline, embedded, and external style sheets.
- Selecting elements using tag names, classes, IDs, and other selectors.
- Setting properties like colors, fonts, spacing in CSS rules.
- Linking HTML and CSS documents in various ways including using <link> and @import directives.
This is the CSS Tutorial for Beginners that teach the basics of CSS. This tutorial will show the basic structure of a CSS style and will show 3 different methods to apply styles.
This document provides an introduction to Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). It explains that CSS is used to describe the presentation and formatting of HTML documents, separating content from presentation. It describes various CSS concepts like selectors, declarations, properties, values, and the CSS cascade. It also covers linking CSS to HTML through inline, embedded and external stylesheets and provides examples of each.
The document discusses different types of client-side scripts including Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), JavaScript, and Dynamic HTML (DHTML). It explains how CSS can be used to style web pages through internal, external, and inline styling. Common CSS properties for styling backgrounds, text, and other elements are also described.
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is used to describe the presentation of documents by defining sizes, spacing, fonts, colors, layout, etc. CSS separates presentation from content and improves accessibility and flexibility. CSS rules consist of selectors, declarations separated by semicolons, and properties and values separated by colons. CSS can be applied via inline styles, embedded in the <head> using <style> tags, or linked externally via <link> tags. CSS follows a cascading priority scheme and specificity rules to determine which styles apply to elements.
CSS is used to style and lay out web pages. It separates the presentation of HTML elements from the content. CSS rules consist of selectors that point to HTML elements and declarations that apply styles like colors, fonts, sizes etc. CSS rules cascade from broad to specific. More specific selectors override broader ones. CSS can be applied via external stylesheets, internal stylesheets or inline styles. Pseudo-classes can style elements in special states like hover. Media queries allow responsive designs for different screen sizes.
This document provides an introduction and overview of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). It discusses using CSS to control the appearance of websites by separating content from presentation. It describes various methods for including CSS with HTML, including inline styles, embedded style sheets within <style> tags, and external CSS files linked via <link> tags. Key CSS concepts covered include selectors, the CSS syntax of rules and declarations, and using type, class, ID and other selectors to target specific elements. Maintaining styles in external CSS files is presented as the preferred approach for organization and maintenance.
Web Technology under CSS - Introduction, Advantages, Adding CSS, Browser Compatibility, CSS and Page Layout finally Selectors all are referred with Uttam K. Roy
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) allows styling of HTML elements through properties like fonts, sizes, colors and more, and can be defined internally, inline, or externally in CSS files which are linked to HTML; CSS offers advantages over HTML for styling like easier maintenance and faster page loads; CSS rules are made up of selectors that target elements and declarations which set properties and values to style elements.
The document provides an introduction to CSS (Cascading Style Sheets), explaining what CSS is, how it works, and some basic syntax and concepts. CSS allows separation of document content from document presentation by defining styles that are applied to HTML elements. Styles can be defined internally, in an external CSS file, or inline. The CSS box model is also explained, with the content, padding, border, and margin areas of elements illustrated. Common CSS properties for text formatting are also listed.
The document provides an introduction to CSS including an overview of what CSS is, why it is used, and its basic syntax and structure. CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of structured documents written in HTML or XML. It allows separation of document content from document presentation and formatting. CSS saves development time, makes pages load faster, and allows easier page maintenance.
1) The document provides resources for a front-end development session including working files, slides, and an agenda.
2) It reviews HTML tags, CSS selectors, the box model, positioning, and Flexbox.
3) Instructions are given to install Atom plugins and review JavaScript and JQuery before adding an Express server to a webpage.
Girl Develop It Cincinnati: Intro to HTML/CSS Class 2Erin M. Kidwell
The document provides instructions for downloading Aptana Studio and provides a brandery airport code. It includes the following information:
1. It instructs readers to download Aptana Studio from the provided URL if they have not already done so.
2. It provides a brandery airport code of "brandery123".
3. The document does not contain any other information.
Cascading Styling Sheets(CSS) simple design language intended to transform th...JebaRaj26
1.Inline CSS
2. Internal
3.External
Inline CSS: Inline CSS contains the CSS property in the body section attached to the element is known as inline CSS. This kind of style is specified within an HTML tag using the style attribute.
<html>
<head>
<title>Inline CSS</title>
</head>
<body>
<p style="color:#009900; font-size:50px;
font-style:italic; text-align:center;">
Nesamony Memorial Christian College
</p>
</body>
</html>
Internal or Embedded CSS: This can be used when a single HTML document must be styled uniquely. The CSS rule set should be within the HTML file in the head section i.e. the CSS is embedded within the <style> tag inside the head section of the HTML file.
<html>
<head>
<title>Internal CSS</title>
<style>
.main {
text-align: center;
}
.mca {
color: #009900;
font-size: 50px;
font-weight: bold;
}
.nmcc {
font-style: bold;
font-size: 20px;
}
</style>
</head>
External CSS: External CSS contains separate CSS files that contain only style properties with the help of tag attributes (For example class, id, heading, … etc).
CSS property is written in a separate file with a .css extension and should be linked to the HTML document using a link tag. It means that, for each element, style can be set only once and will be applied across web pages.
