Short lecture to medical students on risks, prevalence and detection of fake medicines and protection of patient safety. Essential training for new doctors and pharmacists.
This document discusses counterfeit medicines and measures to combat them. It defines counterfeit medicines according to WHO as those deliberately mislabeled regarding identity and/or source. The most common types of counterfeits are those without active ingredients or with incorrect quantities. Counterfeiting is prevalent in developing countries and online pharmacies. It poses dangers like treatment failure, toxicity, and drug resistance. Detection methods include chemical kits, barcodes, and Raman spectroscopy. Measures to combat counterfeits involve legislation, regulation, international cooperation, and awareness campaigns. Pharmacists play a role in preventing counterfeits from entering the supply chain.
The document discusses counterfeit medicine, including its definition, prevalence, consequences, evaluation, and methods to prevent it. It states that counterfeit medicine ranges from having no active ingredients to incorrect ingredients, and affects both developing and developed countries. Evaluation methods include using RFID, barcodes, Raman spectroscopy, and forensic analysis to identify counterfeits. Legislative authorities and improved regulation aim to curb the estimated $90 billion global counterfeit drug industry that causes over 1 million deaths annually.
Artificial intelligence can help improve pharmacovigilance in three key ways:
1) AI can automate repetitive manual tasks like data entry of adverse event reports to improve efficiency.
2) Machine learning algorithms can be trained on large databases of adverse drug reaction reports to help identify new safety signals.
3) AI tools show promise in extracting clinically relevant information from individual case safety reports without human review, reducing the time spent on case processing. However, challenges remain around data quality, costs, and ensuring AI augmentation rather than replacement of human experts.
The document discusses common mobile apps used in medical practice. It lists apps such as PubMed, Medscape, Drugs.com, Pediatric Oncall, Docphin, Disease Dictionary, and SlideShare. It provides information on the purpose and features of each app, including accessing medical literature, drug references, medical calculators, and medical presentations. Requirements for using the apps include a smartphone, internet access, and specialty-specific apps can be found through iMedicalApps. The document emphasizes that these apps are a valuable guide and source of ready information for medical professionals.
Personalized medicine involves the prescription of specific therapeutics best suited for an individual based on their genetic or proteomic profile. This talk discusses current approaches in drug discovery/development, the role of genetics in drug metabolism, and lawful/ethical issues surrounding the deployment of new health technology.
Inventory control involves managing stock levels to meet demand in a cost-effective manner. Modern systems use inventory management software for tracking, forecasting, and optimization. There are different inventory control methods like periodic counting and perpetual inventory that have trade-offs in accuracy and time requirements. ABC analysis categorizes inventory into A, B, C groups based on value to prioritize control efforts. Economic order quantity and safety stock models help determine optimal reorder levels to minimize total costs of ordering and carrying inventory.
This document discusses promoting rational drug use in India under the National Rural Health Mission. It begins by outlining the objectives and defining the problem of irrational drug use in India. Some key points made include that India accounts for 22% of the global disease burden but only produces 2% of global drugs. It then discusses the reasons for irrational drug use, including factors related to patients, prescribers, drug regulation, and the drug supply system. Strategies presented to promote rational drug use include ensuring availability of essential drugs, access and affordability, and rational prescriptions. The challenges of implementation are also acknowledged.
This document discusses counterfeit medicines and measures to combat them. It defines counterfeit medicines according to WHO as those deliberately mislabeled regarding identity and/or source. The most common types of counterfeits are those without active ingredients or with incorrect quantities. Counterfeiting is prevalent in developing countries and online pharmacies. It poses dangers like treatment failure, toxicity, and drug resistance. Detection methods include chemical kits, barcodes, and Raman spectroscopy. Measures to combat counterfeits involve legislation, regulation, international cooperation, and awareness campaigns. Pharmacists play a role in preventing counterfeits from entering the supply chain.
The document discusses counterfeit medicine, including its definition, prevalence, consequences, evaluation, and methods to prevent it. It states that counterfeit medicine ranges from having no active ingredients to incorrect ingredients, and affects both developing and developed countries. Evaluation methods include using RFID, barcodes, Raman spectroscopy, and forensic analysis to identify counterfeits. Legislative authorities and improved regulation aim to curb the estimated $90 billion global counterfeit drug industry that causes over 1 million deaths annually.
Artificial intelligence can help improve pharmacovigilance in three key ways:
1) AI can automate repetitive manual tasks like data entry of adverse event reports to improve efficiency.
2) Machine learning algorithms can be trained on large databases of adverse drug reaction reports to help identify new safety signals.
3) AI tools show promise in extracting clinically relevant information from individual case safety reports without human review, reducing the time spent on case processing. However, challenges remain around data quality, costs, and ensuring AI augmentation rather than replacement of human experts.
