This document discusses the debate around hacking and hackers. Some argue that hacking is not inherently illegal as hackers are simply exploring systems and finding weaknesses without harmful intent. However, others counter that hacking can enable serious crimes like identity theft, money laundering, and treason by selling secrets. While hackers' skills are impressive, their actions could be considered criminal if used for monetary gain illegally or to harm national security. The debate remains ongoing with valid perspectives on both sides.

1. Nuclear Energy : Advantage Or Disadvantage
Nuclear energy is commonly offered as an alternative to overcome the crisis of energy.
The debate whether the use of nuclear energy is an appropriate choice or not, has not
come to an end. Some people agree with the utilization of it because of its benefits. Some
others, however, disagree because of its risks to the environment.
Those who agree with the operation of nuclear reactors usually argue that nuclear
energy is the only feasible choice to answer the ever – increasing energy needs. In their
opinion, the other sources of energy: oil, coal, and liquid natural gas are not renewable
and safe, while nuclear energy can be sustainable when produced in a safe way.
However, people who disagree with the use of nuclear energy point out that the waste of
nuclear products can completely destroy the environment and human lives. A meltdown
in reactor, for example, usually results in the contamination of the surroundings soil and
water. Take for example, the blow up of the nuclear reactor at the Chernobyl Nuclear
Power Station in Russia twenty years ago. The serious contamination imperiled people
and the environment severely.
It is obvious that nuclear energy should be avoided because it really endangers the
environment but what about a less polluted energy instead of nuclear energy. Is there
any alternative energy to overcome the crisis of energy? In my opinion, nuclear energy is
the best choice to overcome the crisis of energy. However, government should make
sure that nuclear reactor’s construction and maintains are safe.

2. School Uniforms Policy
School uniforms are uniforms worn by parents primarily for a school or otherwise
educational institution. In Indonesia, school uniforms tell many things such as students'
grade level and school or institution. In elementary school level for instance, students
are asked to wear ‘red-white’ uniforms; while junior high school students are asked to
wear 'blue-white' uniforms; and for senior high school, students are asked to wear 'blue
sky-white' uniforms. Except those formal-uniforms, there are others such as scout
uniforms and school or institutional uniforms. School uniforms become a debate issue
among parents nowadays. Some of them think that school uniforms are necessary, while
others think that they are not.
Some parents believe that school uniforms will make such good advantages to their
children while learning at school. First, school uniforms can keep students focused on
their education, not their clothes. Students will not concern on clothes color, clothes
style, or clothes brand, if they wear same school uniforms. Second, school uniforms may
improve attendance and discipline. A 2010 study by researchers at the University of
Houston found that the average absence rate for girls in middle and high school
decreased by 7% after the introduction of uniforms. It is because school uniforms make
getting ready for school easier, which can improve punctuality. When uniforms are
mandatory, parents and students do not spend time choosing appropriate outfits for the
school day. The last, school uniforms are a symbol that every student is equal in getting
same education. School uniforms will not differentiate whether the students are rich or
not and students’ economic or social class.
In other hand, school uniforms can affect negatively on students psychology and
performance in learning at school. First, school uniforms restrict students' freedom of
expression. Students cannot express themselves through clothes they wear. Second,
uniforms also may have a detrimental effect on students' self-image. When students
have to wear the same outfits, rather than being allowed to select clothes that suit their
body types, they can suffer embarrassment at school. A 2003 study by researchers at
Arizona State University found that "students from schools without uniforms reported
higher self-perception scores than students from schools with uniform policies." Third,
some students also find uniforms less comfortable than their regular clothes, which may
not be conducive to learning. The last, school uniforms in public schools undermine the
promise of a free education by imposing an extra expense on families. Parents already
pay taxes, and they still need to buy regular clothes for their children to wear when they
are out of school and for dress-down days.
In conclusion, school uniforms remain important of the students’ forsakes. Students will
be discipline and will focus more on learning. School uniforms also will show them that
they are equal in learning. However, to cover all disadvantages of school uniforms such
as restriction of students’ freedom of expression, students’ self-image, students’ comfort,
and school uniforms’ extra expense, there are several recommendations that need to be
considered. First, allow the students to wear or use some accessories as long as they are
not break the regulation. Accessories usage can free their expression, self-image, and
promote their comfort in learning. Second, use two kinds of school uniforms only; the
formal school uniforms and scout uniforms. It is because extra school or institutional
uniforms will require extra money from parents.