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="geeks.css" />
</head>
<body>
<div class="main">
<div class=“mca">Department of Computer Science & Applications</div>
<div id=“nmcc">
Basics of Web Design
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
This document provides an introduction and overview of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). It defines CSS as used to format and style web pages, describes the advantages of using CSS including simplifying design changes and creating style sheets for different audiences. It then explains the basic syntax of CSS using examples and describes the three types of CSS styles: internal, inline, and external styles. Finally, it outlines different CSS selectors including element, id, and class selectors and provides an example of how to use CSS to style an HTML table.
This document provides an overview of cascading style sheets (CSS). It discusses various ways to apply styles including inline styles, embedded style sheets, and external style sheets. It covers CSS syntax for assigning styles using selectors, properties, and values. It also discusses style inheritance and conflict resolution. Specific CSS concepts covered include text flow with floating elements, the box model of elements, and setting borders. Examples are provided of HTML pages linking internal and external CSS style sheets to style elements.
Css Founder always works for customer satisfaction for their exact need we can say they are very professional and the Team of this company is very experienced.
This document provides an overview of styles, themes, and master pages in chapter 8. It discusses styles and CSS, including inline, internal, and external CSS. It defines selectors and declarations. It also covers themes in ASP.NET which provide a centralized way to define a website's appearance. Master pages are mentioned as a way to simplify the use of themes across content pages. Examples are provided of CSS code and using classes to change styles on click events in ASP.NET codebehind files.
This document provides an overview of CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) for web development. It defines CSS as a simple design language that separates the structure of HTML elements from their presentation. The document then covers the advantages of CSS, CSS syntax using selectors, properties, and values, examples of inline, embedded, external, and imported CSS, and different types of CSS selectors. It aims to simplify the process of making web pages presentable using CSS.
1. CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a language used to define the style and layout of web pages. CSS can be applied internally, inline, or through external style sheets.
2. There are different types of CSS selectors including tag selectors, ID selectors, and class selectors that allow styles to be applied to specific HTML elements. Common CSS properties define colors, fonts, spacing, and layout.
3. CSS3 introduces newer specifications like rounded corners, shadows, gradients, transitions, and transformations that expand on the original CSS standards. Features like custom fonts, multi-column layout, flexible box and grid layouts add additional styling capabilities.
This document introduces CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) and provides examples of how to use CSS to style HTML elements. CSS allows separation of document structure (HTML) from presentation (CSS). There are three ways to associate CSS with HTML - external CSS files linked via <link>, internal <style> sections, or inline styles via the style attribute. CSS selectors target elements by tag name, class, ID, or context. Classes and IDs allow targeting groups or individual elements. CSS rules define styles using properties and values within curly braces. This allows consistent styling across pages by changing a single CSS file.
This document discusses various topics related to Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). It begins with definitions of CSS, its versions (CSS1, CSS2, CSS3), and differences between HTML, CSS and JavaScript. It then covers CSS basic syntax, applying CSS to HTML documents using inline, internal and external stylesheets, CSS selectors like ID, class, and various other advanced selectors. The document provides examples to explain concepts like CSS lengths and units, border, margin, padding properties and more.
This document provides an introduction to CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) including:
- CSS allows separation of document content from design and formatting through stylesheets.
- Stylesheets define how HTML elements are displayed and can be internal, external, or inline.
- Multiple stylesheets and style definitions will cascade together based on specificity.
- The CSS syntax uses selectors to target elements and properties to define styles like colors, fonts, spacing.
- Comments, classes, IDs, and other selectors provide control over styling different elements.
This document proposes a system to improve crop disease detection using machine learning and IoT technologies. It involves collecting crop images and environmental sensor data, training machine learning models to classify diseases, integrating IoT sensors for real-time monitoring, and sending alerts to farmers via mobile apps. The system aims to more accurately and efficiently detect diseases early to help farmers intervene timely and enhance crop yields. Evaluation of the system shows it can accurately detect diseases and provide recommendations to help farmers manage their crops.
This document discusses local search algorithms. It begins by introducing the topic of local search algorithms and some examples of problems they can be applied to, such as the n-queens problem. It then describes several specific local search algorithms in more detail, including hill-climbing search, gradient descent, simulated annealing search, local beam search, and genetic algorithms. It also discusses techniques like random restart wrappers and tabu search wrappers that can help local search algorithms avoid getting stuck in local optima.
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is used to describe the presentation of documents by defining sizes, spacing, fonts, colors, layout, etc. CSS separates presentation from content and improves accessibility and flexibility. CSS rules consist of selectors, declarations separated by semicolons, and properties and values separated by colons. CSS can be applied via inline styles, embedded in the <head> using <style> tags, or linked externally via <link> tags. CSS follows a cascading priority scheme and specificity rules to determine which styles apply to elements.
CSS is used to style and lay out web pages. It separates the presentation of HTML elements from the content. CSS rules consist of selectors that point to HTML elements and declarations that apply styles like colors, fonts, sizes etc. CSS rules cascade from broad to specific. More specific selectors override broader ones. CSS can be applied via external stylesheets, internal stylesheets or inline styles. Pseudo-classes can style elements in special states like hover. Media queries allow responsive designs for different screen sizes.
