The document provides an overview of the crisis in Syria through a group presentation. It begins with introductions and then covers key points such as:
1) The crisis started in 2011 as part of the Arab Spring and has since morphed into a multi-sided armed conflict involving international interventions.
2) The conflict is primarily between government loyalist forces supporting President Bashar al-Assad and various anti-Assad rebel groups, including al-Qaeda affiliates.
3) The crisis has led to massive instability, millions of refugees, and the rise of ISIS throughout the region. External countries including Iran, Russia, the U.S. and others have intervened and supported opposing sides, prolonging
Syria policy brief articulating the developing situation in Syria (early August), along with the action steps the US should take in support the Syrian revolution.
www.AllianceForSyria.org
Introduction Why We Disagree about International RelationsIn A.docxnormanibarber20063
Introduction Why We Disagree about International Relations
In April, 2015, ISIS militants pose with their banner in a suburb of Damascus, Syria, that they had just partially captured. What has caused the rise of ISIS, and what can be done to counter it?
Photo by Balkis Press/Sipa USA (Sipa via AP Images)
In spring 2014, an Islamic army known as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) swarmed across northern Syria and Iraq conquering territory larger than Belgium, including Iraq’s second largest city of Mosul. Also known as the Islamic State (IS), Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), and Daesh, its Arab label, ISIS declared itself a Caliphate, resurrecting the ancient empire of Islam, and proceeded to threaten Baghdad, the capital of Iraq. Thousands of jihadists (religious revolutionaries) joined ISIS, some from the United States; and scattered extremist groups from North Africa to Southeast Asia pledged allegiance to ISIS and adopted its black flag. The Caliphate, under its leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, imposed a brutal Sunni Muslim law in the conquered territories, and hooded warriors beheaded Western journalists, local Christians and Shiite (non-Sunni) Muslims, captured in terrifying videos that went viral on the Internet. Ben Rhodes, the Deputy National Security Adviser to President Obama, identified the threat to the United States: “They are seeking to establish themselves as the vanguard terrorist organization that is at war with the U.S. and the West on behalf of Islam.”1
What causes a conflict of this sort? And what can be done about it? As students of international relations, we start with the facts, but we have to be careful. There are so many facts, and we can’t know them all or know for certain which ones may be the most important ones that cause other things to happen. Let’s look at what appear to be the salient facts in the case of ISIS and then make a first stab at how we sort out the facts and causes of international events to understand them better.
Syria and Iraq are centrally located in the geographically strategic region of the Middle East. They are Muslim countries that border the Mediterranean Sea, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Turkey. Both Eastern and Western empires have occupied this region. Christian crusaders invaded in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, and the region was part of the Ottoman Empire for several centuries. The first Muslim Caliphate dated from the thirteenth century. After World War I and the collapse of the Caliphate, Syria became a colonial territory under French administration, while Iraq became a British colony. Both became independent nations after World War II. After World War II, oil became a major resource in the Middle East. Western companies monopolized oil production and remain today major economic players in the region even though the oil-producing states now control their own oil and influence global oil markets through the Organization of Petroleum .
Syria policy brief articulating the developing situation in Syria (early August), along with the action steps the US should take in support the Syrian revolution.
www.AllianceForSyria.org
Introduction Why We Disagree about International RelationsIn A.docxnormanibarber20063
Introduction Why We Disagree about International Relations
In April, 2015, ISIS militants pose with their banner in a suburb of Damascus, Syria, that they had just partially captured. What has caused the rise of ISIS, and what can be done to counter it?
Photo by Balkis Press/Sipa USA (Sipa via AP Images)
In spring 2014, an Islamic army known as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) swarmed across northern Syria and Iraq conquering territory larger than Belgium, including Iraq’s second largest city of Mosul. Also known as the Islamic State (IS), Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), and Daesh, its Arab label, ISIS declared itself a Caliphate, resurrecting the ancient empire of Islam, and proceeded to threaten Baghdad, the capital of Iraq. Thousands of jihadists (religious revolutionaries) joined ISIS, some from the United States; and scattered extremist groups from North Africa to Southeast Asia pledged allegiance to ISIS and adopted its black flag. The Caliphate, under its leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, imposed a brutal Sunni Muslim law in the conquered territories, and hooded warriors beheaded Western journalists, local Christians and Shiite (non-Sunni) Muslims, captured in terrifying videos that went viral on the Internet. Ben Rhodes, the Deputy National Security Adviser to President Obama, identified the threat to the United States: “They are seeking to establish themselves as the vanguard terrorist organization that is at war with the U.S. and the West on behalf of Islam.”1
What causes a conflict of this sort? And what can be done about it? As students of international relations, we start with the facts, but we have to be careful. There are so many facts, and we can’t know them all or know for certain which ones may be the most important ones that cause other things to happen. Let’s look at what appear to be the salient facts in the case of ISIS and then make a first stab at how we sort out the facts and causes of international events to understand them better.
