overwhelming power at the disposal of the governments.

1. The Costs of Terrorism
Pages 96-98
Terrorism Is Essentially A Form Of
Psychological Warfare.
Costs associated with terrorism are widespread.
Poverty is widely perceived as the root of terrorism.
Individuals, families, governments, companies,
and nonstate actors worldwide bear the cost of
terrorism to varying degrees.

2. Costs of Terrorism (5 Costs)
 COSTS TO INDIVIDUALS-lost of lives, social, psychological, and
physical problems. Restriction of people’s Movement.
 ECONOMIC COSTS-Complex, far-reaching and calculable. For
instance 911 cost the airline industry $31 Billion dollars.
 COSTS TO GOVERNMENTS-Trillions of dollars, but well worth
the price. Governments invest in security.
 FOREIGN POLICY COSTS-Governments will shutdown foreign
embassies and pay the price to not do diplomacy in foreign lands.
This cuts expenses.
 COSTS TO DEMOCRACY-People who are afraid tend to trust
rulers who will ultimately take all their freedom away. To avoid a
climate of fear, most governments call this a necessary Cost to
provide National security.

3. Kinds of Terrorism (5 kinds)
 Global Terrorism is a type of terrorism that is partly an outgrowth
of the forces of globalization, which enable the different kinds of
terrorism to spread worldwide.
 Nationalist terrorism is a type of terrorism that is closely
associated with struggles for political autonomy and independence.
 Domestic Terrorism is a type of terrorism that occurs within the
borders of a particular country and is associated with extremist
groups.
 State Terrorism is a cold, calculated, efficient, and extremely
destructive form of terrorism, partly because of the overwhelming
power at the disposal of the governments.
 Religious Terrorism The type of terrorism that grows out of
extreme fundamentalist religious groups that believe that God is on
their side and that their violence is divinely inspired and approved.

4. The Fight Against
Violence
 One of the reasons for religious terrorism is that violence is believed
to be a divine duty in accordance with theology.
 The three levels of internal state terrorism are intimidation,
coerced conversion, and genocide.
THE COST TO DEMOCRACY is Steep
One of the costs of terrorism is the cost to democracy, with
governments justifying violations of individuals’ rights on the
grounds of national security.
The most prevalent response to terrorism is
the use of force.

5. References
Anzovin, S. (1986). Terrorism. New York: H.W. Wilson.
Conrad, K., & United States. (2004). Estimated costs of continuing
operations in Iraq and other operations of the global war on terrorism.
Washington, DC: Congress of the United States, Congressional Budget
Office.
Outman, J. L., Outman, E. M., May, M., & Sawinski, D. M. (2003).
Terrorism. Detroit: U*X*L.
Payne, R. J. (2013). Global issues: Politics, economics, and culture.
Boston: Pearson.

6. References
Anzovin, S. (1986). Terrorism. New York: H.W. Wilson.
Conrad, K., & United States. (2004). Estimated costs of continuing
operations in Iraq and other operations of the global war on terrorism.
Washington, DC: Congress of the United States, Congressional Budget
Office.
Outman, J. L., Outman, E. M., May, M., & Sawinski, D. M. (2003).
Terrorism. Detroit: U*X*L.
Payne, R. J. (2013). Global issues: Politics, economics, and culture.
Boston: Pearson.