The document discusses common mobile apps used in medical practice. It lists apps such as PubMed, Medscape, Drugs.com, Pediatric Oncall, Docphin, Disease Dictionary, and SlideShare. It provides information on the purpose and features of each app, including accessing medical literature, drug references, medical calculators, and medical presentations. Requirements for using the apps include a smartphone, internet access, and specialty-specific apps can be found through iMedicalApps. The document emphasizes that these apps are a valuable guide and source of ready information for medical professionals.
Personalized medicine involves the prescription of specific therapeutics best suited for an individual based on their genetic or proteomic profile. This talk discusses current approaches in drug discovery/development, the role of genetics in drug metabolism, and lawful/ethical issues surrounding the deployment of new health technology.
Inventory control involves managing stock levels to meet demand in a cost-effective manner. Modern systems use inventory management software for tracking, forecasting, and optimization. There are different inventory control methods like periodic counting and perpetual inventory that have trade-offs in accuracy and time requirements. ABC analysis categorizes inventory into A, B, C groups based on value to prioritize control efforts. Economic order quantity and safety stock models help determine optimal reorder levels to minimize total costs of ordering and carrying inventory.
This document discusses promoting rational drug use in India under the National Rural Health Mission. It begins by outlining the objectives and defining the problem of irrational drug use in India. Some key points made include that India accounts for 22% of the global disease burden but only produces 2% of global drugs. It then discusses the reasons for irrational drug use, including factors related to patients, prescribers, drug regulation, and the drug supply system. Strategies presented to promote rational drug use include ensuring availability of essential drugs, access and affordability, and rational prescriptions. The challenges of implementation are also acknowledged.
The document summarizes the histories of four pharmaceutical companies: Cipla, Sun Pharma, Abbott Laboratories, and Lupin. Cipla was founded in 1935 in India and has developed several innovative drugs and manufacturing technologies. Sun Pharma was established in 1983 in India and has grown to become one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in India through acquisitions and an IPO. Abbott Laboratories was founded in 1888 in the US and has become a large global healthcare company operating in over 130 countries. Lupin was incorporated in India in 1972 and has expanded globally to become one of the top generic drug companies in markets like the US, Japan, and South Africa.
1. Counterfeit drugs are a major global problem that negatively impact public health and pharmaceutical companies. They range from lacking active ingredients to having incorrect dosages and can lead to treatment failure, increased antimicrobial resistance, and even death.
2. India accounts for a large portion of the global counterfeit drug trade due to its large pharmaceutical industry, lack of regulation, and high drug prices. Many counterfeit drugs originate in India and are distributed worldwide.
3. Strategies to reduce counterfeiting include strengthening drug regulation, increasing inspections, consumer awareness campaigns, implementing track-and-trace technologies like barcodes and RFID in supply chains, and harsher penalties for counterfeiters.
Role of hospital pharmacists in transitions of careRosalynn Pangan
Hospital pharmacists play a key role in medication reconciliation during care transitions to reduce medication errors. Medication reconciliation involves creating an accurate list of all medications a patient is taking and reconciling it with physician orders at various transition points like admission, transfer, and discharge. Studies show high rates of unintentional medication discrepancies during transitions that can harm patients if undetected. Pharmacists conducting medication reconciliation at transitions have been shown to identify and resolve many discrepancies, intercepting potential errors. Key elements for successful reconciliation include designating a single list shared by all providers, clearly defining roles, integrating the process into workflow, educating patients, and conducting reconciliation at various transition points in the care process.
The Indian pharmaceutical industry has grown tremendously over the past few decades from being almost non-existent to meeting nearly 95% of the country's pharmaceutical needs. It is now self-reliant in terms of production capabilities across a wide range of medicines. The industry is highly fragmented with over 20,000 registered units and is characterized by intense price competition and government price controls. Exports have also increased significantly and are expected to surpass domestic sales in the coming years, driven primarily by growth in formulation exports. India also has the most FDA-approved manufacturing facilities outside of the US, positioning it as an important supplier for the global pharmaceutical market.
The document provides information on counterfeit drugs, including definitions, global and Indian statistics, examples of counterfeited drugs, and potential solutions. Some key points:
- The WHO defines counterfeit drugs as deliberately mislabeled regarding identity and/or source, and they may contain incorrect ingredients, insufficient active ingredients, or no active ingredients.
- India accounts for 10% of global drug production but also has high rates of counterfeiting, estimated at 20% of drugs. Globally, counterfeiting costs the legitimate pharmaceutical industry $75 billion annually.
- Many popular drugs are frequently counterfeited, such as Viagra, Lipitor, and cancer treatments. Counterfeits are found to contain
The Mansoura CPD-DIC is an academic drug information center operated under the faculty of medicine at Mansura University. It aims to increase community knowledge about drugs and proper drug use. The DIC provides drug information to healthcare professionals by answering questions about drug availability, identification, therapy, side effects, dosage, interactions and more. It offers information services, consultations, and participates in pharmacology research. The DIC team consists of a chief, director, and vice director. It is equipped with sources like primary literature, secondary publications, formularies and internet resources to thoroughly research and respond to drug information requests.
