✨ CREATIVE WRITING: ELEMENTS & TECHNIQUES OF POETRY 📘 I. ELEMENTS OF POETRY These are the building blocks that make up a poem: 1. Speaker The voice of the poem (not always the poet). Could be a person, animal, object, or fictional character. 2. Theme The main idea or message (e.g., love, loss, nature, freedom). 3. Tone The poet’s attitude or feeling (e.g., joyful, angry, hopeful, sorrowful). 4. Mood The feeling the reader gets (e.g., calm, tense, excited). 5. Form and Structure The shape and arrangement of the poem (e.g., stanza, line breaks, rhyme scheme). Examples: Haiku, Sonnet, Free Verse. 6. Sound Devices Tools that make poems musical: Rhyme – similar end sounds (night/light). Rhythm – the beat or flow of lines. Alliteration – repeating starting sounds (dark, deep, deadly). Assonance – repeating vowel sounds (light, fire, time). Onomatopoeia – sound words (bang, hiss, whisper).

1. ELEMENTS,
TECHNIQUES, AND
LITERARY DEVICES IN
SPECIFIC FORMS OF
POETRY
(HUMSS_CW/MP11/12-Ic-f-6)

2. WHAT IS POETRY?
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Poetry is the spontaneous
overflow of powerful
feelings: it takes its origin
from emotion recollected
in tranquility. – William
Wordsworth

3. WHAT IS POETRY?
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Poetry is not a turning
loose of emotion, but an
escape from emotions;
it is not the expression
of personality, but an
escape of personality. –
T.S. Eliot

4. WHAT IS
POETRY?
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•It can be defined as 'literature in a metrical form' or
'a composition forming rhythmic lines'. A poem is
something that follows a particular flow of rhythm
and meter.

5. ELEMENTS OF POETRY
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1. Form – is the arrangement words, lines,
verses, rhymes, and other features.
A poem may be free verse (lacks a consistent rhyme scheme, metrical
pattern, or musical form), blank verse (written with a precise), and
rhymed poetry (rhymes by definition but the scheme varies)

6. Three (3) most common types of poems
according to form:
• Lyric Poetry
It is any poem with a speaker who expresses
strong thoughts and feelings.
Examples:
▪Ode - is a tribute to its subject, although the subject
need not be dead, and has elaborated stanza pattern

7. Three (3) most common types of poems
according to form:
• Lyric Poetry
Examples:
▪Ode - is a tribute to its subject, although the subject need not
be dead, and has elaborated stanza pattern
▪Elegy - has no set metric pattern and is written to mourn and
reminisce the dead
▪ Sonnet - is a 14-line poem which focuses on the topic of love.

8. Three (3) most common types of poems
according to form:
• Narrative Poem
It is a poem that tells or narrates a story.
Examples:
▪Ballad - is a poem that is either poetic or musical
which tells the tales of ordinary people.
▪Epic - is lengthy and deals with the founding of a
nation or any heroic themes by a certain figure or
character from a distant past.

9. Three (3) most common types of poems
according to form:
• Descriptive Poem
It is a poem that describes the world that surrounds the
speaker which uses elaborate imagery and adjectives and
more personal and introspective than the lyric poetry.
Examples:
▪Pastoral Poetry – concerns the relationship between
human and the natural world.

10. ELEMENTS OF POETRY
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2. Imagery – is believed to be the only thing that
will make your poetry powerful and enticing.
These are mental pictures the poet creates through
language.

11. ELEMENTS OF POETRY
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3. Rhyme – is the repetition of similar sounds; the most
common kind of rhyme is the end rhyme which occurs at
the end of two or more lines.
Example:
The mountain is high
But you can’t take me higher.
The leaves are dry
And your hands are colder.
The rhyme
scheme of the
poem is abab.

12. ELEMENTS OF POETRY
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4. Sound – reinforces the meaning of the poem and
the rhythm goes along with it.
Two Sound Patterns:
▪Euphony - words are chosen for their soft consonant sounds and
melodious quality (L, O, S, SH, M, N, Y, W, U, PH, A)
She loves swimming and snorkeling.
▪Cacophony - words are chosen for their hard sounds and general
obnoxiousness (K, J, T, Q, V, C, X, G, Z, CH)
The King and Queen are chill.