3. Birth Control
Most people agree that some form of family limitation or spacing is desirable for the
good of the family and society. But individuals and groups–especially religious groups–
differ sharply on the methods of birth control that they consider immoral and
unacceptable. The debate among society about birth control is never ended until now.
Couples that practice birth control do so for various reasons. They may want to limit or
space their children, or to have no children at all. Young couples often postpone having
children so that both partners can work full-time. Other couples space their children so
they can give each child as much attention as possible. Some women are advised by their
doctors to avoid pregnancy for health reasons. In many countries with rapidly growing
populations, the government encourages couples to limit the size of their families.
Even though birth control has gained in acceptance, opposition to the practice is
continuous. Some people fear that birth control encourages sexual relations outside
marriage or that government might impose birth control. Some religious groups oppose
birth control on moral grounds. Some religious groups teach that artificial methods of
birth control are immoral because they separate the two purposes of intercourse in
marriage–conjugal love and the procreation of children.
In conclusion, birth control is a choice among parents whether they want to limit their
children, limit the space between children, or to have no children at all. There must be
some reasons behind their choice to control the birth economy, social, or may be health.
I do agree that having children is the purpose of marriage. However, to prevent
population bomb, we need to take an action and birth control is the best answer.

4. Tablets vs Books
Fast development of modern technologies such as computer, cell phone and tablets
bring many advantages in human life. Almost every sector such as work, entertainment,
and education are now depending on technology. In educational sector, for example,
there is a policy to use tablets to replace textbooks. This policy makes a major debate
among society. Some people agree that tablets will make teaching-learning process
better but some other thinks not.
Among those who agree, tablets bring some benefits. First, tablets help students learn
more material faster. Technology-based instruction can reduce the time students take to
reach a learning objective by 30-80%, according to the US Department of Education and
studies by the National Training and Simulation Association. Second, tablets can hold
hundreds of textbooks on one device, plus homework, quizzes, and other files,
eliminating the need for physical storage of books and classroom materials. The average
tablet contains anywhere from 8 to 64 gigabytes (GB) of storage space. Third, tablets
contain many technological features that cannot be found in print textbooks. Tablets
give users the ability to highlight and edit text and write notes without ruining a
textbook for the next user. Tablets have a search function, a backlighting option to read
in low light, and a built-in dictionary. Interactive diagrams, games and videos increase
student creativity, motivation, attentiveness, and engagement with classroom activities.
In other hand, people who disagree with the use of tablets point out several reasons.
First, handheld technological devices including tablets are associated with a range of
health problems. Handhelds contribute to Computer Vision Syndrome, which causes
eyestrain, headaches, blurred vision, and dry eyes, according to the American
Optometric Association. Second, using tablets is more expensive than using print
textbooks. School will require purchasing hardware (the tablet) and software (the
textbooks), building new wi-fi infrastructure, and training teachers and administrators
how to use the technology. A broken tablet also requires an experienced technician to
fix, which can be costly and time-consuming. Plus, tablets constantly need charging,
increasing electricity demands on schools and the need for new electrical outlets. Third,
tablets have too many distractions for classroom use. Students may pay attention to
apps, email, games, and websites instead of their teachers. Tablets also enable students
to cheat on schoolwork. Students can easily avoid reading and analyzing texts on their
own because they can quickly look up passages in an e-textbook and search for answers
on the internet.
In conclusion, tablets indeed bring so many advantages in education especially in
teaching learning process. However, we must see the other factors whether tablets are
suitable to be used in educational institution now or later. We cannot deny that tablets
are so expensive with its entire means of support. It is not fair if we allocate the entire
budget to tablets while there are so many schools which need more important facilities
such as school buildings, classrooms, libraries, clean toilets, and so forth.

5. National Exam: Pro and Contra?
National exam becomes the hot topic in most of discussions among students, teachers,
and parents. Some people believe that national exam is not necessary for students as a
requirement to be able graduate from a school. In other hand, other people see national
exam as an important indicator to know whether students have mastered all school
materials or not. The debate among society about national examination goes on until
now.
For people who agree, national exam is necessary for students as a requirement to
graduate from a school. People who support the national exam explain that the quality
of the Indonesia education will drop without the national exam, so they try to defend the
current system. They also think that national examination can motivate students to
study harder.
However there are people who disagree with the opinion. Those who against this
national exam kept in school education say that it doesn't need the national exams
because the quality of education does not just depend on the national exam. Further, the
national exam only measures a small portion of students' competence in specific
subjects, and does not measure students' competences throughout the semester.
In conclusion, national examination can still be useful as an instrument to evaluate or
detect the level of students' cognitive competence in several subjects, on a national scale.
However, it is not fair if only national exam score that judge whether students pass or
not. Government should make a regulation that national exam is not the only
requirement for students to graduate. There should be other requirements added such
as students’ daily score, behavior, and achievement.

