✨ 1. IMAGERY Definition: Imagery is descriptive language that appeals to the five senses: sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch. It helps readers see, hear, feel, smell, or taste what’s happening in the story or poem. 🔹 Types of Imagery: Type Example Visual (Sight) The golden sun dipped below the horizon, painting the sky in hues of orange and violet. Auditory (Sound) The leaves rustled like whispers in the wind. Olfactory (Smell) The scent of freshly baked bread filled the room. Gustatory (Taste) Her lips curled at the bitter taste of burnt coffee. Tactile (Touch) The icy wind stung his cheeks like tiny needles. 📌 Tip: Use specific details. Instead of "flower," write "a red rose with dew on its petals." ✨ 2. DICTION Definition: Diction is the choice of words a writer uses. The right words set the tone, build imagery, and reflect a character’s personality or the mood of the piece. 🔹 Types of Diction: Type Example Formal The experiment yielded conclusive results, validating the hypothesis. Informal / Colloquial I dunno, man. That just feels off. Poetic Beneath the moon’s soft silver gaze, the sea sighed in sleep. Descriptive The ancient door creaked open, revealing a room draped in cobwebs and dust.

1. I M A G E RY, D I C T I O N , A N D F I G U R E S O F S
P E E C H

2. Use imagery, diction, figures of speech
and specific experiences to evoke
meaningful responses from readers
(HUMSS_CW/MP11/12-ia-b-4)

3. LESSON 1
IMAGERY, DICTION, AND FIGURES OF SPEECH
You are expected here to produce short paragraphs or vignettes
using imagery
, diction, figures of speech, and variations of language.
Specifically
, this module will help you to:
1.use imagery
, diction, figures of speech, and specific experiences
to evoke
meaningful responses from readers (HUMSS_CW/MP11/12-Ia-b-4)
2.analyze the imagery
, diction, figures of speech, and specific experiences
of the specific literary pieces.
3.write short paragraphs or vignettes using imagery
, diction, figures of
speech, and specific experiences.

5. Imagery as a general term covers the use of language to
represent objects, actions, feelings, thoughts, ideas, states of mind and
any sensory experience. Imagery creates mental pictures in the
reader as they read the text.
1. Visual Imagery
2. Gustatory
Imagery
3. Auditory Imagery
4. Olfactory
Imagery
5. T
actile Imagery

6. As the golden sun dipped below the horizon, its rays
painted the sky in fiery streaks of orange and crimson,
blending seamlessly into the deep indigo of the
approaching night. The island’s waves whispered
secrets to the shore, their foam-tipped edges glinting
like scattered diamonds under the fading light. A
gentle breeze carried the scent of salt and the faint
aroma of wild blossoms from the dense jungle, where
shadows danced among the emerald leaves. Above, a
flock of seabirds wheeled in graceful arcs, their
silhouettes etched against the burning canvas of the
twilight sky. It was a moment where nature seemed to
hold its breath, wrapping the world in a fragile,
fleeting stillness.

8. VISUAL IMAGERY engages the sense of sight. Descriptions
can be associated to Visual Imagery
. Physical attributes including
color, size, shape, lightness and darkness, shadows, and
shade are all part of visual imagery.
• She accepted the bouquet. It was filled with her favorite
flowers - white roses, purple irises, and soft sprays of
baby’s breath. The flowers swayed in the breeze, almost as
if they were dancing in her delight.
• Together, they sat at the shoreline. The shimmering sun
was sinking into the sea and, as it disappeared, she told
him they’d never meet again.

9. GUSTATORY IMAGERY engages the sense of taste. Flavors are
the considerations in gustatory imagery which includes the five
basic taste such as sweet, salty, bitter, sour, and umami—
as well as the textures and sensations tied to the act of eating.
•Sue thought she was biting into an orange
slice and was shocked as her mouth
exploded with the bitter taste of a lemon.
•The toothpaste at the dentist's office had
a sharp, strong, minty flavor
.