This document provides an introduction and overview of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). It discusses using CSS to control the appearance of websites by separating content from presentation. It describes various methods for including CSS with HTML, including inline styles, embedded style sheets within <style> tags, and external CSS files linked via <link> tags. Key CSS concepts covered include selectors, the CSS syntax of rules and declarations, and using type, class, ID and other selectors to target specific elements. Maintaining styles in external CSS files is presented as the preferred approach for organization and maintenance.
Web Technology under CSS - Introduction, Advantages, Adding CSS, Browser Compatibility, CSS and Page Layout finally Selectors all are referred with Uttam K. Roy
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) allows styling of HTML elements through properties like fonts, sizes, colors and more, and can be defined internally, inline, or externally in CSS files which are linked to HTML; CSS offers advantages over HTML for styling like easier maintenance and faster page loads; CSS rules are made up of selectors that target elements and declarations which set properties and values to style elements.
The document provides an introduction to CSS (Cascading Style Sheets), explaining what CSS is, how it works, and some basic syntax and concepts. CSS allows separation of document content from document presentation by defining styles that are applied to HTML elements. Styles can be defined internally, in an external CSS file, or inline. The CSS box model is also explained, with the content, padding, border, and margin areas of elements illustrated. Common CSS properties for text formatting are also listed.
The document provides an introduction to CSS including an overview of what CSS is, why it is used, and its basic syntax and structure. CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of structured documents written in HTML or XML. It allows separation of document content from document presentation and formatting. CSS saves development time, makes pages load faster, and allows easier page maintenance.
1) The document provides resources for a front-end development session including working files, slides, and an agenda.
2) It reviews HTML tags, CSS selectors, the box model, positioning, and Flexbox.
3) Instructions are given to install Atom plugins and review JavaScript and JQuery before adding an Express server to a webpage.
Girl Develop It Cincinnati: Intro to HTML/CSS Class 2Erin M. Kidwell
The document provides instructions for downloading Aptana Studio and provides a brandery airport code. It includes the following information:
1. It instructs readers to download Aptana Studio from the provided URL if they have not already done so.
2. It provides a brandery airport code of "brandery123".
3. The document does not contain any other information.
Cascading Styling Sheets(CSS) simple design language intended to transform th...JebaRaj26
1.Inline CSS
2. Internal
3.External
Inline CSS: Inline CSS contains the CSS property in the body section attached to the element is known as inline CSS. This kind of style is specified within an HTML tag using the style attribute.
<html>
<head>
<title>Inline CSS</title>
</head>
<body>
<p style="color:#009900; font-size:50px;
font-style:italic; text-align:center;">
Nesamony Memorial Christian College
</p>
</body>
</html>
Internal or Embedded CSS: This can be used when a single HTML document must be styled uniquely. The CSS rule set should be within the HTML file in the head section i.e. the CSS is embedded within the <style> tag inside the head section of the HTML file.
<html>
<head>
<title>Internal CSS</title>
<style>
.main {
text-align: center;
}
.mca {
color: #009900;
font-size: 50px;
font-weight: bold;
}
.nmcc {
font-style: bold;
font-size: 20px;
}
</style>
</head>
External CSS: External CSS contains separate CSS files that contain only style properties with the help of tag attributes (For example class, id, heading, … etc).
CSS property is written in a separate file with a .css extension and should be linked to the HTML document using a link tag. It means that, for each element, style can be set only once and will be applied across web pages.
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="geeks.css" />
</head>
<body>
<div class="main">
<div class=“mca">Department of Computer Science & Applications</div>
<div id=“nmcc">
Basics of Web Design
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
This document provides an introduction and overview of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). It defines CSS as used to format and style web pages, describes the advantages of using CSS including simplifying design changes and creating style sheets for different audiences. It then explains the basic syntax of CSS using examples and describes the three types of CSS styles: internal, inline, and external styles. Finally, it outlines different CSS selectors including element, id, and class selectors and provides an example of how to use CSS to style an HTML table.
This document provides an overview of cascading style sheets (CSS). It discusses various ways to apply styles including inline styles, embedded style sheets, and external style sheets. It covers CSS syntax for assigning styles using selectors, properties, and values. It also discusses style inheritance and conflict resolution. Specific CSS concepts covered include text flow with floating elements, the box model of elements, and setting borders. Examples are provided of HTML pages linking internal and external CSS style sheets to style elements.
Css Founder always works for customer satisfaction for their exact need we can say they are very professional and the Team of this company is very experienced.
This document provides an overview of styles, themes, and master pages in chapter 8. It discusses styles and CSS, including inline, internal, and external CSS. It defines selectors and declarations. It also covers themes in ASP.NET which provide a centralized way to define a website's appearance. Master pages are mentioned as a way to simplify the use of themes across content pages. Examples are provided of CSS code and using classes to change styles on click events in ASP.NET codebehind files.
This document provides an overview of CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) for web development. It defines CSS as a simple design language that separates the structure of HTML elements from their presentation. The document then covers the advantages of CSS, CSS syntax using selectors, properties, and values, examples of inline, embedded, external, and imported CSS, and different types of CSS selectors. It aims to simplify the process of making web pages presentable using CSS.
1. CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a language used to define the style and layout of web pages. CSS can be applied internally, inline, or through external style sheets.
2. There are different types of CSS selectors including tag selectors, ID selectors, and class selectors that allow styles to be applied to specific HTML elements. Common CSS properties define colors, fonts, spacing, and layout.
3. CSS3 introduces newer specifications like rounded corners, shadows, gradients, transitions, and transformations that expand on the original CSS standards. Features like custom fonts, multi-column layout, flexible box and grid layouts add additional styling capabilities.
This document introduces CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) and provides examples of how to use CSS to style HTML elements. CSS allows separation of document structure (HTML) from presentation (CSS). There are three ways to associate CSS with HTML - external CSS files linked via <link>, internal <style> sections, or inline styles via the style attribute. CSS selectors target elements by tag name, class, ID, or context. Classes and IDs allow targeting groups or individual elements. CSS rules define styles using properties and values within curly braces. This allows consistent styling across pages by changing a single CSS file.
This document discusses various topics related to Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). It begins with definitions of CSS, its versions (CSS1, CSS2, CSS3), and differences between HTML, CSS and JavaScript. It then covers CSS basic syntax, applying CSS to HTML documents using inline, internal and external stylesheets, CSS selectors like ID, class, and various other advanced selectors. The document provides examples to explain concepts like CSS lengths and units, border, margin, padding properties and more.
This document provides an introduction to CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) including:
- CSS allows separation of document content from design and formatting through stylesheets.
- Stylesheets define how HTML elements are displayed and can be internal, external, or inline.
- Multiple stylesheets and style definitions will cascade together based on specificity.
- The CSS syntax uses selectors to target elements and properties to define styles like colors, fonts, spacing.
- Comments, classes, IDs, and other selectors provide control over styling different elements.
This document proposes a system to improve crop disease detection using machine learning and IoT technologies. It involves collecting crop images and environmental sensor data, training machine learning models to classify diseases, integrating IoT sensors for real-time monitoring, and sending alerts to farmers via mobile apps. The system aims to more accurately and efficiently detect diseases early to help farmers intervene timely and enhance crop yields. Evaluation of the system shows it can accurately detect diseases and provide recommendations to help farmers manage their crops.
This document discusses local search algorithms. It begins by introducing the topic of local search algorithms and some examples of problems they can be applied to, such as the n-queens problem. It then describes several specific local search algorithms in more detail, including hill-climbing search, gradient descent, simulated annealing search, local beam search, and genetic algorithms. It also discusses techniques like random restart wrappers and tabu search wrappers that can help local search algorithms avoid getting stuck in local optima.
This presentation summarizes two papers on human activity recognition using smartphones and wearable sensors. The first paper uses a CNN-LSTM model to recognize both specific activities and transitions using a public dataset, achieving 95.87% accuracy. The second paper proposes a lightweight RNN-LSTM model for edge devices using a different dataset, focusing on capturing temporal dependencies with LSTM to recognize activities and transitions. The presentation then discusses the proposed project which will use the WISDM dataset and libraries like TensorFlow to build models for activity recognition.
The document discusses trees as data structures and tree traversal methods. It provides examples of binary trees and describes tree terminology like root, parent, child, and subtree. It also explains different tree traversal orders like pre-order, post-order, and in-order traversal, which involve visiting nodes in different sequences. Examples are given to demonstrate how nodes would be visited using each traversal method on sample trees.
Java arrays allow storing of multiple elements of the same type. Elements are stored in contiguous memory locations and accessed via indexes. There are single and multi-dimensional arrays. Single dimensional arrays store elements in one row while multi-dimensional arrays can store elements in multiple rows and columns, represented as a table of data. Arrays must be declared with a size and individual elements can then be accessed via their index position.
Java arrays allow storing of multiple elements of the same type. Elements are stored in contiguous memory locations and accessed via indexes. There are single and multi-dimensional arrays. Single dimensional arrays store elements in one row while multi-dimensional arrays can store elements in multiple rows and columns, representing tables of data. Arrays must be declared with a size and individual elements can then be accessed and assigned values using indexes.
The document discusses different types of loops in Java including for, while, and do-while loops. It provides the syntax for each loop and examples of how to use them to iterate through a range of numbers. It also covers the break and continue statements that can be used to control the flow of loops, such as breaking out of a loop entirely or skipping the current iteration.
This document describes a project that developed an Android application called "Real Time Object Detection Through Voice Assistant" to help visually impaired users. The app uses machine learning and computer vision techniques like CNNs, OpenCV, and optical character recognition to detect objects and text in real-time using a device camera. It then provides audio feedback by translating the detections to speech using text-to-speech conversion. The app was implemented in Java using Android Studio and works without an internet connection by running entirely on the mobile device. Screenshots demonstrate its user interface and capabilities for real-time object and text detection with voice outputs.
There are several types of operators in Java including arithmetic, relational, logical, assignment, shift, and bitwise operators. Some examples are addition, subtraction, equality checking, AND, OR, left and right shift, and assignment. Operators are symbols that perform operations and are used for tasks like basic math, comparisons, conditional logic, assignment, and bit manipulation.