Pharmacovigilance is the science of monitoring the effects of pharmaceutical products after they have been licensed for use, especially in order to identify and evaluate previously unreported adverse reactions. Herb-drug interactions can occur when herbs are taken concurrently with prescription or over-the-counter medications. Some common herb-drug interactions include garlic increasing the breakdown of antiviral drugs, green tea increasing the side effects of oral contraceptives, and liquorice decreasing the effectiveness of antihypertensives. It is important to report any suspected adverse reactions to medications to help ensure safe and effective use of drugs and herbs.
The document provides an introduction to materiovigilance and adverse event following immunization (AEFI) surveillance programs in India. It discusses the need for monitoring medical devices and vaccines for safety. It outlines the objectives and organizational structure of India's Materiovigilance Program of India and AEFI surveillance program. Key activities include reporting and investigating adverse events, analyzing data, and taking corrective actions. The roles of various stakeholders like monitoring centers, regulatory authorities, and hospitals are also summarized.
Role and responsibility of community pharmacist.pptxSunaynaChoudhary
The document outlines the central responsibilities of pharmacists in both hospital/inpatient and ambulatory/outpatient settings. In the inpatient setting, pharmacists are responsible for dispensing medications accurately and ensuring proper drug storage, record keeping, and billing. They also supervise drug administration, monitor patients' medication regimens, and provide drug information. In outpatient settings, pharmacist responsibilities include dispensing outpatient prescriptions accurately, counseling patients, and assisting physicians with selecting drug therapies. The goal of pharmacists in both settings is to ensure the safe, effective, and appropriate use and management of medications.
The document discusses the benefits and risks of online pharmacies. It outlines the process of online distribution and notes that while e-pharmacies provide convenience, around 96% do not comply with laws. Benefits include lower prices, large selection and 24/7 access, but risks are self-medication without interaction, improper handling of medicines, and sale of controlled substances. Laws prohibit online pharmacies in India without a valid prescription. While e-pharmacies can increase access, proper rules and patient education are needed to ensure safety.
Pharmacovigilance is the science of monitoring the safety of medicines. It plays a key role in identifying adverse drug reactions and preventing harm to patients. The goal of pharmacovigilance is to monitor drug safety, identify health risks, and prevent harm through careful tracking of side effects from clinical trials through a drug's entire lifecycle on the market. Major organizations like the FDA, EMEA, and WHO work to coordinate pharmacovigilance efforts internationally and protect public health.
The perspective of antibiotic resistanceLimon Mirza
Antibiotic, Antibiotic resistance, Causes of antibiotic resistance, History of antibiotic, Bangladesh perspective of antibiotic resistance, Prevention & Control of antibiotic resistance
The document discusses several regulatory agencies that oversee medicines and medical devices. The United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) regulates food, drugs, cosmetics, and medical devices in the US. The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) regulates medicines and medical devices in the UK. The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) regulates drugs and cosmetics in India under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Each agency is responsible for ensuring the safety and efficacy of products under its purview.
Sterilization techniques in hospitals.pdfMudabbir7
Khan Mutaba Farooq's document discusses various sterilization techniques used in hospitals. It describes five main sterilization methods: 1) moist heat sterilization using steam under pressure, 2) dry heat sterilization using hot air ovens, 3) gas sterilization using agents like ethylene oxide, 4) sterilization by radiation using electromagnetic waves or particles, and 5) sterilization by filtration using membrane filters to remove microbes. Successful sterilization is important for working in medical facilities to prevent life-threatening consequences from microbial contamination.
Quality assurance of clinical pharmacy servicesvarshawadnere
This document discusses quality assurance in clinical pharmacy services. It defines quality assurance as ensuring quality of practice and outcomes. The main objectives are to ensure appropriate patient care, monitor medicine needs, and evaluate service standards. Key quality assurance services discussed include patient counseling, adverse drug reporting, and drug information. The document outlines methods for assessing these services, including performance appraisal, peer review, and clinical audit. It also evaluates patient counseling and quality assurance in drug information services.
This document discusses several potential drug-drug interactions involving various medications:
1. A woman taking simvastatin, diltiazem, aspirin is prescribed clarithromycin. Clarithromycin is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor and may significantly increase simvastatin levels, increasing risk of side effects like rhabdomyolysis. The patient's simvastatin dose should not exceed 40 mg daily while taking clarithromycin.
2. Minocycline is unlikely to reduce the effectiveness of a low-dose combined oral contraceptive. Any interaction would be due to suppressed gut bacteria and is considered very rare.