Syria and Iraq are centrally located in the geographically strategic region of the Middle East. They are Muslim countries that border the Mediterranean Sea, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Turkey. Both Eastern and Western empires have occupied this region. Christian crusaders invaded in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, and the region was part of the Ottoman Empire for several centuries. The first Muslim Caliphate dated from the thirteenth century. After World War I and the collapse of the Caliphate, Syria became a colonial territory under French administration, while Iraq became a British colony. Both became independent nations after World War II. After World War II, oil became a major resource in the Middle East. Western companies monopolized oil production and remain today major economic players in the region even though the oil-producing states now control their own oil and influence global oil markets through the Organization of Petroleum .
More than 200,000 Syrians have lost their lives in four years of armed conflict, which began with anti-government protests before escalating into a full-scale civil war. More than 11 million others have been forced from their homes as forces loyal to President Bashar al-Assad and those opposed to his rule battle each other - as well as jihadist militants from Islamic State.
Management of over 4 million refugees is in itself a great challenge and is likely to affect world economy.
I have always been flabbergasted by how ignorant Americans are about Syria and how US policy makers in the Obama Administration have dealt with the Syria file so far.
So as a political activist in the region, I thought of sharing with you some basic answers to the most asked questions about Syria in the hope of one day maybe helping you all see the light at the end of the tunnel regarding the quagmire we are all facing in the region.
ICESERVE24: OTGtruth: Russian Moves into Their 'Afghanistan Part II'Lubomir Cech
The world is now aware that Russia is operationally involved in Syria and Russia has signaled that they are in it for the long haul – but could this be another short-sighted engagement to the tune of Afghanistan in 1989? As Syria’s Bashar al-Assad receives his saving grace, ICESERVE24 delves into the factors motivating Russia’s stake in Syria, the key world players in the fight, and the fate of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS).
Survival of Two Regional Powers at the Expense of the Security of the Middle ...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Many have called the current relationship between Iran and Saudi Arabia a cold war. In an article in "The National Interest", Mohammed Ayoob refers to the competition between the two as "a new cold war" [Ayoob, 2013]. The relationship betweenIran and Saudi Arabia for the last three and a half decades has been tumultuous at best, so talk of conflict between these two countries isn’t anything new. The conflict is occasionally given more visibility to the rest of the world by media attention and political analysis, but it’s typically overshadowed by other newsworthy events elsewhere. However, now it looks like their infighting has expanded to full out aggression. The upsizing in military might have major and long-lasting consequences for many of the people that live in the Middle East. Current events related to the conflict between the two countries risk creating a new border system to emerge. The Islamic Republic of Iran and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are fully responsible for the birth, development, and shaping of the coming borders. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the background of the conflictbetween Iran and SaudiArabia; a conflict with a Middle Eastern instability and danger of secessions in the region as part of the consequences. It is intended to provide a highlighting of the twocountries’ hugeinternalchallenges and thus the need to externalenemies in the form of intensifying the historicalShia-Sunniconflict.
Explains background information on the volatile country of Syria, including conflicts within the Muslim groups and with Muslims and other religions in the country.
The political scenario in the Middle East, with the disintegration of Syria, possible civil war in Turkey, increasing the number of refugees and the territorial expansion of the Islamic State, in addition to the intervention of countries like the United States, Russia, China and France, can lead the region to a major war. In addition to the dramatic situation in Syria, with a civil war that has completed five years, the situation is equally fragile in countries such as Iraq and the border areas with Iran and Turkey itself, where about 15 million Kurds, a people who after the 1st world war, it was divided and now lives in four countries. This is a complex situation that reached its peak with the arrival on the scene of the United States, Russia, Iran and Saudi Arabia. Officially each of the parties has a common enemy: the Islamic State (ISIS). The coalition led by the United States intends to fight against Islamic extremists, such as Russia and Turkey. But on the ground, fighting of each country is guided by other goals. Russia, faithful ally of Syria, essentially bombards the anti-Assad rebels. Turkey, the second largest army in NATO, attacks the Kurds.
