The document outlines the principles of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), including recognizing cardiac arrest, providing basic life support (BLS) and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS). It discusses assessing the cardiac rhythm, administering medications, and terminating CPR. The objectives are for students to learn to recognize arrested patients, provide BLS for adults, children and infants, use an automated external defibrillator, administer appropriate medications, and determine when to stop CPR efforts.

1. Outline
• Causes of arrest
• Principles of Resuscitation
- Basic Life Support (BLS).
- Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS).
• Drugs used in C.P.R.
• Termination of C.P.R.
• Outcome and further management
• D.N.R.

2. Objective
At the end of this unite the students will be able to :
• Recognize the arrested pt.
• Provide BLS survey for adulate, child and Infant victim
• Provide ACLS survey
• Differentiate between shockable and non- shockable rhythm
• Provide post cardiac arrest care
• Identify medications used in CPR
• Know when to stope CPR

3. Cardiac Arrest vs. Heart Attack
• People often use these terms interchangeably, but they
are not the same

4. Cardiac Arrest vs. Heart Attack
Cardiac arrest is triggered by an electrical malfunction
in the heart that causes an irregular heartbeat
(arrhythmia). With its pumping action disrupted, the
heart cannot pump blood to the brain, lungs and other
organs.
Cardiac arrest is an “ELECTRICAL” problem

5. Cardiac Arrest vs. Heart Attack
• A blocked artery prevents oxygen-rich blood from
reaching a section of the heart. If the blocked artery is
not reopened quickly, the part of the heart normally
nourished by that artery begins to die.
A heart attack is “CIRCULATION” problem.

6. What is CPR?
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation :
Life saving procedure (chest compression and breathing ),
performed when the heart stops beating help to keep the blood
flow active and can double or triple chances of survival after
cardiac arrest if don immediately by trained medical staff .

7. Causes of arrest
•Cardiac arrest occurs when the heart stops beating
unexpectedly may influenced by one of these causes
according American Heart Association “ AHA “

8. Causes of arrest
• Tension pneumothorax
• Tamponade, cardiac
• Toxins
• Thrombosis , pulmonary
• Thrombosis , coronary
• Hypovolemia
• Hypoxia
• Hydrogen ion “ acidosis “
• Hypothermia
• Hypo-/Hyperkalemia
• Five H’s & five T’s

9. •Recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency response
system
•Early high quality (CPR)
•Rapid defibrillation
•Basic and advanced emergency medical services
•Advanced life support and post-cardiac arrest care
Chain of Survival

10. principle of resuscitation
BLS “ Basic Life Support “ survey
ACLS “ Advance Cardiac Life Support” survey

12. BLS “ Basic Life Support “ survey
CHECK SCENE SAFTY
CHECK RESPONSE
SHOUT FOR HELP
CHECK PULS AND BREATHING
30 CHEST COMPRESSIONS
OPEN AIRWAY
2 RESCUE BREATHS

13. BLS “ Basic Life Support “ survey
CHECK SCENE SAFTY
CHECK RESPONSE
SHOUT FOR HELP
CHECK PULS AND BREATHING
30 CHEST COMPRESSIONS
OPEN AIRWAY
2 RESCUE BREATHS

14. BLS “ Basic Life Support “ survey
CHECK SCENE SAFTY
CHECK RESPONSE
SHOUT FOR HELP
CHECK PULS AND BREATHING
30 CHEST COMPRESSIONS
OPEN AIRWAY
2 RESCUE BREATHS

15. BLS “ Basic Life Support “ survey
CHECK SCENE SAFTY
CHECK RESPONSE
SHOUT FOR HELP
CHECK PULS AND BREATHING
30 CHEST COMPRESSIONS
OPEN AIRWAY
2 RESCUE BREATHS

16. BLS “ Basic Life Support “ survey
CHECK SCENE SAFTY
CHECK RESPONSE
SHOUT FOR HELP
CHECK PULS AND BREATHING
30 CHEST COMPRESSIONS
OPEN AIRWAY
2 RESCUE BREATHS

17. BLS “ Basic Life Support “ survey
CHECK SCENE SAFTY
CHECK RESPONSE
SHOUT FOR HELP
CHECK PULS AND BREATHING
30 CHEST COMPRESSIONS
OPEN AIRWAY
2 RESCUE BREATHS

18. BLS “ Basic Life Support “ survey
CHECK SCENE SAFTY
CHECK RESPONSE
SHOUT FOR HELP
CHECK PULS AND BREATHING
30 CHEST COMPRESSIONS
OPEN AIRWAY
2 RESCUE BREATHS

19. High-Quality CPR
• There are five critical components:
1. Minimize interruptions in chest compressions “less than 10 s”
2. Provide compressions of adequate rate”100-120” and depth “
at least 5cm no more than 6 cm “
3. Avoid leaning on the victim between compressions “
complete chest recoil “
4. Ensure proper hand placement “ lower half of sternum “
5. Avoid excessive ventilation

20. Automated External Defibrillator “ AED”
Use AEDs only when patients have the following 3
clinical findings:
• No response
• Absent or abnormal breathing (ie, no breathing or only gasping)
• No pulse
In the first few minutes after the onset of sudden cardiac arrest, the
patient may demonstrate agonal gasps, which are not adequate
breathing. A nonresponsive patient with agonal gasping who has no
pulse is in cardiac arrest

23. • dry the skin if necessary
• Do not place an AED pad over the
implanted pacemaker.
• Remove any medication patch that is
on the chest.

24. Instruct all bystanders to move away
while the AED analyzes rhythm. If
the AED detects a shockable rhythm
“VF, pulseless VT “ , it will verbally
tell you to not touch the victim

25. .
The AED will advise you to deliver a shock.

27. • After performing CPR for 2 minutes,
the AED will advise you to stop CPR
and will analyze the rhythm again.
• If the AED does NOT detect a
shockable” VF, pulseless VT” rhythm,
it will tell you to resume CPR

28. External
Defibrill
ator

29. BLS Algorithm