13. Common types of sound play emphasize
individual sounds between and within words:
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- the repetition of initial sounds on the same line or stanza
Example: Catherine’s cute colorful collar
the repetition of vowel sounds (anywhere in the middle or end of a
line or stanza)
Example: Chilling while having chitchats
the repetition of consonant sounds (anywhere in the middle or end of
a line or stanza)
Example: She is prettier and better with Peter
words that sound like that which they describe
Example: Boom! Clap! Hiss! Roar!
Alliteration
Assonance-
Consonance:
Onomatopoeia:

14. Common types of sound play emphasize
individual sounds between and within words:
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Repetition: the repetition of entire lines or phrases to emphasize key
thematic ideas and feelings.
Parallel Structure: a form of repetition where the order of verbs and nouns is
repeated; it may involve exact words, but it more importantly repeats sentence
structure
Example: I can, I do, I will.

15. ELEMENTS OF POETRY
5. Line – is a very important part of a poetry for it is like one
sentence. It is unnecessary to put a period at the end of each line
since poetry does not conform to grammar rules.
Examples of poems classified in the number of lines:
1. Sonnet – 14 lines
2. Haiku – 3 line
3. Limerick – 5 lines
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16. SONNET

17. HAIKU

18. LIMERICK

19. LIMERICK

20. ELEMENTS OF POETRY
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6. Stanzas – are a series of lines grouped together and separated by an
empty line from other stanzas. It is a division in a poem named for
the number of lines it contains and are the equivalent of a paragraph
in an essay.
Example:
Couplet – two - line stanza
Triplet – Three-line stanza
Quatrain – four - line stanza
Sestet – six - line stanza
Septet – Seven-line stanza
Octave – eight - line stanza

21. The Road Not Taken
by: Robert Frost
Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveler, long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could
To where it bent in the undergrowth;

22. Then took the other, as just as fair,
And having perhaps the better claim,
Because it was grassy and wanted wear;
Though as for that the passing there
Had worn them really about the same,

23. And both that morning equally lay In
leaves no step had trodden black.
Oh, I kept the first for another day!
Yet knowing how way leads on to way,
I doubted if I should ever come back.

24. I shall be telling this with a sigh
Somewhere ages and ages hence:
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—
I took the one less traveled by,
And that has made all the difference.

25. TECHNIQUES AND LITERARY
DEVICES
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26. ANAPHORA
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The repeated use of word at the start of two or more
consecutive lines.
Class 10 poem- The Frog and the nightingale
Said the frog:” I tried to teach her, But she was a stupid creature- Far
too nervous, far too tense.
Far too prone to influence.
The word ‘Far’ is used in the beginning of two consecutive
lines.

27. ANTITHESIS
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Use of opposite words in close placement
Class 10 poem- The Frog and the nightingale
“Every night from dusk to dawn”
Meaning of dusk is sunrise and dawn is sunset. So the two opposite words are in close
placement.
“The voice of thunder declares my arrival;
The rainbow announces my departure.”
Meaning of arrival is to come and departure means to go. So the two opposite words are in close
placement

28. ASSONANCE
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The repetition of a vowel sound within a sentence.
Class 10 poem- Class 9 poem- Seven Ages
“All the world’s a stage and all the men and women merely
players:
They have their exits and entrances”
Use of sound ‘e’ (men, women, merely, players, exits and
entrances)
Class 9 poem- The duck and the Kangaroo
“Good gracious! How you hop!
Over the fields and the water too:
Use of sound ‘o’ (Good, you, hop, too)

29. CONSONANCE
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The repetition of a consonant sound in a sentence. It can
be at the beginning, middle or end of the word.
Class 10 poem – Not Marble Nor The Gilded Monuments
Than unswept stone, besmear’d with sluttish time
The use of consonant sound ‘s’ and ‘t’ in the beginning, middle
and end of the words.

30. HYPERBOLE
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It is a Greek word meaning “overcasting”. The use of
exaggeration to lay emphasis.
Class 10 poem- Ozymandias
“My name is Ozymandias, King of kings”
Here they have used hyperbole because Ozymandias refers himself as king of
the kings.

31. METAPHOR
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It is indirect comparison by highlighting a particular
quality of two things.
Poem- The song of the rain
“The field and cloud are lovers”
Here the poet is comparing field and cloud with lovers.
Poem- Seven Ages
“All the world’s a stage”
Here the poet has compared world with stage.

