When beginning to write, it is helpful to determine the patterns of development that are most effective for your purpose and audience. Some general patterns of development are: Cause and Effect details why something happens, what causes it, what are the effects and how it is related to something else. Classification and Division groups items into their parts or types. Compare and Contrast tells how something is like other things or how something is different from other things. Definition explains what something is in comparison to other members of its class, along with any limitations. Description details what something looks like and its characteristics. Exemplification provides typical cases or examples of something. Narration describes what, when, and where something happened. Persuasion describes an issue and your position or opinion on the subject. Process explains how something happened, how it works or how it is made.

1. Media Literacy.
Media Literacy as the ability
to access, analyze, evaluate,
and communicate information
in a variety of forms, including
print and non-print messages.

2. Technology Literacy.
Technology Literacy as the
understanding of the concepts
behind computing equipment,
network connectivity, and
application software;

3. the skills to responsibly use
appropriate technology to access,
synthesize, evaluate,
communicate, and create
information to solve problems
and improve learning in all
subject areas

4. Media and Information
Literacy.
The essential skills and
competencies that allow
individuals to engage with media
and other information providers
effectively,

5. Its purpose comes along with
effective sequencing order of
events in a chronological
order. Moreover, action words
and transitional words
characterized a narrative
paragraph.

6. Transitional words show the
change of actions of the
character(s) and connect events
in the story. For example,
afterwards, meanwhile, at
night, after, at present, next,
then, earlier, suddenly, before,
at last, meanwhile, eventually,

7. This pattern of development
gives characteristics or details
on what an object, a person or
a place looks like.
Description

8. When using this pattern, use
powerful and appropriate
adjectives and use effectively
the five senses (sight, smell,
taste, hear, touch) to create a
clear image on a reader’s
mind.

9. Objective description is used
in scientific writing to describe
factual and scientific
characteristics.

10. Subjective description is
used in fiction wherein a
writer uses his own
perspective to describe a
person, an event or a thing.

11. Adjective Word a word that
modifies or describes a noun
or pronoun.
-used to describe the qualities
of someone or something

12. Every summer, my brothers and I spend our vacation in my
Lola’s house. It always feels like my first home. It is already an
old house. You could already say it’s old because of the worn-
out fences. Still, I love spending my summer there. When you
go inside, that musty smell welcomes you or the smell of rice
cakes from the kitchen. Lola really loves to make rice cakes
and my favorite is ‘suman’. Every day is a fun day. My
brothers and I would either play in Lola’s backyard with her
dog, Bantay or we go to the river nearby. In the next morning,
she would then cook delicious meals and they’re all tasty.
Lola’s home is always a happy home.

13. The focus of this pattern is to
explain or give a
comprehensive understanding
of a concept, a term or an
idea.
Definition

14. To define a term, a writer
provides a general definition,
then gives clear details to
support. You may define a
term or a concept by its
characteristic, function,
example, origin or effect.

15. Scientific definition defines
concepts in the most factual
way.
Subjective definition defines
complex terms in a personal
way.

16. I was once asked by my college professor before, “What is
passion?” This is a typical question for a painter and an artist
like me. As they say, you will never excel as an artist if you
don’t have passion within you. What is ‘passion’? My teacher
once told me that passion comes from a Latin root ‘pati-‘,
meaning ‘suffering, or enduring’. From then on, my teacher
taught me that passion is not just something you earn in a
night or after studying arts. It’s something you have to learn
over the course of life. I then learned that passion is
something I need to learn to feel by enduring not just the
highs of life but also the downtimes. It also goes with loving
what I do.

17. Is a pattern of development
wherein a writer uses
examples to illustrate and
further explain an idea.
Exemplification

18. By this pattern, examples
used clarify more the general
idea in the paragraph.
Exemplification

19. divides and organizes ideas or
concepts in classes, groups
or categories based on
criteria and relationships
between the items.
Classification

20. divides and organizes ideas or
concepts in classes, groups
or categories based on
criteria and relationships
between the items.
Classification

21. Comparing means looking on
the similarities. Contrasting
means looking on the
differences.
Comparison and Contrast

22. as a pattern, discusses and
organizes ideas based on how
people, events, places and
things are similar or different
to one another.
Comparison and Contrast

23. Separately approach
describes the first
element then followed by
the second element.

24. Side by side approach
discusses both items
based on each point of
comparison and
contrast.

25. presents a problem that needs
to be resolved.
-states a concerning issue
then the solution should be
done to solve the issue.
Problem-Solution

26. has three main
parts: topic sentence, body
sentences and ending
sentence
Problem-Solution

27. describes an issue and states
his position in the issue.
Persuasion

28. The writer’s primary goal is to
convince the readers to agree
with the argument or claim
being raised, based from a
particular topic.

29. a persuasive paragraph has
topic sentences, body
sentences and concluding
sentences