3. A man's phenytoin levels increased after starting flu
1) The document discusses materiovigilance, which refers to the close monitoring of medical devices post-marketing to identify adverse events and improve patient safety.
2) It outlines India's Materiovigilance Programme of India (MvPI), which aims to establish a nationwide system for reporting and analyzing medical device adverse events.
3) Under MvPI, 101 Medical Device Monitoring Centers have been set up across India to collect, analyze and report adverse events to the National Coordination Center at IPC in Ghaziabad.
OVER THE COUNTER SALE_ RDP_PHARMACY PRACTICErishi2789
OTC drugs are medications that can be purchased without a prescription. They include analgesics, cough and cold medicines, antacids, and topical products. OTC drugs are considered low risk but can still interact with other medications or cause side effects if misused. Pharmacists play an important role in counseling patients on the safe use of OTC drugs through open-ended questions to understand medical history and current medications, then providing instructions on proper dosage, administration, storage, and potential drug interactions. While convenient, OTC drugs still require guidance to ensure safe self-medication.
Pharmacovigilance a general overview most updatedpeter donik
The document provides an overview of the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI) and adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting. It defines key pharmacovigilance terminology and introduces PvPI, which aims to improve patient safety through ADR monitoring. PvPI has established 220 ADR Monitoring Centers to collect reports from healthcare professionals and consumers via forms or a mobile app. Reported ADRs are assessed for causality and signals to support regulatory decision making. The goal is rational medicine use and reducing health risks.
Proper procedure of counterfeit investigations by Omega InvestigationPhilip Stallone
High-end well known designer brands have long been subjected to fraudulent reproduction and counterfeit. This practise is not only criminal but costly. Omega has the experience and expertise to deal with counterfeiting, IP and grey marketing.
Counterfeit drugs pose a major global problem and public health risk. According to the World Health Organization, over half of counterfeit drug cases found no active ingredients, while others contained incorrect or dangerous ingredients. Developing countries are especially impacted, with up to 60% of reported counterfeit drugs. Counterfeiting undermines healthcare systems and can have deadly consequences. The document warns that weak drug regulation and an unsecured supply chain allow for counterfeits to proliferate. It advocates purchasing from authorized drug distributors only to help strengthen oversight of the pharmaceutical supply system.
The document summarizes the histories of four pharmaceutical companies: Cipla, Sun Pharma, Abbott Laboratories, and Lupin. Cipla was founded in 1935 in India and has developed several innovative drugs and manufacturing technologies. Sun Pharma was established in 1983 in India and has grown to become one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in India through acquisitions and an IPO. Abbott Laboratories was founded in 1888 in the US and has become a large global healthcare company operating in over 130 countries. Lupin was incorporated in India in 1972 and has expanded globally to become one of the top generic drug companies in markets like the US, Japan, and South Africa.
1. Counterfeit drugs are a major global problem that negatively impact public health and pharmaceutical companies. They range from lacking active ingredients to having incorrect dosages and can lead to treatment failure, increased antimicrobial resistance, and even death.
2. India accounts for a large portion of the global counterfeit drug trade due to its large pharmaceutical industry, lack of regulation, and high drug prices. Many counterfeit drugs originate in India and are distributed worldwide.
3. Strategies to reduce counterfeiting include strengthening drug regulation, increasing inspections, consumer awareness campaigns, implementing track-and-trace technologies like barcodes and RFID in supply chains, and harsher penalties for counterfeiters.
Role of hospital pharmacists in transitions of careRosalynn Pangan
Hospital pharmacists play a key role in medication reconciliation during care transitions to reduce medication errors. Medication reconciliation involves creating an accurate list of all medications a patient is taking and reconciling it with physician orders at various transition points like admission, transfer, and discharge. Studies show high rates of unintentional medication discrepancies during transitions that can harm patients if undetected. Pharmacists conducting medication reconciliation at transitions have been shown to identify and resolve many discrepancies, intercepting potential errors. Key elements for successful reconciliation include designating a single list shared by all providers, clearly defining roles, integrating the process into workflow, educating patients, and conducting reconciliation at various transition points in the care process.
The Indian pharmaceutical industry has grown tremendously over the past few decades from being almost non-existent to meeting nearly 95% of the country's pharmaceutical needs. It is now self-reliant in terms of production capabilities across a wide range of medicines. The industry is highly fragmented with over 20,000 registered units and is characterized by intense price competition and government price controls. Exports have also increased significantly and are expected to surpass domestic sales in the coming years, driven primarily by growth in formulation exports. India also has the most FDA-approved manufacturing facilities outside of the US, positioning it as an important supplier for the global pharmaceutical market.
The document provides information on counterfeit drugs, including definitions, global and Indian statistics, examples of counterfeited drugs, and potential solutions. Some key points:
- The WHO defines counterfeit drugs as deliberately mislabeled regarding identity and/or source, and they may contain incorrect ingredients, insufficient active ingredients, or no active ingredients.