The document discusses Java data types. There are two categories of data types in Java: primitive and non-primitive. The 8 primitive types are boolean, byte, char, short, int, long, float, and double. Non-primitive types include classes, interfaces, and arrays. Each primitive type is further described in terms of its size, range of possible values, default value, and examples.
Java is a popular object-oriented programming language and platform. It was developed by Sun Microsystems in 1995 and is now owned by Oracle. James Gosling is known as the creator of Java. Java runs on a virtual machine (JVM) that converts Java code to native machine code allowing it to run on many platforms.
This document defines some basic Prolog concepts including constants, variables, structures, and operators. Constants are names or objects represented as strings, numbers, or quoted atoms. Variables start with an uppercase letter or underscore and are used to store unknown values. Structures are data objects that can contain multiple components to represent more complex data like dates. Operators include comparison operators like > and <, arithmetic operators like + and -, and logical operators.
The document discusses key concepts related to web services including:
- Web services allow applications to communicate regardless of programming language or platform through standards like SOAP, XML, WSDL and UDDI.
- SOAP is the standard protocol for communication, XML is used for data representation, WSDL describes available services, and UDDI allows services to be discovered.
- Web services provide benefits like easy accessibility from any device on the internet, flexibility in structure for different requirements, and easy integration between applications built on different platforms.
Honeypots Unveiled: Proactive Defense Tactics for Cyber Security, Phoenix Sum...APNIC
Adli Wahid, Senior Internet Security Specialist at APNIC, delivered a presentation titled 'Honeypots Unveiled: Proactive Defense Tactics for Cyber Security' at the Phoenix Summit held in Dhaka, Bangladesh from 23 to 24 May 2024.
Securing BGP: Operational Strategies and Best Practices for Network Defenders...APNIC
Md. Zobair Khan,
Network Analyst and Technical Trainer at APNIC, presented 'Securing BGP: Operational Strategies and Best Practices for Network Defenders' at the Phoenix Summit held in Dhaka, Bangladesh from 23 to 24 May 2024.
HijackLoader Evolution: Interactive Process HollowingDonato Onofri
CrowdStrike researchers have identified a HijackLoader (aka IDAT Loader) sample that employs sophisticated evasion techniques to enhance the complexity of the threat. HijackLoader, an increasingly popular tool among adversaries for deploying additional payloads and tooling, continues to evolve as its developers experiment and enhance its capabilities.
In their analysis of a recent HijackLoader sample, CrowdStrike researchers discovered new techniques designed to increase the defense evasion capabilities of the loader. The malware developer used a standard process hollowing technique coupled with an additional trigger that was activated by the parent process writing to a pipe. This new approach, called "Interactive Process Hollowing", has the potential to make defense evasion stealthier.
2. Table of Contents
What is CSS?
Styling with Cascading Stylesheets (CSS)
Selectors and style definitions
Linking HTML and CSS
Fonts, Backgrounds, Borders
The Box Model in W3C and IE
Alignment, Z-Index, Margin, Padding
Positioning and Floating Elements
Visibility, Display, Overflow
2
3. CSS: A New Philosophy
Separate content from presentation!
3
Title
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
consectetuer adipiscing elit.
Suspendisse at pede ut purus
malesuada dictum. Donec vitae
neque non magna aliquam
dictum.
• Vestibulum et odio et ipsum
• accumsan accumsan. Morbi at
• arcu vel elit ultricies porta. Proin
tortor purus, luctus non, aliquam
nec, interdum vel, mi. Sed nec
quam nec odio lacinia molestie.
Praesent augue tortor, convallis
eget, euismod nonummy, lacinia
ut, risus.
Bold
Italics
Indent
Content
(HTML document)
Presentation
(CSS Document)
4. The Resulting Page
4
Title
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
consectetuer adipiscing elit.
Suspendisse at pede ut purus
malesuada dictum. Donec vitae neque
non magna aliquam dictum.
• Vestibulum et odio et ipsum
• accumsan accumsan. Morbi at
• arcu vel elit ultricies porta. Proin
Tortor purus, luctus non, aliquam nec,
interdum vel, mi. Sed nec quam nec
odio lacinia molestie. Praesent augue
tortor, convallis eget, euismod
nonummy, lacinia ut, risus.
6. CSS Introduction
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
Used to describe the presentation of documents
Define sizes, spacing, fonts, colors, layout, etc.
Improve content accessibility
Improve flexibility
Designed to separate presentation from content
Due to CSS, all HTML presentation tags and
attributes are deprecated, e.g. font, center, etc.
6
7. CSS Introduction (2)
CSS can be applied to any XML document
Not just to HTML / XHTML
CSS can specify different styles for different
media
On-screen
In print
Handheld, projection, etc.
