This document summarizes a presentation by Queen's Global Markets on ISIS and the geopolitical situation in the Middle East. The presentation covers the origins and rise of ISIS, key players in the region including their strategic interests and responses to ISIS, and predictions about resolving the conflicts. It analyzes countries like Iran, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Syria and their stances. It argues the US must work with regional powers to resolve the Iranian nuclear issue to bring stability and defeat ISIS in the long run.
This document summarizes key information about the terrorist group ISIS and lessons that can be learned from historical analysis of terrorism. It describes ISIS's capabilities, including its demonstrated ability to fight and control territory in Iraq and Syria, establish governance structures, and generate funding through oil sales and taxation. The document also notes ISIS's willingness to commit atrocities like beheadings. It argues that ISIS represents a unique threat due to its state-building ambitions and that combating the group will test the US's ability to address future asymmetric threats that control territory and populations. The document concludes by outlining lessons from history that could inform how the US responds to ISIS, such as providing long-term military support to local forces and addressing
Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS)Nitin Sharma
The document discusses the rise of ISIS in Iraq and Syria and potential threats posed. It provides background on how ISIS formed from al-Qaeda in Iraq and took control of territory across Iraq and Syria. Six potential scenarios for the future of Iraq are outlined, ranging from protracted civil war to ISIS gaining control of the entire country. The document also discusses how ISIS aims to establish a caliphate and how their actions could impact neighboring countries and threaten global security. Measures to counter ISIS are mentioned, including training local ground forces in Iraq to conduct operations to push ISIS from cities.
The document summarizes the rise of ISIS in Iraq and the ongoing conflict between Sunni and Shia sects. It describes how ISIS seized Mosul and other cities in Iraq in June 2014, exploiting Sunni discontent with the Shia-led government. ISIS seeks to establish an Islamic caliphate governed by Sharia law and now controls large parts of Iraq and Syria, posing a threat to the region, Western interests, and South Asia. Efforts are needed to curb ISIS's growing territorial control and prevent the conflict from engulfing the entire Muslim world.
The Islamic State, also known as ISIS, controls territory in Iraq and Syria and seeks to establish a caliphate governed by its extreme interpretation of Sharia law. It has grown into a well-funded military organization with over 17,000 fighters and controls key infrastructure. The international community has responded by forming a coalition to counter ISIS through airstrikes, supporting local forces, cutting off financing, and addressing the humanitarian crisis.
1) The document discusses the rise of the Islamic State (IS) militant group and the potential terrorism risk they pose. It traces their origins from Al Qaeda in Iraq and expansion across Syria and Iraq in recent years.
2) The IS now controls significant territory and resources in the region and has established itself as a "caliphate", though no country recognizes it as a sovereign state. It generates revenue through oil assets and other means.
3) While the immediate terrorism threat from IS abroad may be low as they focus on regional battles, involvement of Western countries could motivate IS to attack soft targets globally. IS recruits foreigners who could aid international attacks, and their social media propaganda aids recruitment.
Introduction Why We Disagree about International RelationsIn A.docxnormanibarber20063
Introduction Why We Disagree about International Relations
In April, 2015, ISIS militants pose with their banner in a suburb of Damascus, Syria, that they had just partially captured. What has caused the rise of ISIS, and what can be done to counter it?
Photo by Balkis Press/Sipa USA (Sipa via AP Images)
In spring 2014, an Islamic army known as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) swarmed across northern Syria and Iraq conquering territory larger than Belgium, including Iraq’s second largest city of Mosul. Also known as the Islamic State (IS), Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), and Daesh, its Arab label, ISIS declared itself a Caliphate, resurrecting the ancient empire of Islam, and proceeded to threaten Baghdad, the capital of Iraq. Thousands of jihadists (religious revolutionaries) joined ISIS, some from the United States; and scattered extremist groups from North Africa to Southeast Asia pledged allegiance to ISIS and adopted its black flag. The Caliphate, under its leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, imposed a brutal Sunni Muslim law in the conquered territories, and hooded warriors beheaded Western journalists, local Christians and Shiite (non-Sunni) Muslims, captured in terrifying videos that went viral on the Internet. Ben Rhodes, the Deputy National Security Adviser to President Obama, identified the threat to the United States: “They are seeking to establish themselves as the vanguard terrorist organization that is at war with the U.S. and the West on behalf of Islam.”1
What causes a conflict of this sort? And what can be done about it? As students of international relations, we start with the facts, but we have to be careful. There are so many facts, and we can’t know them all or know for certain which ones may be the most important ones that cause other things to happen. Let’s look at what appear to be the salient facts in the case of ISIS and then make a first stab at how we sort out the facts and causes of international events to understand them better.
Syria and Iraq are centrally located in the geographically strategic region of the Middle East. They are Muslim countries that border the Mediterranean Sea, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Turkey. Both Eastern and Western empires have occupied this region. Christian crusaders invaded in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, and the region was part of the Ottoman Empire for several centuries. The first Muslim Caliphate dated from the thirteenth century. After World War I and the collapse of the Caliphate, Syria became a colonial territory under French administration, while Iraq became a British colony. Both became independent nations after World War II. After World War II, oil became a major resource in the Middle East. Western companies monopolized oil production and remain today major economic players in the region even though the oil-producing states now control their own oil and influence global oil markets through the Organization of Petroleum .
