The document discusses various types of organizational control systems including feedforward, concurrent, and feedback control. It describes how these different control systems can be used to anticipate problems, monitor ongoing processes, and evaluate outputs. Specific examples are given of how different organizations implement various control strategies like budgeting, quality management programs, and financial reporting.
Summary of this courseHealth care business analysesHealth Care.docxmattinsonjanel
Summary of this course
Health care business analyses
Health Care Business Operations and Performance
Introduction
In this module, you will explore the relationship and potential synergy created by consistent vision, mission, goals, and strategic plan. Health care strategy can be formed in one of two ways: it is intended and deliberate, which is created by plans, or it emerges through a pattern of uncoordinated decisions and actions (it just happens). Plans help to create a deliberate strategy. This is a discovery process in which health care organizations define their markets and assess internal operations. Plans move the organization forward toward the realization of a vision. The strategic plan or plan of action is necessary to achieve certain goals and objectives. The plan helps to create alignment and consensus around the organization's intentions. Key managers help to organize efforts and garner momentum for these strategies.
The Strategic Plan
The strategic plan changes or creates additional service lines, clinical procedures, and geographic locations of new clinics, rooms, or other facilities. The plan helps decide where to allocate resources for the high-level initiatives such as new medical technologies. The plan also identifies potential partners for an integrated delivery network or expanded system. When assessing a health care organization, ask what evidence you see of them attempting to work towards a certain vision. What services are they providing? How do they implement the strategy? How are they different from other clinical organizations in the community? How do they remain competitive?
Operations Internal Assessment and Improvement
Introduction
In this module, you will learn to identify methods of assessing and improving the quality of a health care organization. Developing processes is critical in assessing and improving quality since a process is how work gets accomplished. Until processes are fully documented, the interactions and steps cannot be appreciated. The "as-is process" documents what is actually occurring, versus what is supposed to occur. The "to-be process" documents the vision and the proposed process once improvements have been made. By fixing the process, you improve performance. The business process is a set of activities and tasks that are performed in sequence to achieve a specific outcome. The strategy of process improvement increases the throughput (capacity or volume) of a process; eliminates choke points or bottlenecks; and reduces costs, steps, waste, and resources. Look for steps that add value and eliminate those that do not. Reduce the variation in performance over time, remembering that variability causes resource inefficiency.
Analyzing Performance
Methods for analyzing performance include trend analysis and benchmarking. Trend analysis helps health care organizations answer the question, "How are we performing over time?" Benchmarking asks how we compare to our competition. Benchmarking is th ...
Chapter 11
Organizational Control
Organizational ControlMonitoring the efficiency and effectiveness of activities necessary for achieving org. goals.Anticipating future eventsResponding to opportunities & threatsEvaluating strategy & structureKeeping employees motivated
Control SystemsFormal feedback systems that provide information about org. performanceEffective control system:Provides an accurate picture of org. performanceProvides info. in a timely mannerIs flexible enough to allow managers to respond to unexpected eventsRevolutionized by IT
Three Types of Control
Feedforward ControlInput stageAnticipate problems before they occurExamples:Monitor changes in trendsCoordinate with suppliers
Concurrent ControlImmediate feedback about how efficiently inputs are being turned into outputsAllows for problems to be corrected as they ariseTotal Quality Management
Feedback ControlProvides information regarding customer’s reactionsExample:Number of customer returnsNumber of complaints
The Control ProcessStep 1: Establish Performance StandardsThousands to choose fromMust be consistent with company strategyOveremphasis on any one can have negative consequences
The Control ProcessStep 2: Measure Actual PerformanceMeasure outputs of behaviorsEasier to measureMore objectiveMeasure behaviors themselves Routine are easy to measureNon-routine are hard to measure
The Control ProcessStep 3: Compare actual performance against standards.Three possibilitiesHigher LowerSame as performance standard
The Control ProcessStep 4: Evaluate and take corrective actionIf performance was unacceptable:Changes in the way resources are used are neededTechnology, training, structure, motivation, etc.
Three Control Systems
Financial Measures of PerformanceProfit Ratios – How efficiently resources are used to generate profitsReturn on InvestmentNet Income Before Taxes / Total AssetsGross Profit Margin(Sales – COGS) / Sales
Liquidity Ratios – How easily short term obligations can be met.Current RatioCurrent assets / current liabilitiesQuick Ratio(Current assets – inventory) / current liabilities
Financial Measures of Performance
Leverage Ratios – how much debt vs. equity was used to buy org. resourcesDebt-to-Assets RatioDebt / AssetsTimes-covered RatioEBIT / Interest Expenses
Financial Measures of Performance
Asset Activity Ratios – How efficiently are org. resources being usedInventory TurnoverCOGS / InventoryDays Sales OutstandingAccounts Receivable / Average Daily Sales
Financial Measures of Performance
Organizational GoalsToo lowNot motivatingToo HighDiscouraging…not motivatingStretch GoalsAppropriately Challenging
Operating BudgetsPlan for how managers intend to used org. resources in order to create org. performanceResources are divided up and allocated down the hierarchyManagers are evaluated by their ability to meet budgetRevenue, cost control, profitability
Problems with Output ControlTendency to focus on short-termHi ...
The changing business environment manager's perspectiveLou Foja
Management is expected to ensure that the organization uses its resources wisely, operates profitably, pays its debts, and abides by laws and regulations.
To fulfill these expectations, managers establish the goals, objectives, and strategic plans that guide and control the organization’s operating, investing, and financing activities.
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
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What might I learn?
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Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
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Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
8. Anticipates problems Solves problems as they happen Solves problems after they occur Concurrent control Feedback control Feedforward control Focus is on inputs ongoing processes outputs Focus is on Focus is on
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16. If Inadequate If Adequate Adjust Standards Adjust Performance Feedback Establish Strategic Goals 1. Establish standards of performance. 2. Measure actual performance. 3. Compare performance to standards. 4. Take corrective action. 4. Do nothing or provide reinforcement.
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31. Bureaucratic Control Decentralized Control Uses detailed rules and procedures formal control systems Limited use of rules,relies on values, group and self control, selection and socialiation Top-down autorty, formal hierarchy, position power. Flexieble authority, falt structure, expert power, everyone monitors quality Task related job descriptions; measurable standarts define minimum performance Results-based job descriptions; Emphasis on goals to be achieved Emphasis on extrinsic rewards (pay, benefits,status) Extrinsic and intrinsic rewards (meaningful work, opportunities for growth) Rewards given for meeting individual performance standards Rewards individual and team; emphasis on equity across employees Limited formalized employee participation Broad employee participation
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36. Positive Factors Negative Factors Tasks make high skill demands on employees Management expectations are unrealisticlly high TQM serves to enrich jobs and motivate employees Middle managers are dissatisfed about loss of authority Problem-solving skills are improved for all employees Workers are dissatisfied with other aspects of organizational life Participation and teamwork are used to tackle significant problems Union leaders are left out QC discussions Continuous improvement is a way of life Managers wait for big, dramatic innovations
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50. Financial Performance Internal Business Processes Customer Services Learning and Growth