… even by voice or Braille-based reader
7
8. Why “Cascading”?
Priority scheme determining which style rules
apply to element
Cascade priorities or specificity (weight) are
calculated and assigned to the rules
Child elements in the HTML DOM tree inherit
styles from their parent
Can override them
Control via !important rule
8
10. Why “Cascading”? (3)
Some CSS styles are inherited and some not
Text-related and list-related properties are
inherited - color, font-size, font-family,
line-height, text-align, list-style, etc
Box-related and positioning styles are not
inherited - width, height, border, margin,
padding, position, float, etc
<a> elements do not inherit color and text-
decoration
10
11. Style Sheets Syntax
Stylesheets consist of rules, selectors,
declarations, properties and values
Selectors are separated by commas
Declarations are separated by semicolons
Properties and values are separated by colons
11
h1,h2,h3 { color: green; font-weight: bold; }
http://css.maxdesign.com.au/
12. Selectors
Selectors determine which element the rule
applies to:
All elements of specific type (tag)
Those that mach a specific attribute (id, class)
Elements may be matched depending on how
they are nested in the document tree (HTML)
Examples:
12
.header a { color: green }
#menu>li { padding-top: 8px }
13. Selectors (2)
Three primary kinds of selectors:
By tag (type selector):
By element id:
By element class name (only for HTML):
Selectors can be combined with commas:
This will match <h1> tags, elements with class
link, and element with id top-link
13
h1 { font-family: verdana,sans-serif; }
#element_id { color: #ff0000; }
.myClass {border: 1px solid red}
h1, .link, #top-link {font-weight: bold}
14. Selectors (3)
Pseudo-classes define state
:hover, :visited, :active , :lang
Pseudo-elements define element "parts" or are
used to generate content
:first-line , :before, :after
14
a:hover { color: red; }
p:first-line { text-transform: uppercase; }
.title:before { content: "»"; }
.title:after { content: "«"; }
15. Selectors (4)
Match relative to element placement:
This will match all <a> tags that are inside of <p>
* – universal selector (avoid or use with care!):
This will match all descendants of <p> element
+ selector – used to match “next sibling”:
This will match all siblings with class name link
that appear immediately after <img> tag 15
p a {text-decoration: underline}
p * {color: black}
img + .link {float:right}
16. Selectors (5)
> selector – matches direct child nodes:
This will match all elements with class error, direct
children of <p> tag
[ ] – matches tag attributes by regular expression:
This will match all <img> tags with alt attribute
containing the word logo
.class1.class2 (no space) - matches elements
with both (all) classes applied at the same time
16
p > .error {font-size: 8px}
img[alt~=logo] {border: none}
17. Values in the CSS Rules
Colors are set in RGB format (decimal or hex):
Example: #a0a6aa = rgb(160, 166, 170)
Predefined color aliases exist: black, blue, etc.
Numeric values are specified in:
Pixels, ems, e.g. 12px , 1.4em
Points, inches, centimeters, millimeters
E.g. 10pt , 1in, 1cm, 1mm
Percentages, e.g. 50%
Percentage of what?...
Zero can be used with no unit: border: 0;
17
18. Default Browser Styles
Browsers have default CSS styles
Used when there is no CSS information or any
other style information in the document
Caution: default styles differ in browsers
E.g. margins, paddings and font sizes differ
most often and usually developers reset them
18
* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
body, h1, p, ul, li { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
19. Linking HTML and CSS
HTML (content) and CSS (presentation) can be
linked in three ways:
Inline: the CSS rules in the style attribute
No selectors are needed
Embedded: in the <head> in a <style> tag
External: CSS rules in separate file (best)
Usually a file with .css extension
Linked via <link rel="stylesheet" href=…> tag
or @import directive in embedded CSS block
19
20. Linking HTML and CSS (2)
Using external files is highly recommended
Simplifies the HTML document
Improves page load speed as the CSS file is
cached
20
21. Inline Styles: Example
21
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0
Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/
DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>Inline Styles</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Here is some text</p>
<!--Separate multiple styles with a semicolon-->
<p style="font-size: 20pt">Here is some
more text</p>
<p style="font-size: 20pt;color:
#0000FF" >Even more text</p>
</body>
</html>
inline-styles.html
22. Inline Styles: Example
22
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0
Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/
DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>Inline Styles</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Here is some text</p>
<!--Separate multiple styles with a semicolon-->
<p style="font-size: 20pt">Here is some
more text</p>
<p style="font-size: 20pt;color:
#0000FF" >Even more text</p>
</body>
</html>
inline-styles.html
23. CSS Cascade (Precedence)
There are browser, user and author stylesheets
with "normal" and "important" declarations
Browser styles (least priority)
Normal user styles
Normal author styles (external, in head, inline)
Important author styles
Important user styles (max priority)
23
a { color: red !important ; }
http://www.slideshare.net/maxdesign/css-cascade-1658158
24. CSS Specificity
CSS specificity is used to determine the
precedence of CSS style declarations with the
same origin. Selectors are what matters
Simple calculation: #id = 100, .class = 10,
:pseudo = 10, [attr] = 10, tag = 1, * = 0
Same number of points? Order matters.
See also:
http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2007/07/27/css-specificity-things-
you-should-know/
http://css.maxdesign.com.au/selectutorial/advanced_conflict.htm
24
26. Embedded Styles
Embedded in the HTML in the <style> tag:
The <style> tag is placed in the <head>
section of the document
type attribute specifies the MIME type
MIME describes the format of the content
Other MIME types include text/html,
image/gif, text/javascript …
Used for document-specific styles
26
<style type="text/css">
27. Embedded Styles: Example
27
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0
Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-
transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>Style Sheets</title>
<style type="text/css">
em {background-color:#8000FF; color:white}
h1 {font-family:Arial, sans-serif}
p {font-size:18pt}
.blue {color:blue}
</style>
<head>
embedded-stylesheets.html
28. Embedded Styles: Example (2)
28
…
<body>
<h1 class="blue">A Heading</h1>
<p>Here is some text. Here is some text. Here
is some text. Here is some text. Here is some
text.</p>
<h1>Another Heading</h1>
<p class="blue">Here is some more text.