The document summarizes the current US policy and alternatives for addressing the Islamic State (ISIS) militant group. The US is leading a coalition to degrade and destroy ISIS through military airstrikes against ISIS targets in Iraq and Syria, training and equipping Iraqi and Kurdish forces, and disrupting ISIS's financing. However, the Obama administration refuses to coordinate with the Syrian regime. The US has conducted over 2,000 airstrikes and deployed 3,100 military personnel to train Iraqi forces. It is also providing weapons and aid to Kurdish peshmerga forces. The goal is to support local forces in retaking ISIS-controlled territory and limiting the group's resources and ability to operate
The document provides an overview of the ongoing conflict in Syria since 2011. It began as pro-democracy protests against President Bashar al-Assad but escalated into a civil war. Many Syrians were dissatisfied with high unemployment, corruption, lack of freedoms, and repression under Assad. The conflict has drawn involvement from international actors supporting either the Assad regime or rebel groups. Over 450,000 people have been killed and millions displaced as fighting continues between government forces, rebels, and terrorist organizations. Efforts to restore peace have been unsuccessful so far.
This document summarizes key information about the terrorist group ISIS and lessons that can be learned from historical analysis of terrorism. It describes ISIS's capabilities, including its demonstrated ability to fight and control territory in Iraq and Syria, establish governance structures, and generate funding through oil sales and taxation. The document also notes ISIS's willingness to commit atrocities like beheadings. It argues that ISIS represents a unique threat due to its state-building ambitions and that combating the group will test the US's ability to address future asymmetric threats that control territory and populations. The document concludes by outlining lessons from history that could inform how the US responds to ISIS, such as providing long-term military support to local forces and addressing
Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS)Nitin Sharma
The document discusses the rise of ISIS in Iraq and Syria and potential threats posed. It provides background on how ISIS formed from al-Qaeda in Iraq and took control of territory across Iraq and Syria. Six potential scenarios for the future of Iraq are outlined, ranging from protracted civil war to ISIS gaining control of the entire country. The document also discusses how ISIS aims to establish a caliphate and how their actions could impact neighboring countries and threaten global security. Measures to counter ISIS are mentioned, including training local ground forces in Iraq to conduct operations to push ISIS from cities.
The document summarizes the rise of ISIS in Iraq and the ongoing conflict between Sunni and Shia sects. It describes how ISIS seized Mosul and other cities in Iraq in June 2014, exploiting Sunni discontent with the Shia-led government. ISIS seeks to establish an Islamic caliphate governed by Sharia law and now controls large parts of Iraq and Syria, posing a threat to the region, Western interests, and South Asia. Efforts are needed to curb ISIS's growing territorial control and prevent the conflict from engulfing the entire Muslim world.
The Islamic State, also known as ISIS, controls territory in Iraq and Syria and seeks to establish a caliphate governed by its extreme interpretation of Sharia law. It has grown into a well-funded military organization with over 17,000 fighters and controls key infrastructure. The international community has responded by forming a coalition to counter ISIS through airstrikes, supporting local forces, cutting off financing, and addressing the humanitarian crisis.
1) The document discusses the rise of the Islamic State (IS) militant group and the potential terrorism risk they pose. It traces their origins from Al Qaeda in Iraq and expansion across Syria and Iraq in recent years.
2) The IS now controls significant territory and resources in the region and has established itself as a "caliphate", though no country recognizes it as a sovereign state. It generates revenue through oil assets and other means.
3) While the immediate terrorism threat from IS abroad may be low as they focus on regional battles, involvement of Western countries could motivate IS to attack soft targets globally. IS recruits foreigners who could aid international attacks, and their social media propaganda aids recruitment.
Introduction Why We Disagree about International RelationsIn A.docxnormanibarber20063
Introduction Why We Disagree about International Relations
In April, 2015, ISIS militants pose with their banner in a suburb of Damascus, Syria, that they had just partially captured. What has caused the rise of ISIS, and what can be done to counter it?
Photo by Balkis Press/Sipa USA (Sipa via AP Images)
In spring 2014, an Islamic army known as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) swarmed across northern Syria and Iraq conquering territory larger than Belgium, including Iraq’s second largest city of Mosul. Also known as the Islamic State (IS), Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), and Daesh, its Arab label, ISIS declared itself a Caliphate, resurrecting the ancient empire of Islam, and proceeded to threaten Baghdad, the capital of Iraq. Thousands of jihadists (religious revolutionaries) joined ISIS, some from the United States; and scattered extremist groups from North Africa to Southeast Asia pledged allegiance to ISIS and adopted its black flag. The Caliphate, under its leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, imposed a brutal Sunni Muslim law in the conquered territories, and hooded warriors beheaded Western journalists, local Christians and Shiite (non-Sunni) Muslims, captured in terrifying videos that went viral on the Internet. Ben Rhodes, the Deputy National Security Adviser to President Obama, identified the threat to the United States: “They are seeking to establish themselves as the vanguard terrorist organization that is at war with the U.S. and the West on behalf of Islam.”1
What causes a conflict of this sort? And what can be done about it? As students of international relations, we start with the facts, but we have to be careful. There are so many facts, and we can’t know them all or know for certain which ones may be the most important ones that cause other things to happen. Let’s look at what appear to be the salient facts in the case of ISIS and then make a first stab at how we sort out the facts and causes of international events to understand them better.
Syria and Iraq are centrally located in the geographically strategic region of the Middle East. They are Muslim countries that border the Mediterranean Sea, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Turkey. Both Eastern and Western empires have occupied this region. Christian crusaders invaded in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, and the region was part of the Ottoman Empire for several centuries. The first Muslim Caliphate dated from the thirteenth century. After World War I and the collapse of the Caliphate, Syria became a colonial territory under French administration, while Iraq became a British colony. Both became independent nations after World War II. After World War II, oil became a major resource in the Middle East. Western companies monopolized oil production and remain today major economic players in the region even though the oil-producing states now control their own oil and influence global oil markets through the Organization of Petroleum .