10. AUDITORY IMAGERY engages the sense of hearing. Sound
devices such as onomatopoeia and alliteration can help
create sounds in writing.
•Erick sat alone at the bench nearest the main door
so he wouldn't miss Via. The room was noisy. The
clang of heavy dishes glided from the kitchen. Ice
tinkled as it settled in his water glass. His watch
read 9:30. She wasn't coming.
•She awoke to the chirping of birds and the soft
whisper of a breeze as it passed through the tree
outside her window
.

11. OLFACTORY IMAGERY engages the sense of smell. Simile is
common in using olfactory imagery, because it lets writers to
compare a particular scent to common smells like dirt, grass,
manure, or roses. The use of scents and stinks are common
ways to use olfactory imagery.
The scent of “latik” when my mother cooks rice
cake
is really nostalgic to me.
The street going to their house stinks of manure
and the courtyard of urine, the stairwells stank of

12. TACTILE IMAGERY engages the sense of touch. The feel,
textures and many sensations a human being experiences
when touching something are associated in tactile imagery.
Differences in temperature is also a part of tactile imagery.
•When we quickly plunge into the cool water
, it took
our breath away and raised goose bumps to our
arms. We had had been swimming in this pond since
we were kids.
•The little puppy accosted me as he slobbered my
face with his wet and eager tongue.

13. An excerpt from Peter Redgrove’s Lazarus and the
Sea
contains imagery:
The tide of my death came whispering like
this Soiling my body with its tireless voice.
I scented the antique moistures when they
sharpened The air of my room, made the rough
wood of my bed, (most dear),
Standing out like roots in my tall grave.

14. QUESTIONS TO PONDER:
Among the sensory imagery, which is
easy to use in writing? Which one is
hard for you to use? What could be
the barrier in using sensory imageries
well in writing?

16. Diction refers to the selection of words in a literary work.
A work’s diction forms one of its centrally important
literary elements as writers use words to convey
action, reveal character
, imply attitudes, identify themes, and
suggest values. It includes the formality of the language, the
emotional content, the imagery
, the specificity, and the sounds
of the words.
1. Formal Diction
2. Informal Diction
3. Colloquial / Slang Diction

17. LEVELS EXAMPLES CHARACTERISTICS
Formal Money Academic / Scholarly
Language
Informal Cash Conversational Language
Colloquial /
Slang
Bucks Captures Regional Dialect

18. Example:
“I prize thy love more than whole mines of
gold, Or all the riches that East doth hold.”
- Anne Bradstreet,“To My Dear and
Loving Husband”
• The use of antiquated words such as
“thy” instead of “your” and “doth”
instead of “do” gives the poem a formal
diction.
•These antiquated words are considered grand, elevated, and
sophisticated language.

19. QUESTIONS TO PONDER:
In what references or reading
materials do you see Formal Diction?
What about the informal, colloquial
and slang? What do you think is the
proper diction in creative writing? Will
there be an impact to writing?

21. FIGURES OF SPEECH
Figures of speech are words or phrases used in a
non-literal sense for rhetorical or vivid effect.
The most common figures of speech are
simile,
metaphor,
apostrophe,
onomatopoeia,
hyperbole,
personification,
synecdoche,
metonymy, oxymoron, and
paradox.

22. 1. Simile – a stated comparison (formed with “like” or
“as” between two fundamentally dissimilar things that have
certain qualities in common.
Example:
•John is as slow as a snail.
•“Does it dry up like a raisin in the
sun?”

23. 2. Metaphor – an implied comparison between
two unlike things that have something in common.
Example:
•John is a snail.
•“Hope is the thing with feathers –
That perches in the soul –”
- Emily Dickinson, “Hope is the Thing with
Feathers”

24. 3. Onomatopoeia – uses words that imitate
sounds associated with objects or actions.
Example:
•The large dog said, “Bow-wow!”
•“The crooked skirt swinging, whack by whack by
whack.”
- James Joyce, “Ulysses”

25. 4. Personification – endows human qualities or abilities
to inanimate objects or abstraction.
Example:
•The trees scream in the raging wind.
•“Ah,William, we’re wary of the weather,” said the
sunflowers
shining with dew
.
– William Blake, “Two Sunflowers Move in the
Yellow Room”