Here is some more text.</p>
<p class="blue">Here is some <em>more</em>
text. Here is some more text.</p>
</body>
</html>
29. …
<body>
<h1 class="blue">A Heading</h1>
<p>Here is some text. Here is some text. Here
is some text. Here is some text. Here is some
text.</p>
<h1>Another Heading</h1>
<p class="blue">Here is some more text.
Here is some more text.</p>
<p class="blue">Here is some <em>more</em>
text. Here is some more text.</p>
</body>
</html>
Embedded Styles: Example (3)
29
30. External CSS Styles
External linking
Separate pages can all use a shared style sheet
Only modify a single file to change the styles across
your entire Web site (see http://www.csszengarden.com/)
link tag (with a rel attribute)
Specifies a relationship between current document
and another document
link elements should be in the <head>
30
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
href="styles.css">
31. External CSS Styles (2)
@import
Another way to link external CSS files
Example:
Ancient browsers do not recognize @import
Use @import in an external CSS file to
workaround the IE 32 CSS file limit
31
<style type="text/css">
@import url("styles.css");
/* same as */
@import "styles.css";
</style>
32. External Styles: Example
32
/* CSS Document */
a { text-decoration: none }
a:hover { text-decoration: underline;
color: red;
background-color: #CCFFCC }
li em { color: red;
font-weight: bold }
ul { margin-left: 2cm }
ul ul { text-decoration: underline;
margin-left: .5cm }
styles.css
33. External Styles: Example (2)
33
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0
Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-
transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>Importing style sheets</title>
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet"
href="styles.css" />
</head>
<body>
<h1>Shopping list for <em>Monday</em>:</h1>
<li>Milk</li>
…
external-styles.html
36. Text-related CSS Properties
color – specifies the color of the text
font-size – size of font: xx-small, x-small,
small, medium, large, x-large, xx-large,
smaller, larger or numeric value
font-family – comma separated font names
Example: verdana, sans-serif, etc.
The browser loads the first one that is available
There should always be at least one generic font
font-weight can be normal, bold, bolder,
lighter or a number in range [100 … 900]
36
37. CSS Rules for Fonts (2)
font-style – styles the font
Values: normal, italic, oblique
text-decoration – decorates the text
Values: none, underline, line-trough,
overline, blink
text-align – defines the alignment of text or
other content
Values: left, right, center, justify
37
38. Shorthand Font Property
font
Shorthand rule for setting multiple font
properties at the same time
is equal to writing this:
38
font:italic normal bold 12px/16px verdana
font-style: italic;
font-variant: normal;
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 12px;
line-height: 16px;
font-family: verdana;
40. Backgrounds
background-image
URL of image to be used as background, e.g.:
background-color
Using color and image and the same time
background-repeat
repeat-x, repeat-y, repeat, no-repeat
background-attachment
fixed / scroll
40
background-image:url("back.gif");
41. Backgrounds (2)
background-position: specifies vertical and
horizontal position of the background image
Vertical position: top, center, bottom
Horizontal position: left, center, right
Both can be specified in percentage or other
numerical values
Examples:
41
background-position: top left;
background-position: -5px 50%;
42. Background Shorthand Property
background: shorthand rule for setting
background properties at the same time:
is equal to writing:
Some browsers will not apply BOTH color and
image for background if using shorthand rule
42
background: #FFF0C0 url("back.gif") no-repeat
fixed top;
background-color: #FFF0C0;
background-image: url("back.gif");
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-attachment: fixed;
background-position: top;
43. Background-image or <img>?
Background images allow you to save many
image tags from the HTML
Leads to less code
More content-oriented approach
All images that are not part of the page
content (and are used only for "beautification")
should be moved to the CSS
43
45. Borders
border-width: thin, medium, thick or
numerical value (e.g. 10px)
border-color: color alias or RGB value
border-style: none, hidden, dotted,
dashed, solid, double, groove, ridge,
inset, outset
Each property can be defined separately for
left, top, bottom and right
border-top-style, border-left-color, …
45
46. Border Shorthand Property
border: shorthand rule for setting border
properties at once:
is equal to writing:
Specify different borders for the sides via
shorthand rules: border-top, border-left,
border-right, border-bottom
When to avoid border:0 46
border: 1px solid red
border-width:1px;
border-color:red;
border-style:solid;
48. Width and Height
width – defines numerical value for the width
of element, e.g. 200px
height – defines numerical value for the
height of element, e.g. 100px
By default the height of an element is defined
by its content
Inline elements do not apply height, unless you
change their display style.
48
50. Margin and Padding
margin and padding define the spacing
around the element
Numerical value, e.g. 10px or -5px
Can be defined for each of the four sides
separately - margin-top, padding-left, …
margin is the spacing outside of the border
padding is the spacing between the border and
the content
What are collapsing margins?