The document summarizes the current US policy and alternatives for addressing the Islamic State (ISIS) militant group. The US is leading a coalition to degrade and destroy ISIS through military airstrikes against ISIS targets in Iraq and Syria, training and equipping Iraqi and Kurdish forces, and disrupting ISIS's financing. However, the Obama administration refuses to coordinate with the Syrian regime. The US has conducted over 2,000 airstrikes and deployed 3,100 military personnel to train Iraqi forces. It is also providing weapons and aid to Kurdish peshmerga forces. The goal is to support local forces in retaking ISIS-controlled territory and limiting the group's resources and ability to operate
The document provides an overview of the ongoing conflict in Syria since 2011. It began as pro-democracy protests against President Bashar al-Assad but escalated into a civil war. Many Syrians were dissatisfied with high unemployment, corruption, lack of freedoms, and repression under Assad. The conflict has drawn involvement from international actors supporting either the Assad regime or rebel groups. Over 450,000 people have been killed and millions displaced as fighting continues between government forces, rebels, and terrorist organizations. Efforts to restore peace have been unsuccessful so far.
Crisis_in_syria,how problem and conflict was started_pptx.pptxsadafshahbaz7777
The document provides an overview of the crisis in Syria through a group presentation. It begins with introductions and then covers key points such as:
1) The crisis started in 2011 as part of the Arab Spring and has since morphed into a multi-sided armed conflict involving international interventions.
2) The conflict is primarily between government loyalist forces supporting President Bashar al-Assad and various anti-Assad rebel groups, including al-Qaeda affiliates.
3) The crisis has led to massive instability, millions of refugees, and the rise of ISIS throughout the region. External countries including Iran, Russia, the U.S. and others have intervened and supported opposing sides, prolonging
The document discusses the long term survival of ISIS and the threat it poses to the United States. It finds that ISIS will remain a security concern for at least 5 years due to its access to recruits worldwide, including in the US and Europe. ISIS also has significant revenue sources from oil sales and extortion that will allow it to maintain influence. Additionally, instability in Syria, Iraq, Libya and Yemen provides safe havens for ISIS operations and recruits. The biggest threat to the US is the potential for lone wolf attacks inspired by ISIS propaganda. The document recommends supporting Kurdish forces against ISIS, disrupting ISIS communications networks, and monitoring potential domestic threats.
View the latest commentary on Iraq from The PRS Group. Now more a decade on from the overthrow of Saddam Hussein, Iraq remains deeply troubled by dangerous ethnic and sectarian divisions, woeful security conditions, and chronic political instability in Baghdad that has undermined the
This document discusses four key issues in the Middle East: Islamic fundamentalism, water resources, the Kurds, and Iran's role in regional stability. It provides background on each topic, including how Islamic fundamentalism has led to increased support for radical Islamist groups. It also explains ongoing conflicts over water rights and the Kurdish peoples' long struggle for independence across multiple countries. Finally, it discusses Iran's efforts to export radical ideology and influence Islamist movements, threatening regional stability.
The Syrian Civil War began in 2011 with anti-government protests against President Bashar al-Assad before escalating into a full-scale civil war. Over 450,000 Syrians have been killed and more than 11 million displaced as forces loyal to Assad battle opposition groups. The war involves four overlapping conflicts between Assad and opposition forces, Syria's Kurdish minority, the Islamic State, and foreign countries intervening to support various factions. Six years after protests began, the war continues with no end in sight as the humanitarian crisis worsens.
Saudi Arabia’s fight Against ISISIslamic State of Iraq and Syr.docxkenjordan97598
Saudi Arabia’s fight Against ISIS
Islamic State of Iraq and Syria or rather ISIS can only be understood well if the origin and formation principles are sought. Zack’s article plays a role in showing the formation of the group. ISIS was formed as an extremist group after the war in Iraq started. The article illustrates that The United States, Gulf monarchs such as Saudi Arabia have played a role in the formation of ISIS. The article cites that ISIS is a movement formed by Sunnis who felt oppressed in Iraq after the fall of Saddam. They decided to hit back at Nour-Al Malik who favored Shiites over Sunnis. Al Malik used Saddam’s laws to demonize Sunnis and they had no alternative except joining ISIS. Most Sunnis fear that Al-Malik will not treat them well and he will always give preferential treatment to the majority Shiites. The effect is to frustrate his governance. Over the years, the Sunnis have been denied from demonstrating, going for government positions, openly expressing their democratic rights and even worship. They moved fast and joined efforts to form ISIS as a way of fighting the Iraq government. The article raises the question that the conflict in Iraq and Syria which was propagated by the United States and Gulf monarchs such as Jordan, Emirates and Saudi Arabia. Iraq Sunnis support the ISIS, but the Saudi government is eliciting fears on the entry of the movement into the nation.
Jonathan Broder’s article explains why Saudi Arabia fears ISIS. He offers the rationale behind Saudi Arabia’s urgency and response to eliminate ISIS. Saudi Arabia realized that all is not well when General Ouda al-Behawi, a commander of Saudi forces in the Northern region was killed by ISIS fighters. The article points that ISIS must have received a tip from people close to the General. Broder’s article raises the question on why Saudi Arabians support ISIS. ISIS is supported by Saudi Arabians in lower ranks see the movement as a champion of Sunni’s rights, and will revenge against the corrupt royal family. Broder’s article gives critical information on Saudi’s airstrikes on ISIS strongholds. Senior intelligence officers have gone to Washington to seek information and tactics on countering ISIS. Saudi is also training more than 5000 Syrian rebels to hit on ISIS. The killing of General Oudah sparked Saudi Arabia’s war against ISIS, which involves many efforts such as regional support and talks, fencing, among others, which will be discussed in the paper.
Micah Halpen’s article pinpoints the need for unity in Arab States in the fight against ISIS. Egypt, Jordan and Saudi Arabia must stand in a coalition and fight ISIS. The main role of the article is to show the way shared intelligence is one of the most critical points in eliminating ISIS. Arab nations must act as a block or else ISIS will take up their states and lead with extremism. The article also questions on the role of Iran in fighting ISIS. Iran has always been on the forefront against ISIS giv.