- India accounts for 10% of global drug production but also has high rates of counterfeiting, estimated at 20% of drugs. Globally, counterfeiting costs the legitimate pharmaceutical industry $75 billion annually.
- Many popular drugs are frequently counterfeited, such as Viagra, Lipitor, and cancer treatments. Counterfeits are found to contain
The Mansoura CPD-DIC is an academic drug information center operated under the faculty of medicine at Mansura University. It aims to increase community knowledge about drugs and proper drug use. The DIC provides drug information to healthcare professionals by answering questions about drug availability, identification, therapy, side effects, dosage, interactions and more. It offers information services, consultations, and participates in pharmacology research. The DIC team consists of a chief, director, and vice director. It is equipped with sources like primary literature, secondary publications, formularies and internet resources to thoroughly research and respond to drug information requests.
Pharmacovigilance is the science of monitoring the effects of pharmaceutical products after they have been licensed for use, especially in order to identify and evaluate previously unreported adverse reactions. Herb-drug interactions can occur when herbs are taken concurrently with prescription or over-the-counter medications. Some common herb-drug interactions include garlic increasing the breakdown of antiviral drugs, green tea increasing the side effects of oral contraceptives, and liquorice decreasing the effectiveness of antihypertensives. It is important to report any suspected adverse reactions to medications to help ensure safe and effective use of drugs and herbs.
The document provides an introduction to materiovigilance and adverse event following immunization (AEFI) surveillance programs in India. It discusses the need for monitoring medical devices and vaccines for safety. It outlines the objectives and organizational structure of India's Materiovigilance Program of India and AEFI surveillance program. Key activities include reporting and investigating adverse events, analyzing data, and taking corrective actions. The roles of various stakeholders like monitoring centers, regulatory authorities, and hospitals are also summarized.
Role and responsibility of community pharmacist.pptxSunaynaChoudhary
The document outlines the central responsibilities of pharmacists in both hospital/inpatient and ambulatory/outpatient settings. In the inpatient setting, pharmacists are responsible for dispensing medications accurately and ensuring proper drug storage, record keeping, and billing. They also supervise drug administration, monitor patients' medication regimens, and provide drug information. In outpatient settings, pharmacist responsibilities include dispensing outpatient prescriptions accurately, counseling patients, and assisting physicians with selecting drug therapies. The goal of pharmacists in both settings is to ensure the safe, effective, and appropriate use and management of medications.
The document discusses the benefits and risks of online pharmacies. It outlines the process of online distribution and notes that while e-pharmacies provide convenience, around 96% do not comply with laws. Benefits include lower prices, large selection and 24/7 access, but risks are self-medication without interaction, improper handling of medicines, and sale of controlled substances. Laws prohibit online pharmacies in India without a valid prescription. While e-pharmacies can increase access, proper rules and patient education are needed to ensure safety.
Pharmacovigilance is the science of monitoring the safety of medicines. It plays a key role in identifying adverse drug reactions and preventing harm to patients. The goal of pharmacovigilance is to monitor drug safety, identify health risks, and prevent harm through careful tracking of side effects from clinical trials through a drug's entire lifecycle on the market. Major organizations like the FDA, EMEA, and WHO work to coordinate pharmacovigilance efforts internationally and protect public health.
The perspective of antibiotic resistanceLimon Mirza
Antibiotic, Antibiotic resistance, Causes of antibiotic resistance, History of antibiotic, Bangladesh perspective of antibiotic resistance, Prevention & Control of antibiotic resistance
The document discusses several regulatory agencies that oversee medicines and medical devices. The United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) regulates food, drugs, cosmetics, and medical devices in the US. The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) regulates medicines and medical devices in the UK. The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) regulates drugs and cosmetics in India under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Each agency is responsible for ensuring the safety and efficacy of products under its purview.
Sterilization techniques in hospitals.pdfMudabbir7
Khan Mutaba Farooq's document discusses various sterilization techniques used in hospitals. It describes five main sterilization methods: 1) moist heat sterilization using steam under pressure, 2) dry heat sterilization using hot air ovens, 3) gas sterilization using agents like ethylene oxide, 4) sterilization by radiation using electromagnetic waves or particles, and 5) sterilization by filtration using membrane filters to remove microbes. Successful sterilization is important for working in medical facilities to prevent life-threatening consequences from microbial contamination.
Quality assurance of clinical pharmacy servicesvarshawadnere
This document discusses quality assurance in clinical pharmacy services. It defines quality assurance as ensuring quality of practice and outcomes. The main objectives are to ensure appropriate patient care, monitor medicine needs, and evaluate service standards. Key quality assurance services discussed include patient counseling, adverse drug reporting, and drug information. The document outlines methods for assessing these services, including performance appraisal, peer review, and clinical audit. It also evaluates patient counseling and quality assurance in drug information services.
