1. Strategia: An approach to cultivating self-control Angela Lee Duckworth Department of Psychology University of Pennsylvania

2. “ One of the most significant contrasts among the factors residing within the individual is that between capacity and industry ” Clark Hull, 1928

3. Effort/ Practice SKILL Latent Talent

4. Skill as a function of deliberate practice Skill Age (years) Figure adapted with permission from “The scientific study of expert levels of performance” by K.A. Ericsson, p. 90, © 1998

5. Skill as a function of deliberate practice Skill Age (years) Figure adapted with permission from “The scientific study of expert levels of performance” by K.A. Ericsson, p. 90, © 1998 Less talented individual?

6. Effort/ Practice SKILL Latent Talent Intrinsic interest Grit Self-efficacy Self-control Goal choice and commitment

7. Deliberate practice ≠ immediate gratification

8. Students “beeped” while doing homework or studying say…it’s not enjoyable or easy … but it’s important to their long-term goals

9. Deliberate Practice SKILL Latent Talent Intrinsic interest Grit Self-efficacy Self-control Ability to regulate behavior after goals have been selected

10. Learnable, teachable strategies facilitate self-control

12. Is it really self-control?

13. Is it actually IQ?

15. What NCLB leaves behind

17. Cognitively transforming an angry memory… … Replay the event as it unfolds in your imagination through your own eyes. … Replay the event as it unfolds in your imagination as you observe your distant self. VS

18. … reduces negative affect