26. 5. Apostrophe – is addressing an absent person or
thing that is an abstract, inanimate, or inexistent
character
.
Example:
•"Oh, rain! Rain! Where are you? Rain, we really need
you
right now. Our town needs you badly.”
•“Death be not proud, though some have called thee.”
- John Donne, “Death Be Not Proud”

27. 6. Hyperbole – a figure of speech which contains
an exaggeration for emphasis.
Example:
•She’s going to die of embarrassment.
•“To make enough noise to wake the
dead.”
– R. Davies, “What’s Bred in the
Bone”

28. 7. Synecdoche – a figure of speech in which the part
stands for the whole, and thus something else is
understood within the thing mentioned.
Example:
• Those wheels are awesome!
• “Give us this day our daily bread”
*Bread stands for the meals taken each day
.

29. 8. Metonymy – a figure of speech in which the
name of an attribute or a thing is substituted for the
thing itself.
Example:
•Joe’s new ride was expensive.
•“Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears.”
– William Shakespeare, “Julius Caesar”
*Lend me your ears = to pay attention; to listen

30. 9. Oxymoron – a figure of speech which
combines incongruous and apparently contradictory
words and meanings for a special effect.
Example:
• My sister and I had a friendly fight over the
lipstick.
•“Here’s much to do with hate, but more with
love. Why then, O brawling love! O loving hate!
O anything! of nothing first
create! O heavy lightness! serious
vanity!

31. 10.Paradox – a statement which seems on its
face to be logically contradictory or absurd yet turns
out to be interpretable in a way that makes sense.
Example:
•I only message those who do not message.
•“One short sleep past, we wake eternally
And death shall be no more; Death, thou shalt die.”
- John Donne,“Death Be Not Proud”

32. QUESTIONS TO PONDER:
Which of the following figures of
speech are familiar to you?
Which from them is mostly used
in literary pieces? Can you give
some examples?

33. REMEMBER
 Imagery is used to signify all the objects and qualities of
sense perception referred to in works of literature.
 Diction refers to the kinds of words, phrases, and
sentence structures, and sometimes also figurative language that
constitute any work of literature.
 Figure of speech is an expression that departs from the
accepted literal sense or from the normal order of words, or in
which an emphasis is produced by patterns of sound.

35. FIGURE ME OUT!
Identify the figurative language used in each statement.
1. I will die if he asks me to dance.
2. Quack, quack went the ducks as we threw them our stale bread.
3. This is a genuine imitation Rolex watch.
4. I am titanium.
5. Dear love, please don't shoot me with your Cupid's bow.
6. She is as kind as an angel.
7. I'm looking forward to breaking bread with you.
8. The light danced in the surface of the water.
9. If I know one thing, it's that I know nothing.
10. My brother was just released from the big house.

36. FIGURE ME OUT!
Identify the figurative language used in each statement.
1. I will die if he asks me to dance. H Y P E R B O L E ONOMATOPOEIA
2. Quack, quack went the ducks as we threw them our stale bread.
3. This is a genuine imitation Rolex watch. O X Y M O RO N
4. I am titanium. METAPHOR
APOSTROPHE
5. Dear love, please don't shoot me with your Cupid's bow.
6. She is as kind as an angel. SIMILE
7. I'm looking forward to breaking bread with you. S Y N E C D O C H E
8. The light danced in the surface of the water.
PERSONIFICATION
9. If I know one thing, it's that I know nothing. PARADOX

37. S E N S E IT!
Read the excerpts with understanding. Identify what sensory
imagery is used in each statement. Identify too those words
used as descriptive in each excerpt.

38. CELEBR8! (Assignment)
Create a paragraph about Fiesta in the
Philippines. Choose only one type of diction
in writing, use different type of imagery and
figures of speech.
Rubrics:
Use of Diction = 10
Use of Variety of Imageries = 10
Use of Different Figurative Language = 10
Conventions = 10

39. THANK YOU!
