The document provides information about cooperative societies including definitions, types, and scope. It discusses that a cooperative is a voluntary association of persons united to meet common economic, social, and cultural needs through a jointly-owned business. It then describes the main characteristics of cooperatives and lists the major types including consumer, producer, marketing, thrift and credit, and housing cooperatives. The document concludes by discussing the role of cooperatives in India such as their contribution to agriculture credit, fertilizer distribution, and sugar production.

1. CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY
MADE BY – S.GOKUL
CLASS - XI-D
ROLL NO - 32

2. DEFINITION
 A co-operative is defined as an
autonomous association of persons
united voluntarily to meet their
common economic, social, and
cultural needs and aspirations
through a jointly-owned and
democratically-controlled
enterprise.
 A cooperative society may also be
defined as a business owned and
controlled equally by the people
who use its services or who work at
it.

3. Meaning
It is a VOLUNTARY group of people.
They have COMMON problems.
They join together to solve their
problems.
Main aim is to protect the members.

4. Characteristics of a co-
operative societya. Voluntary association : A member can join the society as and when he
likes.
b. Open Membership :Membership open to all who have common
interest.
c. Separate Legal Entity : A cooperative society must be registered
under the COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES ACT 1912
or under the cooperative Societies Act of the
State government
d. Source of Finance : The capital is raised from the members in the
form of share capital
e. Motive : Main aim is SERVICE MOTIVE
f. Voting Power : Each member may hold many shares but
he/she has only one vote

5. Types of co-
operative societies Housing cooperative
 Building cooperative
 Retailers' cooperative
 Utility cooperative
 Worker cooperative
 Business and employment co-operative
 Social cooperative
 Consumers' cooperative
 Agricultural cooperative
 Cooperative banking (credit unions and cooperative savings
banks)
 Federal or secondary cooperatives
 Cooperative wholesale society
 Cooperative Union
 Co-operative party

7. SOCIETIES TO WHICH THE
ACT APPLIES• Charitable societies
• Military orphan funds or societies
• Societies established for promotion of
science, literature, or for fine arts
• Societies established for maintenance of
libraries or reading rooms for general
public
• Societies established for Public
museums and galleries for paintings or
other works of art.

8. CONSUMER’S CO-
OPERATIVE SOCIETY It helps the consumer.
 It makes consumer goods available at fair prices.
 Example- Apna Bazaar 'Big Bazaar.

9. Marketing Co-
operative societyIt helps producers and manufacturers
to sell their products.
They collect products from the producers.
Then they arrange to sell them in the market.
Eg. Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation that sell
Amul milk products.

10. PRODUCER’S CO-
OPERATIVE SOCIETY
 It helps the producer.
 It makes available items needed for production.
 like raw materials, tools, machinery etc.
Example- APPCO, Haryana Handloom etc.

11. Thrift and Credit Co-
operative Society It gives financial helps to its member.
 It accepts deposits.
 It provides loans at reasonable
 Example- Urban cooperative banks

12. Co-operative Group
Housing Societies These are residential societies.
 They provide residential houses to members.
 They purchase land, construct houses and allots the
houses.

13. Consumer
Cooperative
Society
Producer
Cooperative
society
Marketing
Cooperative
Society
Thrift and
Credit
Cooperative
Society
Cooperative
Group Housing
Society
Help Consumers Help Producers Helps Producers
and
Manufacturers
Give Financial
Help to
members
Helps Members
of a Housing
society
Makes goods
available at fair
price
Makes items
available for
production
Collect
products from
producers and
sells them in
the market
Accepts
deposits
Grants loans at
reasonable
rates
Provides
housing to
members
E.G. Apna
Bazaar
E.G. APPCO E.G. AMUL E.G. Urban
Cooperative
bank
E.G. Any
housing Society
TYPES OF CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY

14. SCOPE OF CO-
OPERATIVE SOCIETY

15. ADVANTAGES
 Easy formation
 Open membership
 Democratic control
 Limited liability
 Elimination of middleman’s profits
 State control
 Stable life
 Voluntary Organisation
 Sources of Finance
 Separate Legal Entity
 Distribution of Surplus
 Self-help through mutual cooperation
 State control

16. LIMITATION
 Limited capital
 Problems in management
 Lack of motivation
 Lack of cooperation
 Dependence on government
 Lack in commitment
 Poor infrastructure
 Lack of awareness
 Lack of quality management
 Dormant membership
 Cooperatives are also unable to evolve strong communication
and public relations strategies which can promote the concept of
cooperation among the masses.

17. CO-OPERATIVE CREATE’S
EMPLOYMENT
 Co-operatives provide over 100
million jobs around the world,
20% more than multinational
enterprises.
 In Canada, co-operatives and
credit unions employ over
160,000 people. The Desjardins
movement (savings and credit
co-operatives) is the largest
employer in the province of
Québec.
 In Colombia, the co-operative
movement provides 109,000 jobs
and an additional 379,000 as
owner-workers in workers co-

18. EMPLOYMENT
 In Slovakia, the Co-
operative Union
represents more 700
co-operatives who
employ nearly 75,000
individuals.
 In Kenya, 250,000
people are employed
by co-operatives.
 In Slovakia, the Co-
operative Union

19. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
OF INDIA The Demographics of India are overall remarkably
diverse. India's population of approximately 1.13 billion
people (March 10, 2008) comprises approximately
one-sixth of the world's population.
 India is basically an agrarian economy with 72% of
its total population residing in rural areas .
 Due to lack of Facilities Indian villagers and labors
are facing disgust unemployment this can be
understood as over employed capacity or natural
resources .
 India is having huge opportunity since it is a
geographically diverse and major part of our economy
is undeveloped so there is a great scope .

