Crop roots and crop residues management: impacts on soil structure under zero tillage. Mariela Fuentes

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This study evaluated the influence of crop roots, residues, and zero-tillage management on soil structure in central Mexico. The experiment compared maize and wheat monocultures with and without crop residues under zero-tillage. Results showed that wheat roots favored pore formation more than maize roots. Keeping crop residues on the soil surface was also important for developing soil structure, in addition to root effects. Overall, the combination of crop rotation and residue retention under zero-tillage best improved the total porosity and aggregation of the soil.

Education Technology

CROP ROOTS AND CROP RESIDUES
MANAGEMENT: IMPACTS ON SOIL
STRUCTURE UNDER ZERO TILLAGE

Mariela Fuentes, Paola Solís, Fernando De León,
Carmen Gutiérrez, Bram Govaerts

*Soil physical quality

*Aggregation
*Pore systems

EXPERIMENTAL STATION OF “EL BATÁN”
ZTM+r / -r
CIMMYT
ZTR+r / -r
Conventional tillage Zero tillage
CTM+r / -r
with
CTR+r /-r
without with without
residues residues residues residues
*The experiment was set up in 1991
*Subtropical highlands of central Mexico
*Haplic Phaeozem
rotation maize-wheat,wheat-maize
25% sand 37% silt andand wheat)
monoculture (maize 38% clay

MAIZE ZTM+r
2

CTR-r 1 ZTM-r

0

-1

CTR+r -2 ZTR+r
Yields
PC1 (C,N,Ag,H)
PC2 (H,-RP,pH)

CTM-r ZTR-r

CTM+r

WHEAT ZTM+r
2

CTR-r 1 ZTM-r
0

-1

CTR+r -2 ZTR+r

CTM-r ZTR-r

Yields
PC1 (SOM, Moist., Ag.) CTM+r
PC2 (pH, CE, Resist Penet, P)

AGGREGATES
WHEAT

Aggregates 1-8mm0 to 0.18)
(LSD 5 cm Aggregates 0.25-1mm (LSD 0.14)
2 Aggregates 1-8mm (LSD 0.23)
5 to 10 cm 0.25-1mm (LSD 0.08) 2
Aggregates
Aggregates <0.25 mm (LSD 0.18)
Aggregates <0.25 mm (LSD 0.14)
70 70

MeanMean Weight Diameter (mm)(mm)
Aggregates distribution (%)

Mean Weight Diameter (mm)
1.6 1.6
60
Aggregates distribution (%)

60

weigth diammeter
Aggregates distribution (%)
50 50
1.2 1.2
40 40

30 0.8 0.8
30

20 20
0.4 0.4
10 10

0 0
0 0
ZTR+r ZTM+r CTR+r CTM+r ZTR-r ZTM-r CTR-r CTM-r ZTR+r ZTM+r CTR+r CTM+r ZTR-r ZTM-r CTR-r CTM-r
Aggregates 1-8mm
Aggregates 0.25-1mm
Aggregates <0.25 mm

Evaluated the influence of two root systems (maize and
wheat) and crop residues management on the soil pore system in
different agriculture management

ZTM-r ZTM+r ZTR+r

0–5, 5-10, 10-15 and 15-20 cm depth
2 samples for plot

TOTAL POROSITY

COMPOUND PACKING VOIDS

BIOPORES

FISSURES

Thin sections were processed Image-Pro®
statistical analysis: linear model and analysis of
variance

70 0 to 5 cm LSD 7.6
5 to 10 cm LSD 6.2
Total soil porosity (%)
60 10 to 15 cm LSD 5.4
15 to 20 cm LSD 5.7
50

40

30

20

10

0
ZTMm-r ZTMw-r ZTMm+r ZTMw+r ZTRm+r ZTRw+r

Thin sections

ZTR+r ZTMw+r ZTMm+r ZTMm-r

0–5 cm

5-10cm

10-15 cm

15-20 cm

channels or biopores
compound packing voids,
fissures

70
0 a 5cm 40 5-10cm
60
50 30

cm 100 cm-2
cm 100 m-2

40
30 20

20
10
10
0 0
ZTMm-r ZTMw-r ZTMm+r ZTMw+r ZTRm+r ZTRw+r ZTMm-r ZTMw-r ZTMm+r ZTMw+r ZTRm+r ZTRw+r

15-20 cm
25 10-15 cm
25
cm 100 cm-2

20
20

cm 100cm-2
15 15
10 10

5 5

0 0
ZTMm-r ZTMw-r ZTMm+r ZTMw+r ZTRm+r ZTRw+r ZTMm-r ZTMw-r ZTMm+r ZTMw+r ZTRm+r ZTRw+r

Monoculture vs rotation

CONCLUSION

The root wheat-soil relation favors the formation of pores

The roots per se do not generate a fully satisfactory soil
structure; it is necessary to keep crop residues at the soil
surface.

Conservation agriculture improves soil porosity (crop
rotations)

We know more about the
movement of the celestial
bodies than about the soil
underfoot
Da vinci

Thank you very much

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Crop roots and crop residues management: impacts on soil structure under zero tillage. Mariela Fuentes