32. ONOMATOPOEIA
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It is the usage of sound words to create a dramatic effect.
Poem- The frog and the nightingale
“Once upon a time a frog
Croaked away in Bingle bog”
So, here the poet used the word ‘croaked’
which is a sound made by the frog

33. OXYMORON
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Two words together that are opposites but together mean
something.
▪Mud bath
▪Awfully pretty
▪Cold sweat

34. PERSONIFICATION
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It means to give human quality to an object or a non living
thing.
Poem- The song of the rain
“I am dotted silver threads dropped from heaven By
the gods. Nature then takes me, to adorn
Her fields and valleys.”
The poet has personified rain that describes itself as dotted silver threads from
heaven

35. REFRAIN
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A verse, a line, a set, or a group of lines that repeats, at
regular intervals, in different stanzas.
Poem- The duck and the Kangaroo
“Said the duck to the Kangaroo”
In this poem the sentence “Said the duck to the Kangaroo” was repeated a
regular intervals. It is different from repetition because here the repetition is
being done at regular intervals.

36. RHYME
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The usage of words in a way to create musical effect. It can be
internal rhyme or end rhyme.
Poem- The rime of the ancient mariner
“The guests are met, the feast is set:
May’st hear the merry din
Here the rhyming words are met and set “The
ship was cheered, the harbour cleared,
Merrily did we drop
Below the Kirk, below the hill,
Below the lighthouse top
Here the rhyming words are cheered-cleared
and drop-top

37. REPETITION
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It is the repeated use of a word of line to lay emphasis
SIMILE
It is the comparison between two things or persons by using
like or as.
Poem- Rime of the ancient mariner
“The bride hath paced into the hall,
Red as a rose is she”
Here the bride is compared with rose
by using ‘as’

38. SYNECDOCHE
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It is a word or phrase in which a part of something is used to
refer to the whole of it.
Poem- Ozymandias
“The hand that mocked them and the heart that fed”
Here the word hand is used to refer to the sculptor who made the statue of
Ozymandias and heart is used to refer to King Ozymandias who gave the
right expression for the statue.

39. TRANSFERRED EPITHET
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It is an adjective used with a noun refers to another noun.
Poem- The snake trying
“Pursuing stick”
Here it is not the stick that pursues, rather the person who carries it is
pursuing
Poem- snake
“Strange- scented shade”
Here ‘scented’ is used with shade but it is the tree that has the fragrance or the
scent and not the shade.

41. READ THE POEM BELOW. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS THAT
FOLLOW. WRITE ONLY THE LETTERS OF YOUR ANSWERS
IN YOUR ANSWER SHEET.
Trees
By Joyce Kilmer
I think that I shall never see
A poem lovely as a tree.
A tree whose hungry mouth is prest.
Against the earth’s sweet flowing breast.
A tree that looks at God all day, And lifts
her leafy arms to pray;
A tree that may in Summer wear
A nest of robins in her hair.
Upon whose bosom snow has lain;
Who intimately lives with rain.
Poems are made by fools like me,
But only God can make a tree.
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42. 1. The line ―A poem lovely as
a
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treies an
example of
.
Allusion
Metaphor
Simile
Symbolism

43. 2. The words see-tree, prest-breast
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show .
Form
Rhyme
Rhythm
Stanza

44. 3. A nest of robins in her hair;‖ (Line 8) and
―And lifts and leafy arms to pray‖ (line 6)
are examples of .
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Alliteratio
n
Metaphor
Symbolism
Theme

45. 4. A poem lovely as a tree, A tree whose hungry
mouth is prest, A tree that looks at God all day,
A tree that may in summer wear, but only
God can make a tree are lines that clearly
show
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Allusio
n
Repetition
Symbolism
Theme

46. 5. The poem Trees by Joyce Kilmer explains
that .
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God created humans
and trees.
God gave humans
trees to provide shade.
Humans are as
beautiful as trees.
Humans despite being
talented could not replicate
the beauty achieved by
nature.

47. IDENTIFY THE ELEMENT OF
POETRY DESCRIBED IN EACH OF
THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES.
1. It refers to the rhythm that
continuously repeats a single basic
pattern.
2. This refers to the selection of specific
words.
3. These refer to series of lines grouped
together and separated by an empty
line from other stanzas.
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48. IDENTIFY THE ELEMENT OF POETRY DESCRIBED
IN EACH OF THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES.
4. It is the variation or alternation of strong and weak syllables or
elements in the flow of speech.
5. These refer to the mental pictures the poet creates through
language.
6. This refers to the repetitive occurrence of identical or similar
sounding words usually found at the end of lines on poems or
songs.
7. It is the arrangement words, lines, verses, rhymes, and other
features.
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49. THANK YOU
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MECHEL P
. PURCA