20. PRESENCE OF CO-OPERATIVES IN
INDIA
 During the British rule , Nicholson a British
Officer in India suggested to introduce
Raiffersen model of German agricultural credit
Cooperatives in India. As a follow-up of that
recommendation, the first Cooperative Society
Act of 1904 was enacted to enable formation
of “Agricultural Credit Cooperatives" in
villages in India under Government
sponsorship. With the enactment of 1904 Act,
Cooperatives were to get a direct legal
identity as every agricultural Cooperative was
to be registered under that Act only.

21. GROWTH OF CO-OPERATIVES IN INDIA
 National Cooperative Development Corporation
(NCDC) was established in 1963 under NCDC Act
1962 to promote production, marketing and export
of agricultural produce.
 Number of Cooperatives Societies increased from
35 thousand in 1965-66 to 545 thousand in 2002-03.
 Today, Cooperatives cover each & every village of
India.
Role of Cooperatives in Indian Economy
During the year 2002-03, Cooperatives accounted
for:
 46% of Agriculture Credit disbursement.
 36% of fertilizer distribution.
 59% of Sugar production.

22. DEVELOPMENT IN
INDIA
In fertilizer production and distribution the Indian
Farmers Fertilizer Cooperative (IFFCO) with a
domestic annual capacity of producing 4.3 million
tones of phosphate fertilizers and 4.2 million tones of
nitrogenous fertilizers commands over 35 percent of
the market with more than 50 million farmers
associated with it and.
In the production of sugar the cooperative share of
the market is over 58 percent and in the marketing
and distribution of cotton they have a share of around
60 percent.
 The cooperative sector accounts for 55 percent of
the looms in the hand-weaving sector.

23. GOVERNMENT
POLICIESThe Union Cabinet first time approved the National
Cooperative Policy, aiming at:
 Minimizing the say of the Government in Cooperatives.
 Redefining the role of Registrar of Coop. Societies as a
facilitator for Coop. Societies.
 Repatriation of the Government’s equity in the
Cooperatives by infusion of equivalent cooperative
shares.
Cooperative Law
 Multi-State Cooperative Societies Act- 2002 ensures
functioning of Cooperatives as autonomous Institutions on
sound Cooperative Principles.
 The new legislation reduces the role of Government and

24. SUGGESTIONS Large-scale enterprises in the cooperative sector
require huge funds. Cooperatives should be
encouraged to enter capital market and mobilize
funds by means of deposits, debentures etc.
 The state governments can act as venture
capitalists
 Cooperatives can evolve deposit-insurance
scheme, to instill confidence among the
depositors, both in urban and rural
areas. Effective deposit mobilization will help
them to build their own bendable resources, for
profitable and diversified lending.
 In order to complete in the new economic

25. SUGGESTIONS
Recommended by Expert committee
 Incorporates co-op principles
 Ensures autonomy & independence of co-
ops
 Specifies role of federation
 No Gov’t control – participation in equity
 Incorporates provisions for self-regulation
 Enables co-ops to create their support
services e.g. audit HRD; consultancy,
financial systems
 Incorporates provisions for simplifying
registration; mergers; division; liquidation

26. CONCLUSION
 Malthusian theory suggest the relationship between
population growth and food production (production of
food grains in G.P. while population growth is in
A.P.). So this creates disequilibrium between
subsistence need and population growth in developing
countries .So in this regard tendency toward primary
sector can minimize this problem with proper
cooperation.
 Cooperative Society is one of the Largest sector
Provides nearly 800 million. India is Employees more
employee than to any other country in the world .
 Being Agriculture based India’s most population is
situated in rural areas nearly 2/3 of total . So this
gives clear indication of scope of cooperative society

27. CONCLUSION CONT…. The Corporate culture will also bring sustainable
efficiency and thereby cooperatives can compete
with strong private players.
 Professionalism in the management of the
cooperative enterprises will upgrade the quality of
the staff with latest developments and also
develop a proper and cordial relationship between
the managers and members of board of directors.
There must be proper and continuous training for
both cooperative leaders and profession
executives.
 There are a number of agricultural commodities
like rice, sugar, fruits, vegetables; spices etc. that

28. CASE STUDY
Q 1) What is co-operative?
 The worldwide co-operative
movement was established in 1844
during the Industrial Revolution. This
was a time of great exploitation and
hardship for working people and
there was a need for fairness,
honesty and support for all. Robert
Owen’s ideas at New Lanark were
thought to be an inspiration to the
Rochdale Pioneers who set up the
first co-operative society.
 At the heart of Fair trading co-
operatives are found. They provide
much need support and market
access for small farmers and

29. Q2) How does co-
operative works ? Farmers buy shares in the co-operative to become
 members.
 The co-operative buys goods from other firms (such as
fertilizers and seeds) and sells these to the members at a
low price.
 The members sell their farm produce to the co-operative
society (crops like maize, cocoa, cotton, coffee, milk etc.)
 The co-operative tries to get a good price when it sells
these products again.
 Some big co-operatives export goods abroad.
 Some co-operatives change products (like making butter
 and cheese out of milk or milling maize to sell flour.)
 The co-operative may give training to the farmers to help
them grow better crops.
 The co-operative may also give loans to the farmers so
they can buy new things and expand their farm.

30. THANK
YOU