Conversion of sea water into liquid hydrogen fuel... future technology, renewable energy technology, liquid hydrogen fuel, environment friendly, hydrocarbon fuel, jet engine fuel, future revolution in the world.....

1. CONVERSION OF SEA WATER INTO FUEL
B.Voc Renewable Energy
2nd year
Batch-7
Thilagavathi.
Kamaleshwaran. M
Karan. C
Arif Ahamed. A

2. What is sea water ?
• Seawater is the water that makes up the
oceans and seas, covering more than 70
percent of Earth's surface.

3. Properties of sea water
• Seawater is a complex mixture of 96.5 percent water, 2.5
percent salts, and smaller amounts of other substances,
• Including dissolved inorganic and organic materials,
particulates, and a few atmospheric gases.

4. • Salt in the sea comes from two sources:
• Runoff water from the land.
• Rocks on land are the major source of salts
dissolved in seawater.
Why sea water is salty ?

5. • Rainwater that falls on land is slightly acidic,
so it erodes rocks. ...
• Sea water seeps into cracks in the seafloor
and is heated by magma from the Earth’s
core.
Why sea water is salty ?

6. How much of the sea water is salty?
3.5%
• The concentration of salt in seawater is
about 3.5% of the weight of seawater comes
from the dissolved salts.

7. What is the PH of sea water ?
8.2
• Sea water is normally slightly basic, with a
surface-water pH of about 8.2,
• but that has declined in recent years to about
8.1

8. Why is the pH of seawater 8?
• pH is sea water is 8-1 to 8.2.
• It is because of ionic strength.

9. Ions present in salt water
• chloride (Cl−),
• sodium (Na+),
• sulfate(SO2
4
−),
• magnesium (Mg2+),
• calcium(Ca2+),
• potassium (K+)
• These ions make up about 99 percent of all sea
salts.

10. Sea water be used as a fuel?
• A team of scientists from the Indian Institute
of Technology (IIT) Madras have devised a
way to generate hydrogen fuel by using
seawater, which is most abundant.
• The technology can generate hydrogen can
be a good source of energy for the future.

11. What fuel comes from sea water?
• Scientists at the U.S. Naval Research
Laboratory have demonstrated the ability to
recover carbon dioxide and hydrogen from
seawater and turn it into a liquid
hydrocarbon fuel—the kind of stuff that can
power a jet engine.

12. Reaction involves in the conversation of sea water
into fuel
• Reaction involved in the conversion of
seawater into fuel.
• They convert the Co2 into Co via the reverse
water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction.

13. Reaction involves in the conversation of sea water
into fuel
• The carbon monoxide can then be converted
into liquid hydrocarbons via Fischer Tropshc
synthesis.

14. WGSR
• WGSR – Water Gas Shift Reaction

15. • REVERSE WATER GAS SHIFT REACTION
• The water-gas shift reaction describes the
reaction of carbon monoxide and water
vapor to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
• CO + H₂O ⇌ CO₂ + H₂
What is RWGS reaction?

16. • The water gas shift reaction was discovered
by Italian physicist Felice Fontana in 1780.
• It was not until much later that the industrial
value of this reaction was realized
What is RWGS reaction?

17. • Converting Co2 to hydrocarbons requires two
reactions.
• First, Co2 is converted into Co via the reverse
water-gas shift reaction
•
• For example,
Co2 + H₂ + catalyst, Co+ H₂O.
RWGS reaction

18. • Next, using a second catalyst, the Co produced can
be hydrogenated via the Fischer-Tropsch process
to hydrocarbons,
• For example,
Co + (2n + 1)H₂ + catalyst2 CnH2n+2 + H2O.
See also: FischerTropsch process.
RWGS reaction

19. RWGS reaction
• Depending on the reactions condition The
equilibrium of the water gas shift reaction can be
pushed either forward and reverse Reaction.
• The reversibility of the WGSR is important in the
production of ammonium , methonal & Fischer
Trposch synthesis, where the H2/Co ratio is in
critical condition.

20. RWGS reactor

21. • The Fischer–Tropsch process is a collection of
chemical reactions that converts a mixture of
carbon monoxide and hydrogen into liquid
hydrocarbons..
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

22. • These reactions occur in the presence of
metal catalysts, typically at temperatures of
150–300 °C and pressures of one to several
tens of atmospheres.
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

23. U.S naval research laboratory design

24. Reactor design

25. Biologically mediated WGSR design

26. Difference between producer & water gas
• The key difference between water gas and
producer gas is that the water gas contains
flammable gases whereas the producer gas
contains both flammable and non-flammable
gases.
• Both water gas and producer gas are mixtures of
several gases. Water gas contains carbon
monoxide and hydrogen gases.

27. Factor design

28. Design specification
Feed composition:-

29. Design specification
Catalyst property:-

30. Design specification
HTS reactor dimensions:-

31. Design specification
LTS Reactor dimensions:-

32. Design specification
Process specification:-

33. Future
• Hydrogen can be a good source of clean
energy for the future as it doesn’t emit
carbon dioxide.
• Combustion of hydrogen does not produce
carbon dioxide, unlike fossil fuels, making it a
'clean' source of energy,

34. Chemical Engineers' Catalyst Helps Turn Seawater into Fuel
| AIChE
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.aiche.org
/chenected/2020/07/chemical-engineers-catalyst-helps-turn-seawater-
fuel&ved=2ahUKEwiMwqzd8K_wAhXIzzgGHeNLAboQFjABegQIAxAF&usg=AOvVaw
1kUi04quF_aECu-f9IDwjd
Reference
https://youtu.be/fCK6BiHy8Yk