This document discusses several potential drug-drug interactions involving various medications:
1. A woman taking simvastatin, diltiazem, aspirin is prescribed clarithromycin. Clarithromycin is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor and may significantly increase simvastatin levels, increasing risk of side effects like rhabdomyolysis. The patient's simvastatin dose should not exceed 40 mg daily while taking clarithromycin.
2. Minocycline is unlikely to reduce the effectiveness of a low-dose combined oral contraceptive. Any interaction would be due to suppressed gut bacteria and is considered very rare.
3. A man's phenytoin levels increased after starting flu
1) The document discusses materiovigilance, which refers to the close monitoring of medical devices post-marketing to identify adverse events and improve patient safety.
2) It outlines India's Materiovigilance Programme of India (MvPI), which aims to establish a nationwide system for reporting and analyzing medical device adverse events.
3) Under MvPI, 101 Medical Device Monitoring Centers have been set up across India to collect, analyze and report adverse events to the National Coordination Center at IPC in Ghaziabad.
OVER THE COUNTER SALE_ RDP_PHARMACY PRACTICErishi2789
OTC drugs are medications that can be purchased without a prescription. They include analgesics, cough and cold medicines, antacids, and topical products. OTC drugs are considered low risk but can still interact with other medications or cause side effects if misused. Pharmacists play an important role in counseling patients on the safe use of OTC drugs through open-ended questions to understand medical history and current medications, then providing instructions on proper dosage, administration, storage, and potential drug interactions. While convenient, OTC drugs still require guidance to ensure safe self-medication.
Pharmacovigilance a general overview most updatedpeter donik
The document provides an overview of the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI) and adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting. It defines key pharmacovigilance terminology and introduces PvPI, which aims to improve patient safety through ADR monitoring. PvPI has established 220 ADR Monitoring Centers to collect reports from healthcare professionals and consumers via forms or a mobile app. Reported ADRs are assessed for causality and signals to support regulatory decision making. The goal is rational medicine use and reducing health risks.
Proper procedure of counterfeit investigations by Omega InvestigationPhilip Stallone
High-end well known designer brands have long been subjected to fraudulent reproduction and counterfeit. This practise is not only criminal but costly. Omega has the experience and expertise to deal with counterfeiting, IP and grey marketing.
Counterfeit drugs pose a major global problem and public health risk. According to the World Health Organization, over half of counterfeit drug cases found no active ingredients, while others contained incorrect or dangerous ingredients. Developing countries are especially impacted, with up to 60% of reported counterfeit drugs. Counterfeiting undermines healthcare systems and can have deadly consequences. The document warns that weak drug regulation and an unsecured supply chain allow for counterfeits to proliferate. It advocates purchasing from authorized drug distributors only to help strengthen oversight of the pharmaceutical supply system.
Fake brands that closely resemble popular FMCG brands like Dairy Milk, Life Buoy, and Fair & Lovely are common in rural Indian markets. These fake brands fall into two categories: counterfeits that use identical packaging/graphics/names, and pass-offs that use similar sounding names or packaging. Fake brands are more prevalent in rural areas due to lack of awareness and distribution challenges for real brands. FMCG companies lose an estimated 30% of rural business and 2500 crores annually to fake brands, damaging their brand image and loyalty. Companies are trying strategies like special packaging, informant networks, and consumer awareness to curb fake brands in rural India.
Spurious or fake goods are products that are designed to imitate well-known genuine brands and products. These fake products use identical packaging, designs, colors, and names as the authentic products in order to confuse consumers. The pharmaceutical industry in India plays an important role in global medicine, but some companies illegally produce fake drugs with "Made in India" labels that actually come from China and hurt India's reputation. To combat this issue, authorities should increase raids on illegal operations, educate consumers on identifying genuine products, and implement stricter laws against piracy.
I have been working on the topic of anti-counterfeiting for a number of years and find myself increasingly engrossed and thoroughly surprised as our understanding of this topic grows. The imagination and the brutality with which the criminal industry produces, distributes and sells imitation goods is unmatched. The consequences of such dire acts are not only killing children but also affecting the lives of many and fighting such forgery has become a personal battle for me.
This is a presentation intended to give basic training for counterfeit currency. Most of the content has been obtained from the Secret Service website.
Over-the-Counter (OTC) and prescription drug abuse is a growing and dangerous problem, and as a retailer you can play a role in reducing and preventing it.
For additional info and resources on this topic visit www.helpingservices.org/otc.
This presentation covers about drug abuse and its prevention & the RA 9165. No copyright allowed. Please don't forget to like and write your comments below. Thanks and God Bless!
