Criminal Law: Means of Social Control
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Criminal law originated from early codes of conduct that aimed to regulate human behavior and avenge harm, such as the Code of Hammurabi. It evolved through various legal codes over centuries, including the Hittite laws, Code of Drakon, laws of Solon, and Rome's Twelve Tables. The Revised Penal Code of the Philippines was approved in 1930 and remains the primary source of criminal law today, consisting of definitions of crimes and corresponding punishments organized into titles. Criminal law has characteristics such as general applicability, territorial jurisdiction, prospective application, specificity, uniformity, and penal sanctions. Crimes are further classified as felonies, which can be intentional or culpable, and have circumstances that can aggra
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- 1. :MEANS OF SOCIAL CONTROL
- 2. What is Criminal Law? Defined as that branch of public law which defines crimes, treats of their nature and provides for their punishment. It is also sometime referred to as penal law.
- 3. How Criminal Laws originated? EARLY CODES CODE of Hammurabi The Hittites Code of Drakon Laws of Solon The Revised Penal Code Romes twelve tables Characteristics of Criminal Law
- 4. In prehistoric times there is no written laws to regulate human conduct, However, men still found ways to avenge themselves from harm and injury caused by another. They designed their own system of justice according to what they believed was right and fair base on their way of life, beliefs, and the norms of their times.
- 5. Hammurabi, the king of Babylon is recognized as the first codifier of laws. The Code is carved in stone provided the first comprehensive view of laws during his time. The provisions of the code were premised on the law of talion (lex taliones), or the principle of “an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth”. King Hammurabi
- 6. The Hittites existed about two centuries after the reign of Hammurabi and they eventually conquered Babylon, the laws of the Hittites may also be characterized as brutal just like the Code of Hammurabi, because they used death as punishment for many offenses.
- 7. This was codified by Drakon, an Athenian lawgiver in Athens, Greece, in seventh century BC. This is known as the ultimate in severity because of it’s severe penalties even for simple offenses.
- 8. Solon Solon is also an Athenian, was appointed archon and was given legislative powers. During his time he repealed almost all the laws of the code of Drakon and created laws that provided just punishment. He is one of the first to see that a lawgiver had to make laws that applied equally to all citizens and also saw that law of punishment had to maintain proportionality to the crimes committed. Solon is used to prefer to any member of the Senate of the Representatives.
- 9. Roman law began with the twelve tables which were written in the middle of the sixth century BC by the Decemvirs. It was written in tables of bronze and it became the foundation of all laws was created and new systems of justice were established. And as for long as men and society exist, laws would continue to evolve in order to adapt to the changing times and meet demands of society.
- 10. One of the resources of the Philippine criminal law is Act No. 3815 otherwise known as the Revised Penal Code or RPC .It was approved on December 8,1930 and became effective on January 1,1932. It remains enforceable up to this day, except for those provisions that have already been repealed through the passage of other special penal laws. It was translated from the original penal code by the Committee created by the virtue of Administrative Order 94 issued on October 18,1927 by the Department of Justice.
- 11. RPC is composed of two books: Book one and Book two. Book one consits of two parts: basic principles affecting criminal liability, Articles 1-20 and the provisions on penalties, Articles 21-113. Book two contains the felonies defined with the corresponding penalties and these are classified under different titles, Articles 114-365.
- 12. 1) It is general application or GENERALITY 2) It is territorial in character or TERRITORIALTY -Philippine Archipelago -Atmospheric water -Maritime Zone 3) It is prospective or irrestrospective or PROSPECTIVE 4) It is SPECIFIC and DEFINITE 5) It is uniform in application 6) There must be a penal sanction or punishment
- 13. A one way of classifying crime is according to the law violated, and one such classification is felony. Felony or delito is an act or omission punishable by law which is committed by means of dolo or deceit or culpa or fault and punishable by the RPC. Felonies committed by means of dolo or deceits are called intentional felonies while those committed by means of culpa or fault are called culpable felonies.
- 17. Jessie Crisosotomo Google.com Wikipedia.com Bing.com Intro to Criminology