The document discusses ISIS's involvement in the civil wars in Iraq and Syria since April 2013. It analyzes whether the conflicts should be considered a single religious civil war involving ISIS or separate from the pre-existing wars in each country. The author argues that ISIS's goal of establishing a transnational caliphate and confrontation of governments in both countries makes its involvement a new religious civil war spanning Iraq and Syria. The war risks destabilizing the region and spreading jihadist rule. While the U.S. has taken several steps in response, they have not eradicated the ISIS threat or sought a resolution in Syria.
Syria policy brief articulating the developing situation in Syria (early August), along with the action steps the US should take in support the Syrian revolution.
www.AllianceForSyria.org
The document summarizes the rise of ISIS in Iraq and Syria. It analyzes the political and cultural factors that enabled ISIS's growth, including tensions between Sunni and Shia groups, oppression of Sunnis by the Iraqi government, and ISIS's use of effective propaganda and reliable funding sources. The document also discusses ongoing military efforts against ISIS and complications for achieving long-term stability in the region without addressing underlying ethnic and religious divisions.
1) The document discusses the arming of Iraqi security forces by countries like the US, Iran, and Russia in an effort to stem the advance of ISIS in Iraq.
2) It outlines US efforts to modernize and train the Iraqi security forces since 2003, but notes the forces have struggled with sectarianism and faced challenges in countering ISIS.
3) Iran has also played a significant role in arming and advising Iraqi security forces and Shiite militias in their fight against ISIS, expanding Iranian influence in Iraq.
t is clear to anyone with a half brain by now that President Obama has not offered a cohesive strategy for fighting ISIS. Since 2010, his determination to disengage from Iraq and Syria was evident in his refusal to assist the Free Syrian Army and keep U.S. forces in Iraq beyond 2011.
1) The document analyzes the likelihood of an independent Kurdish state emerging within the next 10-15 years.
2) It argues that the Kurdish region has established the basic characteristics of statehood - a defined territory, population, government, and displays of sovereignty through the Peshmerga military's defense against ISIS.
3) International support, a continued Peshmerga victory over ISIS, and the will of the Kurdish people are key assumptions for full Kurdish independence to be realized in the coming decade according to the analysis.
The document summarizes recent political developments in Yemen, Iran, Somalia, and Pakistan. In Yemen, the death of former president Ali Abdullah Saleh led to splintering within the General People's Congress party. In Iran, recent anti-government protests have lost momentum due to crackdowns by security forces and lack of centralized leadership among protesters. In Somalia, escalating tensions between the federal government and the powerful Habar Gedir clan are destabilizing the central government. In Pakistan, Islamist political parties are leveraging tensions between the US and Pakistan to gain popularity ahead of 2018 elections.
The document discusses the ongoing conflict in Syria and factors impeding its resolution. It notes that the 2011 uprising continues as a bloody stalemate with no end in sight. Three main elements are preventing a solution: 1) Syria's refugee crisis which has displaced over 10 million people within and outside the country, overwhelming neighboring states; 2) the fragmented rebel factions fighting each other as much as Assad and the rise of extremist groups like ISIS; 3) third party interventions that have lengthened the conflict by shifting power balances and potentially funding more radical groups within rebel alliances. These three elements portend a grim future for Syria.
The document summarizes the ongoing civil war in Syria between supporters of the government and rebel groups. It notes that the Syrian government is accused of using chemical weapons and that Israel is caught in the conflict but not officially involved. It discusses how the US is getting involved through Secretary of State Kerry meeting with Russia to discuss plans of attack and a proposed bill to provide arms and training to vetted rebel groups along with $250 million in support.
The document summarizes the ongoing civil war in Syria between supporters of the government and rebel groups. It notes that the Syrian government is accused of using chemical weapons and that Israel is caught in the conflict but not officially involved. The US is getting involved by discussing plans for a potential attack with Russia and supporting rebel groups with arms, training, and supplies through a proposed $250 million fund.
The Syrian Civil War began in 2011 as pro-democracy protests that were violently crushed by President Bashar al-Assad, leading to armed rebellion. The war escalated and involved multiple factions including the Syrian government backed by Russia and Iran, rebel groups backed by Western nations and Gulf states, and jihadist groups like ISIS. Over 350,000 people have been killed in the complex multi-sided war that continues today and has had devastating humanitarian and geopolitical consequences.
The document summarizes security developments in Yemen, Somalia, Libya, the Maghreb, and the Sahel region over the past month based on intelligence reports. It notes increased Iranian support for Houthi rebels in Yemen and clashes between militant groups in Libya, Somalia, and Mali. Contact information is also provided for analysts from AEI's Critical Threats Project who study security issues in these regions.
यूजीसी-नेट और NEET परीक्षा (कई अन्य के अलावा, 2018 तक सीबीएसई द्वारा आयोजित की जाती थी, जो भारत में सार्वजनिक और निजी स्कूलों के लिए एक राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा बोर्ड था (और है), जिसे भारत सरकार द्वारा नियंत्रित और प्रबंधित किया जाता था।
#WenguiGuo#WashingtonFarm Guo Wengui Wolf son ambition exposed to open a far...rittaajmal71
Since fleeing to the United States in 2014, Guo Wengui has founded a number of projects in the United States, such as GTV Media Group, GTV private equity, farm loan project, G Club Operations Co., LTD., and Himalaya Exchange.
Crisis_in_syria,how problem and conflict was started_pptx.pptxsadafshahbaz7777
The document provides an overview of the crisis in Syria through a group presentation. It begins with introductions and then covers key points such as:
1) The crisis started in 2011 as part of the Arab Spring and has since morphed into a multi-sided armed conflict involving international interventions.
2) The conflict is primarily between government loyalist forces supporting President Bashar al-Assad and various anti-Assad rebel groups, including al-Qaeda affiliates.