6. Abortion : Pro and Contra
Abortion is an act of terminating a baby in a human pregnancy. Abortion become viral
thing among society, some say that abortion is fine but others say it is illegal. In
Indonesia, abortion is considered as an evil thing. It is like killing other human and
must be punished heavily. However, since number of population increase
uncontrollable, some people begin to consider that abortion may be a fine solution to
solve population explosion.
Abortion is one method of birth control. Let’s look at the fact about the population
problem in a country. When a country faces the problems of population explosion, the
government should find methods to solve it. But since no method of contraception is
one hundred percent effective and successful, abortion becomes the only way out when
prevention fails.
On the other hand, abortion may cause many negative effects for women’s health.
Women risk their health and lives in bearing the weight of the operation and its
consequences. The most common complications are inflammation, interruption of
menstrual patterns, infertility, endometriosis, myoma of the uterus, and many other
kinds of ovary illnesses.
So far, abortions have become a dilemma for countries with a large number of citizens.
On one hand, it can control the birth rate but on the other hand, it brings terrible
consequences, especially for women’s health.

7. Same Sex Marriage: Pros & Cons
Same sex marriage becomes hot topic lately among society around the globe, after U.S
legalize it. Pro and contra of legalizing same-sex marriage rise. Some people believe that
same-sex marriage can bring several benefits, while others believe that same-sex
marriage is forbidden because of reasons. The debate among society about same-sex
marriage goes on until now.
For those who agree, same sex marriage can brings some benefits. First, marriage is an
internationally recognized human right for all people and same-sex marriage is a civil
right. Second, marriage is not only for procreation, otherwise infertile couples or couples
not wishing to have children would be prevented from marrying, so as same sex
marriage. Third, same sex couples is also useful when they adopt orphand who lacks of
love. Fourth, marriage provides both physical and psychological health benefits, and
banning gay marriage increases rates of psychological disorders. The American
Psychological Association and American Psychiatric Association in Sep. 2007 say
"...allowing same-sex couples to marry would give them access to the social support that
already facilitates and strengthens heterosexual marriages, with all of the psychological
and physical health benefits associated with that support."
In other hand, some people who disagree with same sex marriage have some reasons to
oppose it. First, the institution of marriage has traditionally been defined as being
between a man and a woman. Marriage is for procreation and should not be extended to
same-sex couples because they cannot produce children together. Second, allowing gay
marriage would only further shift the purpose of marriage from producing and raising
children to adult gratification.Third, children need both a mother and a father. Girls
who are raised apart from their fathers are reportedly at higher risk for early sexual
activity and teenage pregnancy. Children without a mother are deprived of the
emotional security and unique advice that mothers provide. Fourth, gay marriage is
contrary to the word of God and is incompatible with the beliefs, sacred texts, and
traditions of many religious groups.
In conclusion, we cannot judge whether same sex marriage is good or bad. It is just like
two sides of coins which together has both positive and negative points. The wise way to
response to this issue is with strengthening what we believe is good, without trying to
oppose the others who has different perspective.

8. Hacking: Pro and Contra?
Do you know what a hacker is? Well, a hacker is a person who enjoys exploring the
details of programmable systems on computers and they like to stretch the capability of
the systems. And you know what, the activities they do in the computers are called
‘hacking’. So, what’s the problem with ‘hacking and its hackers’? Well, the problem is
whether ‘hacking and its hackers’ is legal or illegal? What I mean is that people in the
world have many different views about hacking and the hackers. Some of them take
sides, but many object.
Although in most places breaking into computer systems is considered illegal, I believe
that hackers don’t do anything illegal because they only want to know and try the
systems. I dare to say that a hacker likes finding the strengths and the weaknesses of a
computer system. They feel proud if they can find the weaknesses. So I don’t really see
the crimes in this case. In addition, these hackers sometimes help the police catch the
‘white collar criminals’, such as bank robbers, money launderers, credit card forgers. For
example, in 2000, the U.S. hackers caught some Singaporean hackers who made ‘Virus
Love’ to break up the programs of the U.S. National Security system.
Nevertheless, those who object to the good points of a hacker say that hacking is a crime.
The reason is that some hackers use their brilliant skills to break into banks and other
vital institutions where they can get money, destroy information, and the worst thing is
they can get secret information and sell it to another country. This is a treachery. Take
for example, in 1994, The U.S. government broke a conspiracy of computer hackers out
of Majorca, Spain. These hackers were responsible for accessing and eliminating
190,000 telephone credit card numbers over computer bulletin boards in America and
Europe. Seeing this fact, I don’t blame those who think negatively about hackers.
To put the whole thing in a nut shell, I personally think that hackers are not bad people
with their brilliant skills. However, they could be bad because of money orientation to
get the wealth. That’s just the point.