More than 200,000 Syrians have lost their lives in four years of armed conflict, which began with anti-government protests before escalating into a full-scale civil war. More than 11 million others have been forced from their homes as forces loyal to President Bashar al-Assad and those opposed to his rule battle each other - as well as jihadist militants from Islamic State.
Management of over 4 million refugees is in itself a great challenge and is likely to affect world economy.
I have always been flabbergasted by how ignorant Americans are about Syria and how US policy makers in the Obama Administration have dealt with the Syria file so far.
So as a political activist in the region, I thought of sharing with you some basic answers to the most asked questions about Syria in the hope of one day maybe helping you all see the light at the end of the tunnel regarding the quagmire we are all facing in the region.
ICESERVE24: OTGtruth: Russian Moves into Their 'Afghanistan Part II'Lubomir Cech
The world is now aware that Russia is operationally involved in Syria and Russia has signaled that they are in it for the long haul – but could this be another short-sighted engagement to the tune of Afghanistan in 1989? As Syria’s Bashar al-Assad receives his saving grace, ICESERVE24 delves into the factors motivating Russia’s stake in Syria, the key world players in the fight, and the fate of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS).
Survival of Two Regional Powers at the Expense of the Security of the Middle ...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Many have called the current relationship between Iran and Saudi Arabia a cold war. In an article in "The National Interest", Mohammed Ayoob refers to the competition between the two as "a new cold war" [Ayoob, 2013]. The relationship betweenIran and Saudi Arabia for the last three and a half decades has been tumultuous at best, so talk of conflict between these two countries isn’t anything new. The conflict is occasionally given more visibility to the rest of the world by media attention and political analysis, but it’s typically overshadowed by other newsworthy events elsewhere. However, now it looks like their infighting has expanded to full out aggression. The upsizing in military might have major and long-lasting consequences for many of the people that live in the Middle East. Current events related to the conflict between the two countries risk creating a new border system to emerge. The Islamic Republic of Iran and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are fully responsible for the birth, development, and shaping of the coming borders. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the background of the conflictbetween Iran and SaudiArabia; a conflict with a Middle Eastern instability and danger of secessions in the region as part of the consequences. It is intended to provide a highlighting of the twocountries’ hugeinternalchallenges and thus the need to externalenemies in the form of intensifying the historicalShia-Sunniconflict.
Explains background information on the volatile country of Syria, including conflicts within the Muslim groups and with Muslims and other religions in the country.
The political scenario in the Middle East, with the disintegration of Syria, possible civil war in Turkey, increasing the number of refugees and the territorial expansion of the Islamic State, in addition to the intervention of countries like the United States, Russia, China and France, can lead the region to a major war. In addition to the dramatic situation in Syria, with a civil war that has completed five years, the situation is equally fragile in countries such as Iraq and the border areas with Iran and Turkey itself, where about 15 million Kurds, a people who after the 1st world war, it was divided and now lives in four countries. This is a complex situation that reached its peak with the arrival on the scene of the United States, Russia, Iran and Saudi Arabia. Officially each of the parties has a common enemy: the Islamic State (ISIS). The coalition led by the United States intends to fight against Islamic extremists, such as Russia and Turkey. But on the ground, fighting of each country is guided by other goals. Russia, faithful ally of Syria, essentially bombards the anti-Assad rebels. Turkey, the second largest army in NATO, attacks the Kurds.
This session provides a comprehensive overview of the latest updates to the Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit Requirements for Federal Awards (commonly known as the Uniform Guidance) outlined in the 2 CFR 200.
With a focus on the 2024 revisions issued by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), participants will gain insight into the key changes affecting federal grant recipients. The session will delve into critical regulatory updates, providing attendees with the knowledge and tools necessary to navigate and comply with the evolving landscape of federal grant management.
Learning Objectives:
- Understand the rationale behind the 2024 updates to the Uniform Guidance outlined in 2 CFR 200, and their implications for federal grant recipients.
- Identify the key changes and revisions introduced by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in the 2024 edition of 2 CFR 200.
- Gain proficiency in applying the updated regulations to ensure compliance with federal grant requirements and avoid potential audit findings.
- Develop strategies for effectively implementing the new guidelines within the grant management processes of their respective organizations, fostering efficiency and accountability in federal grant administration.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
A process server is a authorized person for delivering legal documents, such as summons, complaints, subpoenas, and other court papers, to peoples involved in legal proceedings.
