Journalistic writing, the bedrock of informed societies, serves a vital purpose: to convey information and stories that hold power to educate, engage, and empower citizens. This pervasive form of writing permeates our daily lives, informing us through newspapers, online news outlets, broadcast media, and even social media platforms. But what exactly defines journalistic writing, and how does it function to fulfill its role? This comprehensive exploration delves into the core principles, elements, and best practices that underpin effective journalistic writing. Unveiling the Core Principles: Objectivity, Accuracy, and Fairness The foundation of journalistic writing rests on three pillars: objectivity, accuracy, and fairness. Objectivity refers to the journalist's commitment to presenting information in a neutral and unbiased manner. Facts, not opinions, drive the narrative. While journalists may choose the story's angle, they strive to include all relevant perspectives to avoid skewing the information. Accuracy stands paramount. Journalists meticulously verify facts through multiple credible sources, ensuring the information presented is true and reliable. This includes double-checking quotes, statistics, and historical details. A single inaccuracy can erode trust in the journalist and the publication. Fairness goes hand in hand with objectivity. Journalists present all sides of an issue, allowing readers to form their own informed opinions. This may involve including viewpoints critical of the main narrative or giving a platform to those who may disagree. By ensuring a balanced perspective, journalistic writing fosters informed discourse. The Inverted Pyramid: Structuring for Clarity Journalistic writing follows a specific structure known as the inverted pyramid. This approach prioritizes the most newsworthy information at the outset, capturing the reader's attention and conveying the essence of the story early on. The essential details – the who, what, when, where, why, and how – are addressed in the lead paragraph, often accompanied by a catchy headline that entices readers to delve deeper. Subsequent paragraphs elaborate on the core information, providing context, quotes from credible sources, and additional details that enrich the story. Less crucial information is placed towards the end, allowing editors to trim the piece if necessary without compromising the core message. This structure ensures readers grasp the crux of the story even if they don't finish the entire article. The Art of Storytelling: Engaging the Audience While journalistic writing prioritizes facts, it's not devoid of storytelling elements. Compelling narratives can enhance reader engagement and make complex information more accessible. Effective journalists weave facts into a story that captures the reader's attention and ignites curiosity. This can involve using vivid descriptions, quotes that bring characters to life, and a logical flow that keeps readers turning

1. Chinese Literature
Presented by: Baylon & Borabien

2. Popular literary Classics
4 Sections of Chinese Literature:
Masters of Literature
Textbook of literature and papers
Journals of Literature

3. Masters of Literature
Li Bai (Li Po): A prolific poet of the Tang dynasty known for his romantic and
lyrical verses.
Du Fu: Another prominent poet of the Tang dynasty, recognized for his realistic
and poignant poetry.
Su Shi (Su Dongpo): A versatile writer, poet, and essayist of the Song dynasty,
famous for his lyric poetry and prose.
Bai Juyi (Bo Juyi): A prominent poet of the Tang dynasty known for his narrative
and lyric poetry.
Meng Haoran: A poet of the Tang dynasty celebrated for his simple and elegant
verses.
Xu Zhimo: A modern poet known for his romantic and lyrical poetry in the early
20th century.
Lu Xun: A leading figure in modern Chinese literature, known for his short
stories, essays, and critiques of Chinese society.

4. Popular Literary Classics
Popular literary classics in Chinese literature include "The Dream of the
Red Chamber," "The Journey to the West," "Water Margin," and
"Romance of the Three Kingdoms." These works are considered some of
the greatest in Chinese literature, with profound cultural and literary
significance. "The Dream of the Red Chamber" is often hailed as one of
the greatest novels of all time, offering a psychological portrait of 18th-
century China. "The Journey to the West," known in the West as
"Monkey," has found an audience but is less recognized today. "Water
Margin" and "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" are also highly esteemed
for their literary worth. These classics have influenced literature globally
and continue to captivate readers with their rich narratives and cultural
insights

5. Textbooks of Literature and Papers
For textbooks on Chinese literature, you might consider titles like:
1. (A History of Chinese Literature)
This textbook provides an overview of Chinese literary history, covering major works, authors, and movements
from ancient times to the present.
2. (Introduction to Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature)
This textbook focuses on modern and contemporary Chinese literature, examining significant works and trends
from the late Qing dynasty to the present day.
3. (Selected Readings in Classical Chinese Literature)
This textbook features excerpts or complete texts of classical Chinese literary works, accompanied by
annotations, analysis, and discussion questions.

6. Journals of Literature
There are several reputable academic journals in Chinese literature. Here are a few notable ones:
1. (Literary Criticism)
This journal covers a wide range of topics in literature, including literary theory, criticism, and analysis.
2. (Contemporary Literature Review)
Focusing on contemporary Chinese literature, this journal publishes critical essays, reviews, and scholarly articles.
3. (Studies in Chinese Literature)
This journal explores various aspects of Chinese literature, including classical, modern, and contemporary works.
4. (Literary Heritage)
Dedicated to the preservation and study of classical Chinese literature, this journal features research articles and discussions on
classical texts and authors.
5. (Poetry Monthly)
As one of the oldest poetry journals in China, it publishes contemporary poetry and critical essays on poetry.