Drug Toxicity and Medicine Safety GuidelinesHomeo Mart
A customer awareness initiatibe about medicine safety. We explore issues with its adverse side effects and its impact on environment, the types of toxic medicines and consumer awareness safety guidelines
This document discusses the history and experience of depression from the perspective of the author. It then discusses the medicalization and marketing of mental health conditions and the psychotropic drugs used to treat them. It questions whether many conditions are actually diseases or normal human experiences, and outlines concerns about the lack of scientific evidence for diagnoses and side effects of psychotropic drugs.
This document discusses the dangers of drug and alcohol abuse. It notes that drug abuse can lead to loss of coordination, poor judgment, slowed reflexes and other negative effects. The document provides statistics on drug and alcohol use among teens, such as the fact that 15% of teens are binge drinkers. It discusses the illegal and dangerous nature of drugs like cocaine, heroin and methamphetamines. The document emphasizes that treatment for drug abuse can work if a person remains in treatment for an adequate period of time. It also notes the link between substance abuse and risky sexual behaviors that can increase the risk of STDs and HIV/AIDS.
The document provides information about a workshop on drug use, stigma, stereotypes and harm reduction. It outlines the goals of gaining understanding of the negative effects of stigma on people who use drugs and examining ways to reduce stigma and improve well-being. It establishes group guidelines for the workshop, including maintaining confidentiality and respecting different experiences. It then considers stereotypes related to drug use through pictures and a survey. Key aspects of drug-related stigma from individuals, institutions, internally and by association are examined. The implications of stigma for access to services, risk behaviors, self-worth and relationships are discussed. Factors influencing drug use including the continuum of use and drug, set and setting are briefly covered.
This presentation is designed to train patient advocates in the safety issues around counterfeit drugs: how counterfeits enter our supply chain and how patients can protect themselves.
This document discusses types of prescription drug abuse. It defines prescription drug abuse as taking a prescription medication that was not prescribed for you or taking it in a way other than prescribed. Commonly abused prescription drugs include opioids, pain relievers like Oxycodone and Vicodin, and depressants like Xanax and Valium. Prescription drugs are often obtained through doctor shopping, friends or family, or home medicine cabinets. The risks of abuse include respiratory depression, seizures, and bloodborne diseases if injecting.
This document discusses prescription drug abuse in the United States. It notes that prescription drugs are easily accessible, as most medicine cabinets contain unused prescription medications. It then defines prescription drug abuse and lists common types of abused prescription drugs like opioids, depressants, and stimulants. The document discusses reasons for and effects of prescription drug abuse, and provides statistics on the prevalence of non-medical prescription drug use in the US.
This document discusses the negative physical, mental, and social effects of alcohol and drug abuse. It provides facts about how alcohol and drugs like marijuana, cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamines can damage the body and brain, cause addiction, and negatively impact one's life, relationships, and future. The document aims to educate youth about the risks of substance abuse and encourage them to choose a healthy lifestyle without drugs or alcohol.
"Youth" The Future Leaders! and “The Drug Problem“Andeel Ali
My first presentation on slideshare! This presentation was delivered in PYDN - Professional Youth Development Network's First Sindh Youth Summit which happened in 2010. And it was my first keynote presentation in any conference! :3
This presentation comprehensively explains the drug problem. I have given the Global Scenario i.e. How and When the United Nations decided to curb the World Drug Problem. Followed by the Local scenario of drug addiction i.e. How Pakistan and Sindh are suffering from it.
I have also explained how we can curb the drug demand in our society.
On a sidenote, this presentation can tell you how I have changed my powerpoint skills! :) i.e. from the generic mediocre style to what Jesse Desjardins @jessedee and Guy Kawasaki @GuyKawasaki advocate!
Drug Awareness Program- Say No to Drugs.NITI Aayog
The Department of Administrative Reforms & Public Grievances, Government of India, organized the 2nd 'District Collectors Conference', which took place on the 6th & 7th of September in New Delhi. Over 30 district collectors participated, making presentations on best practices to overcome challenges faced in the sectors of rural development, education, urban development, law & order, and disaster management.
The Planning Commission is providing these presentations for the public to see examples of the good work being done by young IAS officers in the field, and to promote cross-learning and innovation.
This document discusses drug use, abuse, and misuse in the United States. It categorizes drugs into prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs, recreational drugs, illicit drugs, herbal preparations, and commercial preparations. It also outlines public health campaigns on drugs, routes of drug administration, the effects of drugs on physiology and psychology, receptor site theory, main effects and side effects of drug use, and factors involved in successful treatment of drug use issues.
Al Power - Dementia beyond disease: Enhancing well beingRunwaySale
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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1. Fake Medicines: What a Doctor Needs to Know
Monday 4th January, 2016
Mark Davison
mark.davison@bluespherehealth.com
Twitter: @StopFakeDrugs
2. Learning points
• What is a fake drug?
• How common are they?
• Why are they dangerous?
• Where do they come from?
• How can I spot them?
• What should I do if I find one?