3) The crisis has led to massive instability, millions of refugees, and the rise of ISIS throughout the region. External countries including Iran, Russia, the U.S. and others have intervened and supported opposing sides, prolonging
The document discusses the long term survival of ISIS and the threat it poses to the United States. It finds that ISIS will remain a security concern for at least 5 years due to its access to recruits worldwide, including in the US and Europe. ISIS also has significant revenue sources from oil sales and extortion that will allow it to maintain influence. Additionally, instability in Syria, Iraq, Libya and Yemen provides safe havens for ISIS operations and recruits. The biggest threat to the US is the potential for lone wolf attacks inspired by ISIS propaganda. The document recommends supporting Kurdish forces against ISIS, disrupting ISIS communications networks, and monitoring potential domestic threats.
View the latest commentary on Iraq from The PRS Group. Now more a decade on from the overthrow of Saddam Hussein, Iraq remains deeply troubled by dangerous ethnic and sectarian divisions, woeful security conditions, and chronic political instability in Baghdad that has undermined the
This document discusses four key issues in the Middle East: Islamic fundamentalism, water resources, the Kurds, and Iran's role in regional stability. It provides background on each topic, including how Islamic fundamentalism has led to increased support for radical Islamist groups. It also explains ongoing conflicts over water rights and the Kurdish peoples' long struggle for independence across multiple countries. Finally, it discusses Iran's efforts to export radical ideology and influence Islamist movements, threatening regional stability.
The Syrian Civil War began in 2011 with anti-government protests against President Bashar al-Assad before escalating into a full-scale civil war. Over 450,000 Syrians have been killed and more than 11 million displaced as forces loyal to Assad battle opposition groups. The war involves four overlapping conflicts between Assad and opposition forces, Syria's Kurdish minority, the Islamic State, and foreign countries intervening to support various factions. Six years after protests began, the war continues with no end in sight as the humanitarian crisis worsens.
Saudi Arabia’s fight Against ISISIslamic State of Iraq and Syr.docxkenjordan97598
Saudi Arabia’s fight Against ISIS
Islamic State of Iraq and Syria or rather ISIS can only be understood well if the origin and formation principles are sought. Zack’s article plays a role in showing the formation of the group. ISIS was formed as an extremist group after the war in Iraq started. The article illustrates that The United States, Gulf monarchs such as Saudi Arabia have played a role in the formation of ISIS. The article cites that ISIS is a movement formed by Sunnis who felt oppressed in Iraq after the fall of Saddam. They decided to hit back at Nour-Al Malik who favored Shiites over Sunnis. Al Malik used Saddam’s laws to demonize Sunnis and they had no alternative except joining ISIS. Most Sunnis fear that Al-Malik will not treat them well and he will always give preferential treatment to the majority Shiites. The effect is to frustrate his governance. Over the years, the Sunnis have been denied from demonstrating, going for government positions, openly expressing their democratic rights and even worship. They moved fast and joined efforts to form ISIS as a way of fighting the Iraq government. The article raises the question that the conflict in Iraq and Syria which was propagated by the United States and Gulf monarchs such as Jordan, Emirates and Saudi Arabia. Iraq Sunnis support the ISIS, but the Saudi government is eliciting fears on the entry of the movement into the nation.
Jonathan Broder’s article explains why Saudi Arabia fears ISIS. He offers the rationale behind Saudi Arabia’s urgency and response to eliminate ISIS. Saudi Arabia realized that all is not well when General Ouda al-Behawi, a commander of Saudi forces in the Northern region was killed by ISIS fighters. The article points that ISIS must have received a tip from people close to the General. Broder’s article raises the question on why Saudi Arabians support ISIS. ISIS is supported by Saudi Arabians in lower ranks see the movement as a champion of Sunni’s rights, and will revenge against the corrupt royal family. Broder’s article gives critical information on Saudi’s airstrikes on ISIS strongholds. Senior intelligence officers have gone to Washington to seek information and tactics on countering ISIS. Saudi is also training more than 5000 Syrian rebels to hit on ISIS. The killing of General Oudah sparked Saudi Arabia’s war against ISIS, which involves many efforts such as regional support and talks, fencing, among others, which will be discussed in the paper.
Micah Halpen’s article pinpoints the need for unity in Arab States in the fight against ISIS. Egypt, Jordan and Saudi Arabia must stand in a coalition and fight ISIS. The main role of the article is to show the way shared intelligence is one of the most critical points in eliminating ISIS. Arab nations must act as a block or else ISIS will take up their states and lead with extremism. The article also questions on the role of Iran in fighting ISIS. Iran has always been on the forefront against ISIS giv.
The document discusses ISIS's involvement in the civil wars in Iraq and Syria since April 2013. It analyzes whether the conflicts should be considered a single religious civil war involving ISIS or separate from the pre-existing wars in each country. The author argues that ISIS's goal of establishing a transnational caliphate and confrontation of governments in both countries makes its involvement a new religious civil war spanning Iraq and Syria. The war risks destabilizing the region and spreading jihadist rule. While the U.S. has taken several steps in response, they have not eradicated the ISIS threat or sought a resolution in Syria.
Syria policy brief articulating the developing situation in Syria (early August), along with the action steps the US should take in support the Syrian revolution.
www.AllianceForSyria.org
The document summarizes the rise of ISIS in Iraq and Syria. It analyzes the political and cultural factors that enabled ISIS's growth, including tensions between Sunni and Shia groups, oppression of Sunnis by the Iraqi government, and ISIS's use of effective propaganda and reliable funding sources. The document also discusses ongoing military efforts against ISIS and complications for achieving long-term stability in the region without addressing underlying ethnic and religious divisions.
1) The document discusses the arming of Iraqi security forces by countries like the US, Iran, and Russia in an effort to stem the advance of ISIS in Iraq.