Presentation by Jared Jageler, David Adler, Noelia Duchovny, and Evan Herrnstadt, analysts in CBO’s Microeconomic Studies and Health Analysis Divisions, at the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Summer Conference.
Understanding the Challenges of Street ChildrenSERUDS INDIA
By raising awareness, providing support, advocating for change, and offering assistance to children in need, individuals can play a crucial role in improving the lives of street children and helping them realize their full potential
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-individuals-can-support-street-children-in-india/
#donatefororphan, #donateforhomelesschildren, #childeducation, #ngochildeducation, #donateforeducation, #donationforchildeducation, #sponsorforpoorchild, #sponsororphanage #sponsororphanchild, #donation, #education, #charity, #educationforchild, #seruds, #kurnool, #joyhome
ZGB - The Role of Generative AI in Government transformation.pdfSaeed Al Dhaheri
This keynote was presented during the the 7th edition of the UAE Hackathon 2024. It highlights the role of AI and Generative AI in addressing government transformation to achieve zero government bureaucracy
Many ways to support street children.pptxSERUDS INDIA
By raising awareness, providing support, advocating for change, and offering assistance to children in need, individuals can play a crucial role in improving the lives of street children and helping them realize their full potential
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-individuals-can-support-street-children-in-india/
#donatefororphan, #donateforhomelesschildren, #childeducation, #ngochildeducation, #donateforeducation, #donationforchildeducation, #sponsorforpoorchild, #sponsororphanage #sponsororphanchild, #donation, #education, #charity, #educationforchild, #seruds, #kurnool, #joyhome
Russian anarchist and anti-war movement in the third year of full-scale warAntti Rautiainen
Anarchist group ANA Regensburg hosted my online-presentation on 16th of May 2024, in which I discussed tactics of anti-war activism in Russia, and reasons why the anti-war movement has not been able to make an impact to change the course of events yet. Cases of anarchists repressed for anti-war activities are presented, as well as strategies of support for political prisoners, and modest successes in supporting their struggles.
Thumbnail picture is by MediaZona, you may read their report on anti-war arson attacks in Russia here: https://en.zona.media/article/2022/10/13/burn-map
Links:
Autonomous Action
http://Avtonom.org
Anarchist Black Cross Moscow
http://Avtonom.org/abc
Solidarity Zone
https://t.me/solidarity_zone
Memorial
https://memopzk.org/, https://t.me/pzk_memorial
OVD-Info
https://en.ovdinfo.org/antiwar-ovd-info-guide
RosUznik
https://rosuznik.org/
Uznik Online
http://uznikonline.tilda.ws/
Russian Reader
https://therussianreader.com/
ABC Irkutsk
https://abc38.noblogs.org/
Send mail to prisoners from abroad:
http://Prisonmail.online
YouTube: https://youtu.be/c5nSOdU48O8
Spotify: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/libertarianlifecoach/episodes/Russian-anarchist-and-anti-war-movement-in-the-third-year-of-full-scale-war-e2k8ai4
Russian anarchist and anti-war movement in the third year of full-scale war
Crisis_in_syria,how problem and conflict was started_pptx.pptx
1. An presentation on
Crisis in syria
Group no- 9
9th Batch, Department of Political
Science.
University of Dhaka.
Submitted To-
MR. MOHAMMAD RASHED ALAM
BHUIYAN
Assistant Professor,
Department of Political Science
University of Dhaka
3. Group Members:
1. MD RASEL AHMED - 237
2. ASHRAFUL HAQUE – 238
3. MD MIJANUR RAHMAN- 239
4. MD. ABU SAEID- 240
5. ROYAL CHANDRA DAS- 241
6. KAMRUN NAHAR SHOVA- 242
7. SOBNOOR-A-JANNAT – 243
8. AFIA SULTANA NISHAT- 245
4.
5. INTRODUCTION
Syria crisis started as a part of Arab spring,
Started on 15 march 2011.Its on going as a
multi-sided armed conflict with international
interventions.
The conflict gradually morphed from mass
protests an armed rebellion
The Syria crisis is also termed as cold war,
holy war, civil war , proxy war .
8. Crisis in Syria
Bashar al Assad is ruling in
Syria from 2000 .
Geopolitically, Syria is an
important state in Arab region
.
So when the crisis started in
syria, interested states
intervene to serve their
interest
The syria or the civil war in
syria mainly the conflict
between government loyalist
forces vs free syrian
army(asad groups vs rebellion
group)
9. The rebellion group are including al qaeda( al nusra front),
talibans, fatah al islam, zunut al islam, hijbut tahrir, islamic
fighting
group in lybia and
so on.