3. Fake = “Spurious/falsely-labelled/falsified/counterfeit”
World Health Organisation definition:
“Spurious/falsely-labelled/falsified/counterfeit (SFFC) medicines are
medicines that are deliberately and fraudulently mislabelled with
respect to identity and/or source.”
Intellectual property violations are deliberately excluded.
High quality, unauthorised “generics” don’t kill people.
6. Learning points
• What is a fake drug?
• How common are they?
• Why are they dangerous?
• Where do they come from?
• How can I spot them?
• What should I do if I find one?
8. World Health Organisation estimates of prevalence
Probably <1% in developed economies
Much higher in developing world
Can be >50% in some cities
9. What about the internet?
Research showed*:
• 62% of medicines purchased online are fake or substandard
• 95.6% of online pharmacies researched are operating illegally
• 94% of websites do not have a named, verifiable pharmacist
• Over 90% of websites supply prescription-only medicines without a prescription
*European Alliance for Access to Safe Medicines (EAASM) Survey “The Counterfeiting Superhighway”
including test purchases
11. Learning points
• What is a fake drug?
• How common are they?
• Why are they dangerous?
• Where do they come from?
• How can I spot them?
• What should I do if I find one?
12. Why are fake drugs so dangerous?
Most people don’t think about it even when buying low cost drugs.
Of those who do, most assume only two scenarios:
1. Pills work. They save money.
2. Pills don’t work. They waste money.
15. Toxic contaminants can kill you quickly
A healthy Canadian woman died from cardiac arrhythmia caused by
metal toxicity from counterfeit medication
Mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, chrome, uranium, strontium,
selenium, and aluminium have all been found in fake drugs.
As have: boric acid, rat poison, road paint and printer ink.
16. Over 100 Nigerian children killed by diethylene glycol
poisoning due to adulterated teething mixture
17. Lack of drug can kill you slowly
• Little or no active drug
• Disease not treated
• Symptoms get worse
• No-one may ever know
– Cancer: they expected you to die anyway
– Stroke: they assume you weren’t taking the blood pressure pills
20. Some worrying flaws:
Three separate incidents of switching of Nurofen Plus (painkiller)
for Zyprexa (anti-psychotic) were traced to one man who was
swapping the blisters between boxes whilst being served at the
pharmacy counter!
21. How good are the copies?
• Sometimes excellent
• Usually not perfect
• Packaging better than the pills
• Careful vigilance picks up
most cases before they reach
the patient
22. US example
• Alli ®
• Weight loss pills
• Small differences
– Seals
– Granularity
24. Don’t rely on holograms
• Two of these holograms are fake
• >20 fakes of this design are known
• Product: Artesunate
• Region: SE Asia
• Indication: Malaria
• Consequence of counterfeiting: Severe
30. Conclusion
• Counterfeit medicines are in all markets
• They are not just Viagra
• They kill or harm by direct toxicity
• They kill or harm by lack of efficacy
• Fake drugs in Africa could kill people in the UK too
– Drug-resistant TB and other infectious diseases
31. Learning points
• What is a fake drug?
• How common are they?
• Why are they dangerous?
• Where do they come from?
• How can I spot them?
• What should I do if I find one?
33. Where do fakes come from?
• Local production for local markets
• China
• India
• Russia and Eastern Europe
34. Who is making them?
Local criminals making small amounts
Organised crime is heavily involved in large scale production
Fake drugs are a better investment than narcotics and much less
dangerous to be caught with
Some evidence that terrorist groups use counterfeit drugs to raise
money – Hezbollah, ISIS etc
35. Learning points
• What is a fake drug?
• How common are they?
• Why are they dangerous?
• Where do they come from?
• How can I spot them?
• What should I do if I find one?
36. What to look for during consultation or history-taking
Keep an open mind to possible causes of:
unexpected symptoms
worsening of a treatable condition
unexpected lack of symptom resolution or improvement
unexplained allergic reactions
reported burning sensation at injection site
Ask to see the medication the patient is using
37. What to look for in medication
Be alert for:
Poor quality packaging (but often copies are very good)
Crumbly, chipped, cracked or mis-shapen pills
Unexpected tastes, odours or colours
Apparent tampering or unexplained damage
38. Learning points
• What is a fake drug?
• How common are they?
• Why are they dangerous?
• Where do they come from?
• How can I spot them?
• What should I do if I find one?
39. Report concerns to local regulator (MHRA in the UK)*
Dedicated 24-hour hotline: 020 3080 6701
Email: counterfeit@mhra.gsi.gov.uk
Counterfeits, Case Referral Centre, MHRA,
151 Buckingham Palace Road,
Victoria, London, SW1W 9SZ
*Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency
40.
41. Thank You. Any questions?
Mark Davison
mark.davison@bluespherehealth.com
Twitter: @StopFakeDrugs