2) It outlines US efforts to modernize and train the Iraqi security forces since 2003, but notes the forces have struggled with sectarianism and faced challenges in countering ISIS.
3) Iran has also played a significant role in arming and advising Iraqi security forces and Shiite militias in their fight against ISIS, expanding Iranian influence in Iraq.
t is clear to anyone with a half brain by now that President Obama has not offered a cohesive strategy for fighting ISIS. Since 2010, his determination to disengage from Iraq and Syria was evident in his refusal to assist the Free Syrian Army and keep U.S. forces in Iraq beyond 2011.
1) The document analyzes the likelihood of an independent Kurdish state emerging within the next 10-15 years.
2) It argues that the Kurdish region has established the basic characteristics of statehood - a defined territory, population, government, and displays of sovereignty through the Peshmerga military's defense against ISIS.
3) International support, a continued Peshmerga victory over ISIS, and the will of the Kurdish people are key assumptions for full Kurdish independence to be realized in the coming decade according to the analysis.
The document summarizes recent political developments in Yemen, Iran, Somalia, and Pakistan. In Yemen, the death of former president Ali Abdullah Saleh led to splintering within the General People's Congress party. In Iran, recent anti-government protests have lost momentum due to crackdowns by security forces and lack of centralized leadership among protesters. In Somalia, escalating tensions between the federal government and the powerful Habar Gedir clan are destabilizing the central government. In Pakistan, Islamist political parties are leveraging tensions between the US and Pakistan to gain popularity ahead of 2018 elections.
The document discusses the ongoing conflict in Syria and factors impeding its resolution. It notes that the 2011 uprising continues as a bloody stalemate with no end in sight. Three main elements are preventing a solution: 1) Syria's refugee crisis which has displaced over 10 million people within and outside the country, overwhelming neighboring states; 2) the fragmented rebel factions fighting each other as much as Assad and the rise of extremist groups like ISIS; 3) third party interventions that have lengthened the conflict by shifting power balances and potentially funding more radical groups within rebel alliances. These three elements portend a grim future for Syria.
The document summarizes the ongoing civil war in Syria between supporters of the government and rebel groups. It notes that the Syrian government is accused of using chemical weapons and that Israel is caught in the conflict but not officially involved. It discusses how the US is getting involved through Secretary of State Kerry meeting with Russia to discuss plans of attack and a proposed bill to provide arms and training to vetted rebel groups along with $250 million in support.
The document summarizes the ongoing civil war in Syria between supporters of the government and rebel groups. It notes that the Syrian government is accused of using chemical weapons and that Israel is caught in the conflict but not officially involved. The US is getting involved by discussing plans for a potential attack with Russia and supporting rebel groups with arms, training, and supplies through a proposed $250 million fund.
The Syrian Civil War began in 2011 as pro-democracy protests that were violently crushed by President Bashar al-Assad, leading to armed rebellion. The war escalated and involved multiple factions including the Syrian government backed by Russia and Iran, rebel groups backed by Western nations and Gulf states, and jihadist groups like ISIS. Over 350,000 people have been killed in the complex multi-sided war that continues today and has had devastating humanitarian and geopolitical consequences.
The document summarizes security developments in Yemen, Somalia, Libya, the Maghreb, and the Sahel region over the past month based on intelligence reports. It notes increased Iranian support for Houthi rebels in Yemen and clashes between militant groups in Libya, Somalia, and Mali. Contact information is also provided for analysts from AEI's Critical Threats Project who study security issues in these regions.
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ISIS-and-The-Middle-East.pptx
1. Queen’s Global Markets
A PREMIER UNDERGRADUATE THINK-TANK
ISIS and the Middle East
Kyle Butler | Allan Lee | Sarah Fadel | Shahaan Azhar
10.29.2014
The Fate of Hegemony in the Middle East
2. 2
QGM
Agenda
1. Religion and the War on Terror
2. Current ISIS Operations
3. Key Players: strategic interests in the Middle East
4. Conclusions & Predictions
3. 3
QGM
Geographic Breakdown of Ideologies
Religious discrepancies in the Middle East insinuate conflict
Source: The Shia Revival
4. 4
QGM
The War on Terror: U.S.’ Failure
The United States made a number of decisions which resulted in its failure in the “war on terror”
Ignoring Key Players Ineffective Iraqi Government
Source: Huffington Post
The US failed to deal with two key players during the
climax of the war on terror: Saudi Arabia and
Pakistan
Donors from Saudi Arabia have contributed the
majority of funds to Sunni terrorist groups worldwide
In addition Bin Laden was a member of the Saudi
elite as well his father was an associate of the Saudi
monarch
Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence assisted in the
evacuation of thousands of top commanders of both
the Taliban and Al Qaeda
The US failed to confront both of these players
because they are important American allies
Saudi Arabia is a key market for American arms as
well a key source of oil
The US bears a large amount of responsibility for
political turmoil that has occurred in Iraq
US put a tremendous amount of pressure on
Baghdad to complete its transformation to a
inclusive democratic government
American officials including Vice President Joe
Biden and Brett McGurk supported Maliki over
other candidates
The Obama administration had been pushing out
Maliki since June which resulted in another
rushed appointment of al-Abadi
America has tried to rush the Iraqi political
process which has resulted in the poor results
5. 5
QGM
Iraq’s Leadership
Will Iraq’s new leadership result in change?