7. Chinese literary writers based their writing
according to their culture, philosophy and
history. They considered literature as an
important show window to exhibit thier
country's civilization and charm.
Chinese Literature

8. The foundation or literary
writings was influenced by
oral traditions of different
social and professional
provenance.
Pre Classical Period
• Confucius or Kung fu-tzu one of
chinese literary writers who had
the most significant contribution
in chinese literature.
• He devoted most of the years of
his life as a philosopher and a
teacher.
Classical Period
• He was the founder of chinese
literature in which his
descendants recorded him

9. Confucius five books
To keep his ideas and memories alive. Confucius left the 5 books:
• THE BOOK OF CHANGES (Yi king) wich was used by the
chinese foe divination.
• THE BOOK OF CEREMONIES (Li king) a work which is based
on etiquette .
• THE BOOK OF HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS (Shu king) which
is the formulation of political ideas and the fundamental of
good government.

10. Confucius five books
To keep his ideas and memories alive. Confucius left the 5 books:
• THE BOOK OF POETRY (Shi King) which is the selection of
305 best poems stressing the cherishing of thoughts and
sentiments of forebears .
• THE BOOK OF SPRING AND AUTUMN (Ch'un Ch'iu) which
was the philosophical content but is noteworthy for his
history of Confucius' native province of Lu from 722 to 484
B.C.

11. Which one of his followers was a good organizer and
proselytizer. He gathered yhe discourse and the sayings of
Confucius' as recorded by the disciples and organized them into
books;
The best known for his work was the "THE BOOK OF
ANALECTS".
During the Modern literature, the late Qing was a period of
intellectual ferments sparked by a sense of national crisis. It was
the time when the intellectuals began to seek solutions to china's
problems outside it's own tradition.
Mencius or Mang Tze

12. The Trial of the Stone
The boy Ah Niew was an orphan whose mother died when
he was two years old. His grandmother brought him up by
selling cakes cooked in oil. He carried the cakes in a basket lined
with oily paper and peddled these in the streets.
One day, Ah Niew was especially lucky, He has sold the
three hundred cakes very fast. He was about to go home when
he saw an old women crossing the street with a basketful of
fruits.
A chinese
folktale

13. In jer hasts, she stumbled and her fruits and her fruits
rolled in the streets. Ah Niew put down his basket and with
the money in it and came to woman's rescue. He gathered
the fruits, rubbed of the dust from them, and returned them
in the basket.
When he turned to get his own basket, it was gone.
He looked around and saw it beside a big stone. But the
money was gone

14. Ah Niew cried so loud that the poeple came to see what was the
matter. "Oh! Oh! My money is gone..." Ah Niew wailed. "What will my
grandmother say? She worked so hard baking all those cakes in oil... and i
sold them all. But the money is gone."
Paw Kong. a Mandarin who was a kindhearted judge happened to be
passing by. Ah Niew ran to him for help. Paw Kong scrutinized the faces of
onlookers. He said to young man, " Did you take the boys money?"
"No". Young man replied.
“Did you take it?” he asked the man with the big nose. “No,” he replied.

15. All the people around him whom he asked denied that they had taken the
money.
Paw Kong said, “I have asked all of you and none would admit the theft. The
only remaining object nearby is this stone, so it must be the thief. Servants, take the
stone to the court I shall try it for taking the boy’s money.”
The people laughed but they were curious to see the trial of the stone, so they
went with Paw Kong with the court.
“You must each pay twenty cents to enter the court,” Paw Kong told them.
The judge instructed the servants to put a pot ofwater at the entrance of the
court. “Each person must pay twenty cents before they enter the court,” he told the
people.

16. Paw Kong stood by the water, looking intently at the water as each man
dropped his twenty cents. The pot was nearly full of money.
“That is the man who took the money,” said Paw Kong. “Servant, take him! Look
in his bag and he will find money.”
The Mandarin servants seized the man, opened his bag and true enough!
They found two hundred eighty cents.
“That is my money,” shouts Ah Niew.
“Yes, that is your money,” agreed Paw Kong.
“How did you know that is the boy’s money?” asked the poeple.

17. “Look!” said Paw Kong. Look at the water. Ah Niew
put his money under the paper lining of the basket. I
saw the paper. So his money has oil in it. There is oil
on the water, which appeared only when that man
put his twenty cents in the pot.”
“Thank you, thank you, Sir,” replied the grateful Ah
Niew as he skipped gaily home to his grandmother.

18. Quiz time
What made the poeple to come to the court?
What was the trial all about?
What kind of boy was Ah Niew? How does he earn for a living?
Why did the judge suspect the man with the big nose to be the one
who get the money of Ah Niew?
1.
2.
3.
4.

19. Quiz time
What lesson can you infer from the folktale?
Was the trial conducted fairly enough? Explain your answer
5.
6.