50
51. Margin and Padding: Short Rules
margin: 5px;
Sets all four sides to have margin of 5 px;
margin: 10px 20px;
top and bottom to 10px, left and right to 20px;
margin: 5px 3px 8px;
top 5px, left/right 3px, bottom 8px
margin: 1px 3px 5px 7px;
top, right, bottom, left (clockwise from top)
Same for padding 51
54. IE Quirks Mode
When using quirks
mode (pages with no
DOCTYPE or with a
HTML 4Transitional
DOCTYPE), Internet
Explorer violates the
box model standard
54
55. Positioning
position: defines the positioning of the
element in the page content flow
The value is one of:
static (default)
relative – relative position according to where
the element would appear with static position
absolute – position according to the innermost
positioned parent element
fixed – same as absolute, but ignores page
scrolling 55
56. Positioning (2)
MarginVS relative positioning
Fixed and absolutely positioned elements do
not influence the page normal flow and usually
stay on top of other elements
Their position and size is ignored when
calculating the size of parent element or
position of surrounding elements
Overlaid according to their z-index
Inline fixed or absolutely positioned elements
can apply height like block-level elements
56
57. Positioning (3)
top, left, bottom, right: specifies offset of
absolute/fixed/relative positioned element as
numerical values
z-index : specifies the stack level of
positioned elements
understanding stacking context
57
Each positioned element creates a stacking
context.
Elements in different stacking contexts are
overlapped according to the stacking order of
their containers. For example, there is no way
for #A1 and #A2 (children of #A) to be placed
over #B without increasing the z-index of #A.
59. Inline element positioning
vertical-align: sets the vertical-alignment
of an inline element, according to the line
height
Values: baseline, sub, super, top, text-top,
middle, bottom, text-bottom or numeric
Also used for content of table cells (which apply
middle alignment by default)
59
61. Float
float: the element “floats” to one side
left: places the element on the left and
following content on the right
right: places the element on the right and
following content on the left
floated elements should come before the
content that will wrap around them in the code
margins of floated elements do not collapse
floated inline elements can apply height
61
63. Clear
clear
Sets the sides of the element where other
floating elements are NOT allowed
Used to "drop" elements below floated ones or
expand a container, which contains only floated
children
Possible values: left, right, both
Clearing floats
additional element (<div>) with a clear style
63
64. Clear (2)
Clearing floats (continued)
:after { content: ""; display: block;
clear: both; height: 0; }
Triggering hasLayout in IE expands a container
of floated elements
display: inline-block;
zoom: 1;
64
66. Opacity
opacity: specifies the opacity of the element
Floating point number from 0 to 1
For old Mozilla browsers use –moz-opacity
For IE use filter:alpha(opacity=value)
where value is from 0 to 100; also, "binary and
script behaviors" must be enabled and
hasLayout must be triggered, e.g. with zoom:1
66
68. Visibility
visibility
Determines whether the element is visible
hidden: element is not rendered, but still
occupies place on the page (similar to
opacity:0)
visible: element is rendered normally
68
70. Display
display: controls the display of the element
and the way it is rendered and if breaks should
be placed before and after the element
inline: no breaks are placed before and after
(<span> is an inline element)
block: breaks are placed before AND after the
element (<div> is a block element)
70
71. Display (2)
none: element is hidden and its dimensions are
not used to calculate the surrounding elements
rendering (differs from visibility: hidden!)
There are some more possible values, but not
all browsers support them
Specific displays like table-cell and table-
row
71
73. Overflow
overflow: defines the behavior of element when
content needs more space than you have specified by
the size properties or for other reasons.Values:
visible (default) – content spills out of the
element
auto - show scrollbars if needed
scroll – always show scrollbars
hidden – any content that cannot fit is clipped
73
75. Other CSS Properties
cursor: specifies the look of the mouse cursor
when placed over the element
Values: crosshair, help, pointer,
progress, move, hair, col-resize, row-
resize, text, wait, copy, drop, and others
white-space – controls the line breaking of
text.Value is one of:
nowrap – keeps the text on one line
normal (default) – browser decides whether to
brake the lines if needed
75
76. Benefits of using CSS
More powerful formatting than using
presentation tags
Your pages load faster, because browsers
cache the .css files
Increased accessibility, because rules can be
defined according given media
Pages are easier to maintain and update
76
77. Maintenance Example
77
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CSS
file
84. Exercises
1. Create the following Web
page region using HTML
with external CSS file.
Note that each program
line should be a hyperlink.
Hint: use a definition list
(<dl>)
84
85. Exercises (2)
85
3. Create the following Web page using HTML and
external CSS. Using tables, inline styles and
deprecated tags is not allowed.
86. Exercises (3)
86
2. Create the following
Web page using
external CSS styles.
Buttons should be
PNG images with text
over them.
87. Exercises (4)
87
4. Create the following Web page using HTML with
external CSS file. Note that the images should be
PNG with transparent background.
88. Exercises (5)
5. Given the picture below (CSS-Web-Site.png)
create theWeb site. Use CSS and XHTML.
88