Saddam Hussein Nouri al-Maliki Haider al-Abadi
Source: BBC
Committed vast atrocities by
using chemical weapons
against Kurds and Shia citizens
during his thirty year tenure
Continual marginalization of
Kurdish and Shia population
fueled bitter animosity between
various sects
Deposition created an
opportunity for Iraqi Shias to
gain greater control of the
country
Maliki was elected, largely with
backing from the US, with the
goal of restoring peace
between the Iraqi factions
Instead, Maliki took the
occasion to seek revenge
against the Sunni brutalities by
handing over the majority of
legislative power to Shias
This has insinuated the current
crisis as ISIS gains support
from enraged Sunnis
New PM as mounting pressure
caused Maliki to resign
Abadi has the incredibly
difficult task to rebuild trust
between the Government,
Sunnis, and Kurds
Although he belongs to the
fairly extreme Dawa party, his
political stance during his
tenure was generally more
moderate than those of both
his predecessor and his party
Picture of Hussein Picture of Hussein
6. 6
QGM
ISIS Background
Beginnings of the world’s most radical extremist organization
ISIS Origins
Recent Uprising
Originally founded as Al Qaeda’s Iraqi offspring, but has separated due to differences in ideology regarding use
of brutality and force
After gaining much influence in the early 2000s, successful American lead strikes as well as local backlash for
ISIS brutality had all but decimated ISIS forces and support
As American troops withdrew, ISIS focused on prison breaks to free and recruit terrorists and Hussein’s ranks of
experienced ex-commanders
Vision of establishing an Islamic State based upon radical interpretation of Islam among Sunni majority districts
among Iraq, Syria, and beyond
Source: Wikipedia
Took advantage of civil war in Syria to recruit
members and promote extremist ideology
Victories against Syrian government provided
funding, weapons, and battle seasoned extremists
that allowed ISIS to confront Iraqi military
ISLAMIC STATE OF
IRAQ AND THE LEVANT
7. 7
QGM
ISIS Conquest
The speed and ruthlessness of the Iraq Northern Offensive caught the world off guard
Source: (Map) US Officials, Institute for the Study of War, The Long War Journal
8. 8
QGM
ISIS Conquest
The speed and ruthlessness of the Iraq Northern Offensive caught the world off guard
Iraq Northern Offensive
Source: (Map) US Officials, Institute for the Study of War, The Long War Journal
After capturing the major city of
Fallujah in January, the Iraqi
government halfheartedly
fought back with little success
In June, 800 ISIS militants
captured Mosul overnight
defeating 30,000+ Sunni
soldiers
ISIS overran Syrian and Iraqi
military bases as well
massacred villages at a time,
destroying the remaining
confidence in Iraqi soldiers
ISIS took advantage of panic to
attack multiple cities while Iraqi
army was in disarray
Map of ISIS conquests on June 23, with the majority of gains coming after June 5th
Mosul attack
9. 9
QGM
ISIS Power
Unprecedented military and financial resources for a terrorist organization
Key Resources
Source: (Map) Aaron Y. Zelin, International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation and Political Violence
Richest terrorist organization with over $1 billion
Large cache of US military arms, mortars, and
armored vehicles captured from fleeing Iraqi army
Steady stream of revenue from illicit business
activities
o I.e. Smuggling oil and gas, selling electricity to
Syrian government, collecting tax and ransom
o Many new recruits were attracted to ISIS due to
high wages that few jobs could provide
o Money used to buy black market weapons
Areas of Strength
Many battle hardened extremists with experience fighting
against Americans and Assad
Fast moving strikes in parallel with suicide attacks are
unpredictable tactics that are hard to fend against
Powerful social media campaign that instills fear in
opponents and attracts recruits that include foreign
jihadists
Professionally designed propaganda focuses on
marginalization and oppression of Sunnis by Shia and
has been used effectively to recruit and gain local support
o Extensively uses videos, magazines, and news to
promote ideology
10. 10
QGM
Current ISIS Situation
Halting ISIS and the counterattack
US Action
Source: Foreign Policy, Wikipedia, Vox.com
Obama’s ISIS Strategy
Repeatedly stressed “no boots on ground” policy and
stated that the conflict can only be resolved by Iraqis
US and allies have sent over military advisors and
launched coalition airstrikes against ISIS targets
Freeing ISIS held territory will be a long term
endeavor driven mainly by Iraqi forces
Counter Attack 1: Air Strikes
Main Defense Against ISIS Short Term
Air strikes has worked effectively in repelling large
scale ISIS attacks
Pipelines and refineries targeted to stop main source
of ISIS cash flow
Targets also include heavy artilleries and vehicles that
have delivered ISIS game changing firepower
Counter Attack 2: Local forces
Long Term Solution (6-12 months)
Iraqi army is mainly on the defensive but should hold
out well since the majority of Iraqi held territory is
now of Shia majority with loyal soldiers and tribes
Structural changes within the army will be required to
fix corruption, poor training, and moral before
launching offensive against ISIS
US currently arming and training fiercely patriotic
Kurdish and moderate Syrian rebels to fight ISIS
11. 11
QGM
Turkey
Despite public disapproval, privately Turkey stands to benefit from ISIS’
existence
Turkey will refuse to cooperate with NATO requests for military support
and access to its military base since ISIS allows Turkey to absolve itself
temporarily from its longstanding troubled relationship with the Turkish
Kurds, including the terrorist organization PKK (Kurdish Worker’s Party)
Turkey may help fight ISIS if a no-fly zone is established against the
Syrian regime, which would eliminate Assad’s strategic air power
advantage over rebels
We believe that Turkey’s desire to stifle Kurdish power outweighs its
desire to see the Assad regime topple and as such, Turkey will continue to
abstain from intervening in the fight against ISIS
Why the NATO nation is unwilling to fight ISIS
Turkey has been
criticized for its role as a
bystander
Source: Foreign Policy
Turkey’s Foreign Policy
12. 12
QGM
Syria
Opportunistic extremists intensify the battle for supremacy
Source: The Economist, BBC
A blessing in disguise
The power vacuum and armed
conflict allowed ISIS to easily capture
vast territory in Syria.
There has been widespread conflict
between various Sunni based rebel
groups and ISIS, although they share
the same goal.
The Syrian government will refrain
from directly fighting ISIS. Instead it
will conserve its resources and wait
for international forces to weaken the
group.