Assad group is the
government loyalist
forces.
Revolutionary guard
force of iran joint to
fight against rebellions.
Syria crisis has made the whole state unstable.Million of people
lost their life, half of them are civilian. People are being forced to
leave their place.civilians are struggling to survive.almost 4
millions people have become refugees.
Prisoners are getting free from prison to fight.
10. Nine sunni militant organizations joined
the rebellion group.they have different
objectives-
1.repulse bashar al assad;
2.create islami khilafat;
3.serve western interest.
The rebellion forces got possession
on turkish border area, israeli border
area and near kurdistan. On the iother
hand loyalist forces are possessing
aleppo, idlib, hama, homs.
12. Supporters of
Assad Group
and rebellion
Group
Iran is strong supporter of
Assad government .Russia,
China ,Iran and Iraq are
providing financial ,military
and political support Bashar
al Assad. Syria and Russia have some economic and geopolitical
relation.Syria buys arms from Russia and Russia uses the tartous port of
Syria to enter on gulf . By the request of Iran, Russia intervene in Syria in
2015.
America and Israel are on the side of anti Assad group .America
claimed it war against terrorism .France,Germany ,Italy, Turkey EU, Nato
all are supporting free syrian army. “Syrian national coaliton” was built
by their decision. Saudia Arabia has made billion dollars arms treaty
with US against Syria .
15. Will it be solved if Assad Quits?
• US & Israeli View
16. Will all the problems be solved if
Assad quits?
USA and Israel are seeking to put down Bashar al Assad
from power . They want to dominate Syria . But it is not
easy. Though five years have been passed but the long
term crisis could not make Assad weak .
USA wants to democratize Syria by uprooting the
terrorist the war against Syria .Though the US intervene
in Lybia and Iraq could not make them stable .Till now
they are instable with lots of problems.
If Basar al Assad had not supporters among the nation, It
could become easy to put him down from power. The
Assad is from minor alavi group but succeed to creat
supporters all across the nation.
17. • Another severe problem is IS. If Assad quit,IS will grab
the whole Syria and terrorism will cross the limits.the
situation will become more instable.
• Iran sends food ,medicine and other things in Palestine
through Syria border. Israel is against this .Israel wanted
Syria on its side .Their next target is Iran , as Iran is the
allied power of Palestine .
• If Assad quits , the US and Israel will be able to set up a
puppet govt. which will serve their interest. Sending help
to Palestine will be stopped .Israel will grab the whole
Palestine and become more strong .
• Bashar has brought some changes in the constitution
and started multiparty system .US wants election ,but
only election can not bring democracy .
19. Syria crisis: Created or
originated?
The role of the foreign countries is rising the question
whether the crisis in Syria originated or created .As the
foreign intervene did not settle down the problems rather
prolonging the conflict .
No western leader has spoken to Assad since the crisis
began.
Now US detectives predicts that IS are getting financial
support and ammunitions from CIA in disguise of free
syrian army .
In the last two years more than seven thousand air
attacks could not control the terrorists .
20. On the other side Russia demolished some IS head
quaters, training centers in one week .Also regained
some cities which were under control of IS .
There is a saying that instead of controlling the
militants ,US is making them well armed
to fight against
Assad .
Many western
countries are
now giving
importance to controlling extreme Wahabism .But US
and Russia’s only target is to control the Assad group
and grab Syria .
26. Refugee crisis
The crisis in
Syria creating a
large number of
refugees . They
are taking shelter
in neighbouring
countries .
Some European
countries are also providing support . But refugees from Lybia
,Iraq and Afghanistan are also entering which creates pressure
on economy.
East European countries were not satisfied with the
refugees.Now USA also getting rigid.
27.
28. OVERVIEW
Mostly an international
crisis
Initiated from pipeline
politics(2000)
1. Creating ISIS
2. Funding opposition
group(from 2009)
3.Arming and training jihadist group
4. Sunni uprising
30. PROXY WAR
Assad Group On behalf of
Russia
Iran
Iraq
China
Lebanon etc
Rebellion Group On Behalf
• Usa
• EU Countries
• Saudi Arab
• Qatar
• Turkey etc
36. BOB DYLAN SONG
“How many ears one man have
Before he can hear people cry?
Yes, and how many deaths will it take, till
He knows,
That too many people have died...........