A History on Cryptography and the its applications

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CRYPTOGRAPHY
Prepared by : Hafsa.A.S (1SJ12IS035)
Meghana.C.K(1SJ12IS060)
Vinutha.B.R(1SJ12IS121)
Sri Jagadguru Chandrashekaranatha Swamiji Institute Of Technology
Under the Guidance of :
Ms. Nilufur
Ms. Omika Mishra

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Contents
– What is Cryptography?
– Brief History of Cryptography.
– Basic concepts.
– Types of Ciphers.
– Caesar’s Cipher
– Encryption
– Decryption
– Header files included in the program.
– Modern Cryptography.
– Applications of Cryptography.
– Conclusion.
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What is Cryptography?
• The art of Protecting
information by
transforming it into
an unreadable
format.
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History Of Cryptography
700 BC – Scytale
1467 – Alberti Cipher
1797 – Jefferson Wheel
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History Of Cryptography
1943 – Enigma Machine
1961 – First computer
Password
1979 – DES
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Basic Concepts
Plain Text – The Readable text.
Cipher Text – The coded/hidden text.
Ciphers
Encryption
Decryption
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Types Of Ciphers
Monoalphabetic Cipher
This uses the same substitution across
the entire message.
Ex: Caesar Cipher
Polyalphabetic Cipher
The substitution changes across the
message.
Ex: Vigenere Cipher
Transposition Cipher
The letters are same, but their order is rearranged.
Ex: Rail fence.
Polygraphic Substitution
This uses two or more groups of letters and their
frequency analysis.
Ex: Playfair Cipher
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Caesar Cipher
Named after Julius Caesar.
Simplest substitution cipher.
Same key through the entire message.
Cipher Alphabets rotated either to left or right.
The shift parameter is KEY.
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Gaius Julius Caesar
The key used is 2.

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Encryption
The process of coding the
messages or information.
Creates the Cipher Text.
Uses the Key.
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Decryption
The process of decoding the
messages or information.
Creates the Plain Text.
Uses the Key.
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Modern Cryptography
1985 – Videocipher II
1995 – “Hackers”
1997 - AES
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Modern Cryptography
1997 - CAPTCHA
2006 – Rise of Identity
Theft
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Application
Authentication/
Digital Signature
Time Stamping
Electronic Money
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Application
Secure network
communication
Anonymous remailers
Disk Encryption
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By using of encryption techniques a fair unit of
confidentiality, authentication, integrity , access
control and availability of data is maintained.
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