As the international coalition attacks
ISIS, the Syrian government can
consolidate its troops and eliminate
other Sunni groups vying for control
Ultimately, the Syrian government
will be an unlikely beneficiary of the
current conflict
13. 13
QGM
Saudi Arabia
The Gulf’s most powerful country remains fearful of reprisal
Source: Financial Times, Huffington Post
Current Operations
Future Actions Long-term effects
We believe that the Kingdom will side with Iran for the first time in its diplomatic history, since ISIS directly
undermines the Islamic beliefs that the Saudi state are built upon
The KSA has been funding Sunni factions to fight against Bashar Al- Assad’s Shia-led government for the past
three years in Syria without much success
Saudi Arabia will only remain impartial with Iran
until the conflict is over. Following the demise of
ISIS, it will once again resume its plan to debilitate
the Shia power
Riyadh will also devise a strategy to gain control of
Shia-ruled Syria in order to prevent the Iranian
alliance from forming
The Saudi government sees this as an opportunity
to consolidate the region and extend their powerful
influence
The kingdom will continue to support various
groups that seek to defeat the ISIS
However, Saudi will refrain from directly supplying
military, logistical, or intelligence-based resources
and assets out of apprehension regarding
repercussions from ultra-conservative nationals
14. 14
QGM
Iran
An unusual alliance convolutes an already complex situation
Source: Wall Street Journal, The Star
Iran’s mission is to create an alliance
between Shia-majority countries so that it
challenge regional powers
As a result of Iran’s long-term plans, Iran
was the first country to aid Iraq against
the ISIS assault
Iran will continue to quell the extremist
threat in Iraq using all means necessary.
It will also continue to support the Syrian
government against Sunni rebel groups
Iran will likely appear stronger after this
conflict. By helping get rid of extremist
Sunni rebel groups in both Iraq and Syria,
it will be in a position to further challenge
Saudi Arabia as the dominant player in
the region and will move closer to
creating a Shia alliance.
Iran’s Plan for a Shia Nexus
15. 15
QGM
The United States in the Middle East
America continues its decade-long struggle to establish stability given its deteriorating status as the world’s Moral Leader
Expected Foreign Policy The U.S. Juggling Act
We believe that American policy will be directed at
finding a U.S.-friendly government, whether
democratic or not, especially since most
democratically elected or militaristically enforced
governments in the region perpetuate extremist
Islamic regimes
America will attempt to leverage its diplomatic
relations with key players Iran, Israel and Saudi
Arabia to weaken the Assad Regime, and ultimately
remove the disorder that fuels ISIS’ operations
16. 16
QGM
Resolution of the Iranian Nuclear Crisis
Survival contingent on Instability
ISIS can only survive as long as there is
disorder amongst its neighbors, but once
that is resolved, the new status quo will
defeat it
ISIS itself has no ability to create the new
status quo
Iranian Nuclear Crisis
Resolution of Iranian nuclear issue will be
fundamental to order
Iranians feel threatened by the U.S. and
Saudi Arabia, so they support Assad in
Syria; they must feel secure before
abandoning Assad regime
Reconstitution of Iraq and Syria
A reconstituted Iraq and Syria will be strong
enough to topple ISIS and be more
successful at dealing with similar groups in
the future
The United States must work with regional players to resolve the Iranian nuclear program
How to Defeat ISIS Feasibility
The U.S. continues to be the global hegemon
U.S. can use its influence to achieve regional
order
The U.S. has already made unprecedented moves
towards accepting the Iranian Nuclear Program
Obama administration has engaged in serious
and positive discussions with Iran
American Policy can reasonably impose a loose
resolution between Israel, Saudi Arabia, and Iran
Unlike other issues such as the Palestinian-
Israeli conflict, Israel, Saudi Arabia and Iran
seem willing to cooperate on ISIS
In general, the costs of enforcing undemocratic
regimes weaken groups like ISIS over time.
History is on Democracy’s side in the long term
Editor's Notes
Key Takeaways
Religious Overview
The larger part of the Middle East is Sunni, with only Iran and Iraq having a majority Shia population
Meaningless Borders
Physical borders lack meaning, whereas separation is based on differences in beliefs
Political clashes
Although Syria is primarily Sunni, Syrian PM Bashar Al- Assad and his remaining government is Shia.
ISIS stands for the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, and has recently rebranded and referred to as IS - Islamic State
ISIS On The Offense
ISIS still attacking new targets daily though not as successfully due to air strikes
Increased use of suicide bombings attacks in battle reflects signs of desperation
Geographically important Anbar province (Sunni majority) between Syria and Baghdad still at risk of falling into ISIS hands
While Turkey has not directly aided ISIS despite accusations, they have allowed rebel fighters to cross freely in and out of the Turkey-Syria border
The Syrian civil war is ongoing, with over 190,000 casualties reported.
Saudi Arabia has long been accused of backing an array of Sunni groups that seek to advance the Kingdom’s agenda, both financially and legislatively
Saudi suffered severe backlash in 2003 when Islamists staged a ruthless attack on foreigners living in Riyadh. This led the royal family to tone down their rhetoric regarding conservative Islam
While the current conquest is to capture Iraq and Syria, a major goal for ISIS is to gain control of the eastern part of Saudi Arabia, which is where the holiest shrines in Islam are located
Historical Significance:
Iran and Iraq fought against each other in the first Persian war between 1980 – 1988
However, following the end of the Iraqi occupation, Iran has worked to rectify the relations between the two countries with the goal of strengthening the few Shia-ruling nations
Remarkable:
The current crisis has remarkably caused the US and other western countries to side with Iran. While these countries have acrimonious relations, they are united over their goal to topple the imminent extremist threat
Support:
Iran quickly dispatched members of the elite Quds Force and deployed several fighter jets
Iran is continuing to provide logistical, intelligence, and armed support to Iraq